Exam 9: Global Stratification

In 1960,the wealthiest 20 percent of the world population had more than 30 times the income of the poorest 20 percent of the world population;by 2005,the wealthiest 20 percent of the world population had almost 85 times the income of the poorest 20 percent of the world population.

Summarize wealth and poverty in a global perspective.

In relation to measuring global wealth and poverty,distinguish among absolute,relative,and subjective poverty.

Describe some of the important ways that international aid has helped to fight global poverty and disease.

In recent years,inequality in the United States has______________.

According to the World Health Organization,infectious diseases are far from under control in many nations due to such factors as unsanitary or overcrowded living conditions.

A child born in a low-HDI country has a life expectancy of about 59 years,which is____________________________years less than in medium-HDI countries and______________years less than in very-high-HDI countries.

______________ is an important example of an upper-middle income economy because it manages to export a wide array of goods including tobacco and citizens have a higher standard of living than lower-income economies while still dealing with serious human rights issues such as hazardous child labor practices.

The education of______________is of primary importance in the future if global inequality is to be reduced.

The income gap between the richest and the poorest 20 percent of the world population:

About______________of the world's population resides in the nations with middle-income economies.

The______________theory suggests that what exists under capitalism is a truly global system,held together by economic ties.

There has been progress in youth literacy rates with______________percent literacy in 63 of the 104 countries with available data.

Although some people have grown wealthy in lower-middle-income nations,many others continue to live in poverty,defined as______________per day in purchasing power.

Based on the new international division of labor theory,______________chains is the term used to describe industries in which transnational corporations play a central part in controlling the production process.

According to social scientists,absolute poverty exists when people may be able to afford basic necessities but are still unable to maintain an average standard of living;it is measured by comparing the actual income against the income earner's expectations and perceptions.

Capital flight often occurs because transnational corporations become aware of pools of cheap labor in______________nations where workers do not have legal protection or unions to help boost their wages and improve their work conditions.

Outline classifications of economies by income.

When an individual is able to purchase more quantities of food,higher quality food,higher quality housing,or a vehicle,the individual's______________is increased.

President Truman believed that an increase in the______________meant that a nation was moving toward economic development,which typically included the improved exploitation of natural resources by industrial development.