Question 1

Biomedicine is a traditional form of healing that is not widely accepted in the U.S.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  False

Question 2

Why is it important to study complex categories involving intersexuality and transgendering?

Accepted Answer

Studying complex categories involving intersexuality and transgender issues is important for several reasons:

1. **Human Rights and Social Justice**: Understanding the experiences and challenges faced by intersex and transgender individuals is crucial for promoting their rights and well-being. It helps in advocating for policies and laws that protect them from discrimination, violence, and inequality.

2. **Medical and Psychological Support**: Proper study and knowledge of intersexuality and transgender issues can lead to better healthcare services tailored to their specific needs. This includes both physical health services, such as hormone treatments and surgeries, and mental health support, such as counseling and therapy.

3. **Educational Awareness**: Education on these topics can dispel myths and misconceptions, leading to greater acceptance and inclusion within society. It can reduce stigma and prejudice, which are often based on ignorance or misinformation.

4. **Diversity and Inclusivity**: Recognizing and understanding the diversity of human experiences, including gender and sexual development, enriches our society. It allows for a more inclusive environment where everyone can express their identity without fear of marginalization.

5. **Scientific and Biological Knowledge**: Studying intersex conditions enhances our understanding of human biology and the spectrum of sexual development. This can lead to advancements in genetics, endocrinology, and developmental biology.

6. **Legal and Policy Development**: Informed studies provide a solid foundation for developing fair and effective legal frameworks that respect the rights and identities of intersex and transgender individuals, ensuring they are treated equally under the law.

7. **Cultural Competence**: For professionals working in various fields such as healthcare, education, social work, and law enforcement, understanding these issues is part of cultural competence. It enables them to interact effectively with people from diverse backgrounds.

8. **Personal Growth**: Learning about the lives and experiences of people who are different from us can foster empathy, broaden our perspectives, and challenge our own biases. This personal growth is essential for building a more harmonious society.

In summary, studying intersexuality and transgender issues is vital for advancing human rights, improving healthcare, promoting social justice, enhancing scientific understanding, and fostering a more inclusive and empathetic society.

Question 3

What is a Native American view on intersexed individuals?

Accepted Answer

The Native American view on intersex individuals—those who do not fit the typical definitions of male or female—varies widely across different tribes and cultures, as there are hundreds of distinct Native American groups, each with their own traditions, beliefs, and social structures. However, many Native American cultures historically recognized the existence of more than two genders, and intersex individuals often occupied a special status within these societies.

In some tribes, intersex individuals were seen as embodying both masculine and feminine traits, which could give them a unique social and sometimes spiritual role. They might have been considered "two-spirit" people, a term that has been adopted in modern times to describe Native American gender-variant individuals, including those who might be identified as gay, lesbian, bisexual, transgender, or intersex in Western contexts.

Two-spirit individuals were often respected as mediators, healers, and ceremonial leaders, believed to possess wisdom that comes from the ability to see the world through the lens of multiple gender experiences. They were sometimes given special tasks and roles that were not prescribed to people of typical male or female genders.

It is important to note that the term "two-spirit" and the social acceptance of intersex and other gender-variant individuals are not universal across all Native American cultures. The views and practices related to gender diversity have been influenced by a variety of factors, including contact with European colonizers, who often imposed their own gender norms and moral values on indigenous peoples, leading to the suppression or loss of traditional beliefs and practices.

Today, there is a resurgence of interest in the traditional roles of two-spirit and intersex individuals among Native American communities, as part of a broader movement to reclaim and revitalize indigenous cultural practices. This includes a reevaluation and reaffirmation of the place of gender diversity within Native American societies.

In summary, while there is no single Native American view on intersex individuals, many tribes historically recognized and respected gender diversity, with intersex individuals often occupying important social and spiritual roles. The modern two-spirit movement is working to restore these traditional understandings and practices within Native American communities.

Question 4

What is the fear reaction of being bewitched found among Algonquian hunters?

Accepted Answer

A) Amok 
B) Latah 
C) Berdache 
D) Sadhu 
E) Windigo 
A) Amok 
B) Latah 
C) Berdache 
D) Sadhu 
E) Windigo

Question 5

John Locke's theory of tabula rasa was not sufficient because it did not:

Accepted Answer

A) focus on the individual,only the group. 
B) take genetic contributions into account. 
C) address any society except Europe. 
D) consider that culture and environment are important. 
E) explain why language is so important to development. 
A) focus on the individual,only the group. 
B) take genetic contributions into account. 
C) address any society except Europe. 
D) consider that culture and environment are important. 
E) explain why language is so important to development.

Question 6

Living in a tropical environment where one learns to orient oneself through a vertical landscape of tall trees and speckled light is part of:

Accepted Answer

A) gender orientation. 
B) spatial orientation. 
C) object orientation. 
D) normative orientation. 
E) temporal orientation. 
A) gender orientation. 
B) spatial orientation. 
C) object orientation. 
D) normative orientation. 
E) temporal orientation.

Question 7

How can anthropologists help with a community's mental health problems?

Accepted Answer

Anthropologists can play a significant r

Question 8

Biomedicine is the predominant medical system found in:

Accepted Answer

A) Hindu cultures. 
B) Islamic cultures. 
C) Christian cultures. 
D) Asia,Africa,and Latin America. 
E) Europe and the United States. 
A) Hindu cultures. 
B) Islamic cultures. 
C) Christian cultures. 
D) Asia,Africa,and Latin America. 
E) Europe and the United States.

Question 9

It is common in many cultures for an individual to receive more than one name during their life.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

Which of the following statements about self-awareness is incorrect?

Accepted Answer

A) Self-awareness occurs earlier in children as a function of the amount of social stimulation they receive. 
B) At 15 weeks of age,the home-reared infant in North America is in contact with its mother for about 20% of the time. 
C) At 15 weeks of age,infants in the Ju/'hoansi society of South Africa's Kalahari Desert are in close contact with their mothers about 70% of the time. 
D) American children develop self-awareness earlier than do Ju/'hoansi children. 
E) Self-awareness comes in stages and not all at once. 
A) Self-awareness occurs earlier in children as a function of the amount of social stimulation they receive. 
B) At 15 weeks of age,the home-reared infant in North America is in contact with its mother for about 20% of the time. 
C) At 15 weeks of age,infants in the Ju/'hoansi society of South Africa's Kalahari Desert are in close contact with their mothers about 70% of the time. 
D) American children develop self-awareness earlier than do Ju/'hoansi children. 
E) Self-awareness comes in stages and not all at once.

Question 11

Ideal "cultural personality" traits among Yanomamo men would include being:

Accepted Answer

A) irritated and whiny. 
B) loving and respectful. 
C) questioning and anxious. 
D) fierce and humorous. 
E) nurturing and affectionate. 
A) irritated and whiny. 
B) loving and respectful. 
C) questioning and anxious. 
D) fierce and humorous. 
E) nurturing and affectionate.

Question 12

All of the following are associated with eunuchs except:

Accepted Answer

A) castration is a widespread cultural practice to transform sexual status. 
B) there is evidence of castration in the archaeological record in Egypt. 
C) castration was always carried out as a public ritual in societies where it had meaning. 
D) in some societies eunuchs could rise to high status as priests and administrators. 
E) eunuchs were appointed military commanders in the Chinese army. 
A) castration is a widespread cultural practice to transform sexual status. 
B) there is evidence of castration in the archaeological record in Egypt. 
C) castration was always carried out as a public ritual in societies where it had meaning. 
D) in some societies eunuchs could rise to high status as priests and administrators. 
E) eunuchs were appointed military commanders in the Chinese army.

Question 13

Which anthropologist stated that the purpose of anthropology is to "make the world safe for human differences"?

Accepted Answer

A) Nancy Scheper-Hughes 
B) Catherine Bateson 
C) Mary Douglas 
D) Margaret Mead 
E) Ruth Benedict 
A) Nancy Scheper-Hughes 
B) Catherine Bateson 
C) Mary Douglas 
D) Margaret Mead 
E) Ruth Benedict

Question 14

In order for self-awareness to emerge and function,basic orientations are necessary to structure the psychological field in which the self acts.Identify and discuss these basic orientations.Give examples of each from your own cultural background.

Accepted Answer

Self-awareness is the ability to recogni

Question 15

Define the concept of behavioral environment.

Accepted Answer

The concept of behavioral environment re

Question 16

Use examples from the Hindu sadhus to illustrate the cultural context of normality and abnormality.

Accepted Answer

In Hindu culture, sadhus are revered as

Question 17

Describe the statistics behind the concept of modal personality.

Accepted Answer

Modal personality refers to the most com

Question 18

In Western countries,a psychological disorder__________________known as__________________occurs most frequently among young women in which a preoccupation with thinness produces a refusal to eat.This is an example of a culture-bound syndrome.

Accepted Answer

A) pibloktoq 
B) amok 
C) anorexia nervosa 
D) bulimia 
E) windigo 
A) pibloktoq 
B) amok 
C) anorexia nervosa 
D) bulimia 
E) windigo

Question 19

Define a culture-bound syndrome,and give an example of ethnic psychosis.

Accepted Answer

A culture-bound syndrome is a combinatio

Question 20

Same-sex sexual acts are punished by the death penalty in all of the following countries except:

Accepted Answer

A) Mauritania. 
B) Guatemala. 
C) Sudan. 
D) Saudi Arabia. 
E) Iran. 
A) Mauritania. 
B) Guatemala. 
C) Sudan. 
D) Saudi Arabia. 
E) Iran.

Exam 16: Social Identity, Personality, and Gender

Biomedicine is a traditional form of healing that is not widely accepted in the U.S.

Why is it important to study complex categories involving intersexuality and transgendering?

What is a Native American view on intersexed individuals?

What is the fear reaction of being bewitched found among Algonquian hunters?

John Locke's theory of tabula rasa was not sufficient because it did not:

Living in a tropical environment where one learns to orient oneself through a vertical landscape of tall trees and speckled light is part of:

How can anthropologists help with a community's mental health problems?

Biomedicine is the predominant medical system found in:

It is common in many cultures for an individual to receive more than one name during their life.

Which of the following statements about self-awareness is incorrect?

Ideal "cultural personality" traits among Yanomamo men would include being:

All of the following are associated with eunuchs except:

Which anthropologist stated that the purpose of anthropology is to "make the world safe for human differences"?

In order for self-awareness to emerge and function,basic orientations are necessary to structure the psychological field in which the self acts.Identify and discuss these basic orientations.Give examples of each from your own cultural background.

Define the concept of behavioral environment.

Use examples from the Hindu sadhus to illustrate the cultural context of normality and abnormality.

Describe the statistics behind the concept of modal personality.

In Western countries,a psychological disorder__________________known as__________________occurs most frequently among young women in which a preoccupation with thinness produces a refusal to eat.This is an example of a culture-bound syndrome.

Define a culture-bound syndrome,and give an example of ethnic psychosis.

Same-sex sexual acts are punished by the death penalty in all of the following countries except:

The Essence of Anthropology

Biology, Genetics, and Evolution

Living Primates

Primate Behavior

Field Methods in Archaeology and Paleoanthropology

From First Primates to First Bipeds

Origins of the Genus Homo

The Global Expansion of Homo Sapiens and Their Technology

The Neolithic Revolution: the Domestication of Plants and Animals

The Emergence of Cities and States

Modern Human Diversity: Race and Racism

Human Adaptation to a Changing World

Characteristics of Culture

Ethnographic Research: Its History, Methods, and Theories

Language and Communication

Patterns of Subsistence

Economic Systems

Sex, Marriage, and Family

Kinship and Descent

Grouping by Gender, Age, Common Interest, and Social Status

Politics, Power, War, and Peace

Spirituality, Religion, and Shamanism

The Arts

Processes of Cultural Change

Global Challenges, Local Responses, and the Role of Anthropology

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In Western countries,a psychological disorderknown asoccurs most frequently among young women in which a preoccupation with thinness produces a refusal to eat.This is an example of a culture-bound syndrome.