Exam 9: Global Stratification

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U.S.President John F.Kennedy's economic advisor Walt W.Rostow suggested that all countries go through four stages of economic development.He stated that the second stage is the take-off stage-a period of economic growth accompanied by a growing belief in individualism,competition,and achievement.

(True/False)
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About one­third of the world's population lives in the fifty­two low­income economies,where most people engage in agricultural pursuits,reside in nonurban areas,and are impoverished.

(True/False)
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The most frequently noted______________nations were the United States,Canada,Japan,Great Britain,Australia,and New Zealand.

(Multiple Choice)
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According to the Human Development Report,______________is fundamental to improving life chances and reducing both individual and national poverty.

(Multiple Choice)
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According to the United Nations,women constitute about 40 percent of those who are illiterate.Literacy is crucial for women because it has been closely linked to increases in fertility,improved child health,and decreased earnings potential.

(True/False)
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The______________,named after a U.S.Secretary of State,provided massive sums of money in direct aid and loans to rebuild the European economic base destroyed during World War II.

(Multiple Choice)
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The United States is ranked 43rd in the world with a Gini coefficient of about______________.On this measure,the United States fares better than a number of countries in the Middle East.

(Multiple Choice)
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Nations with industrializing economies,particularly in urban areas,and with moderate levels of national and personal income,are referred to as:

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Summarize wealth and poverty in global perspective.

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Describe low-income economies and the globalization of poverty.

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According to the Human Development Report,people who live in nations with______________can expect to be better educated,to live longer,and to earn more.

(Multiple Choice)
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______________ nations included China,North Korea,Vietnam,Cuba,and portions of the former Soviet Union.

(Multiple Choice)
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In 1990,the United Nations introduced the______________,establishing three new criteria,in addition to the gross domestic product,for measuring the level of advancement in a country: life expectancy,education,and living standards.

(Multiple Choice)
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The new international division of labor theory states that the poorer nations are trapped in a cycle of structural dependency on the richer nations due to their need for infusions of foreign capital and external markets for their raw materials.

(True/False)
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According to the new international division of labor theory,"______________" is the term used to refer to industries in which large retailers,brand-name merchandisers,and trading companies set up decentralized production networks in various middle- and low-income countries.

(Multiple Choice)
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Rich,industrialized nations that primarily had capitalist economic systems and democratic political systems are referred to as:

(Multiple Choice)
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In 1960,the wealthiest 20 percent of the world's population had more than______________times the income of the poorest 20 percent.

(Multiple Choice)
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Beginning in 2010,the Human Development Report included a new top category of nations called:

(Multiple Choice)
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Across the world just over______________million children are engaged in child labor.

(Multiple Choice)
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Countries with at least a moderate level of economic development and a moderate standard of living are referred to as:

(Multiple Choice)
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