Exam 9: Global Stratification

______________ is based on a market­oriented perspective that assumes that "pure" capitalism is good and that the best economic outcomes occur when governments follow the policy of laissez- faire (hands­off)business,giving capitalists the opportunity to make the "best" economic decisions.

Walt Rostow,economic advisor to U.S.President Kennedy,suggested that all countries go through four stages of economic development.The first stage is the______________,in which very little social change takes place,and people do not think much about changing their current circumstances.

Although progress has been made,women still receive an inferior education when compared to their male counterparts which has consequences for the rest of society as higher literacy rates are associated with______________.

Discuss global poverty and its effects upon human development issues of life expectancy,health,and education.

Discuss problems in studying global inequality.

Nations with continue to dominate the world economy,despite the fact that shifts in _____________ The global marketplace have affected some workers who have found themselves without work due to capital flight.

______________ exists when people may be able to afford basic necessities but are still unable to maintain an average standard of living.

Describe middle-income economies.

In 1990,the United Nations Development Program introduced the Human Development Index (HDI),establishing three new criteria-in addition to gross domestic product (GDP)-for measuring the level of development in a country: life expectancy,health,and education.

Buyer-driven commodity chains is the term used to describe industries in which transnational corporations play a central part in controlling the production process.Industries that produce automobiles,computers,and other capital- and technology-intensive products are examples.

Explain the new international division of labor theory and compare the use of global commodity chains.

Those most affected by poverty in low-income economies are______________.

Summarize Walt Rostow's perspective on global inequality.

Today,gross national income (GNI)is a term that refers to all the goods and services produced in a country in a given year,plus the net income earned outside the country by individuals or corporations.

Among those most affected by poverty in low-income economies are:

Describe the "three worlds" approach that is used to classify nations of the world.

Drawing on social theory,explain your personal perspective on world hunger and poverty and devise a plan that would reduce poverty and hunger.

Transnational corporations have built maquiladora plants so that goods can be assembled by low- wage workers and then brought into the United States to keep production costs down.These maquiladora plants are located in what country?

The______________states that global poverty can at least partially be attributed to the fact that the low-income countries have been exploited by the high-income countries.

______________ poverty is measured by comparing one person's income with the incomes of others.