Exam 6: Groups and Organizations

______________ thrive in contemporary organizations because e-mail and Web sites have made it possible for people to communicate throughout the day without ever having to engage in face-to- face interaction.

Compare the U.S.and Japanese models of organization.

In a______________,the active participation of both members is crucial for the group's survival.

Corporations,schools,and government agencies are all examples of:

______________ is a form of compliance in which people follow direct orders from someone in a position of authority.

Today,computer networks and email offer additional opportunities for workers to enhance or degrade their work culture.

Total institutions,such as boot camps,prisons,and some mental hospitals,are examples of organizations.

A(n)______________is a group that strongly influences a person's behavior and social attitudes, regardless of whether that individual is an actual member.

According to Max Weber,______________is the process by which traditional methods of social organization,characterized by informality and spontaneity,are gradually replaced by efficiently administered formal rules and procedures.

The potential members in a group refers to the______________size of a group.

Which of the following are NOT one of the four main dimensions of McDonaldization identified by Ritzer?

Russian organizations tend to be very bureaucratic and "top-down."

Jeff is a manager for a large department store.Rather than adopting a tough stance,he prefers to set the agenda and let group members make their own decisions rather than flaunting his power and position.He could be characterized as having a laissez-faire leadership style.

______________ leadership is most appropriate when the group's purpose is to reach a particular goal.

Describe the iron law of oligarchy and explain why bureaucratic hierarchies and oligarchies go hand in hand.

Compare normative,coercive,and utilitarian organizations and describe the nature of membership in each.

Describe the ways that online social networks enhance communication.

From a______________perspective,if groups exist to meet the instrumental and expressive needs of their members,then leaders are responsible for helping the group meet those needs.

Class (socioeconomic status based on a person's education,occupation,and income)is the most significant predictor of whether a person will participate in mainstream______________organizations.

______________ focus on the instrumental tasks of the group and demand compliance from others.In times of crisis,such as a war or natural disaster,they may be commended for their decisive actions.In other situations,however,they may be criticized for being dictatorial and for fostering intergroup hostility.