Exam 6: Groups and Organizations

Explain what is meant by groupthink and elaborate on reasons why it can be dangerous for organizations.

A reference group is a group consisting solely of members that strongly influences a person's behavior and social attitudes.

According to Robert Merton,the term "bureaucratic personality" describes those workers who are more concerned with following correct procedures than they are with getting the job done correctly.

Discuss social psychologist Irving Janis' groupthink theory.

In relation to types of groups,describe sociologist William Graham Sumner's theory on ingroups and outgroups.

______________ may be praised for their expressive,supportive behavior toward group members,but they may also be blamed for being indecisive in times of crisis.

A(n)______________is a group to which a person belongs and with which the person feels a sense of identity.

In relation to obedience to authority,summarize Stanley Milgram's research.

As the introductory story depicts,professors across the nation are embracing technology and allowing it in the classroom to connect with their students.

Large groups leaders are expected to perform a variety of roles,some related to the internal workings of the group and others related to external relationships with other groups.

A(n)______________is a collection of people who happen to be in the same place at the same time but share little else in common.

Summarize sociologist Amitai Etzioni's theory on the types of formal organizations.

According to the text,Solomon Asch's experiment demonstrated that:

George Ritzer coined the term______________to describe the process of rationalization,which means the substitution of logically consistent rules for traditional rules.

Which of the following is NOT one of the ideal-type characteristics of bureaucratic organizations,as specified by Max Weber?

In the early 1980s,there was a movement in the U.S.to humanize bureaucracy-to establish an organizational environment that develops rather than impedes human resources.More humane bureaucracies are characterized by:

People in aggregates share a common purpose (such as purchasing items or arriving at their destination)but generally do not interact with one another,except perhaps briefly.

The self-protective behavior of officials at the top may render the organization ineffective.This is an example of which of the following types of problems of bureaucracies?

Examples of a(n)would include people who are the same age,race,or gender,or _____________ Those who share the same educational level.

According to Charles H.Cooley,a______________group is a larger,more specialized grouping in which the members engage in more impersonal,goal-oriented relationships for a limited period of time.