Exam 6: Groups and Organizations

Thorstein Veblen used the term______________to characterize situations in which workers have become so highly specialized,or have been given such fragmented jobs to do,that they are unable to come up with creative solutions to problems.

In discussing the Japanese model of organization,the text points out that

William Graham Sumner argued that distinguishing between our ingroups and our outgroups helps us:

Two members may unite to create a______________that can subject the third member to group pressure in order to conform.It is an alliance created in an attempt to reach a shared objective or goal.

Which of the following is NOT a method that an organization,such as a country club,may use to maintain formal group boundaries?

We voluntarily join______________organizations when we want to pursue some common interest or gain personal satisfaction or prestige from being a member.

Groups have a significant amount of influence on our values,attitudes,and behavior.Asch's experiments illustrate that in order to gain and then retain our membership in groups,most of us are willing to:

The "grapevine" spreads information (with varying degrees of accuracy)much faster than do official channels of communication,which tend to be slow and unresponsive.The "grapevine" is an example of:

A network is a web of social relationships that links one person with other people and through them,with other people they know.

The tragic 2003 explosion of the space shuttle Columbia while preparing to land has been cited as an example of:

Describe dyads and triads and explain the phenomena of changes in interaction patterns.

Larger groups typically have______________leadership structures.Their leaders are expected to perform a variety of roles,some related to the internal workings of the group and others related to external relationships with other groups.

The text points out that ingroup and outgroup distinctions:

Sociologist Georg Simmel suggested that small groups have distinctive interaction patterns that do not exist in larger groups.According to Simmel,a coalition is an alliance created in a dyad in an attempt to reach a shared objective or goal.

______________ leaders make all major group decisions and assign tasks to members.

The number of members a group actually has refers to the______________size of a group.

Organizational stakeholder theory is based on the idea that organizations must focus on morals and values in goal setting and decision making.

In his study of bureaucracies,sociologist______________relied on an ideal type analysis,which he adapted from the field of economics.

The research conducted by Stanley Milgram and his colleagues provides evidence that obedience to authority:

The informal structure has been referred to as______________,because it includes the ideology and practices of workers on the job.