Exam 9: Global Stratification

According to the United Nations,______________is the process of "increasing the number of choices that people have so that they can lead life to its fullest and be able to take action for themselves to improve their lives."

Mariela's country where about 1/3 of the people live in poverty and her family makes about $4,000 annually.While there are diverse array of goods and services available,there are also substantial economic issues facing most citizens.What kind of economy does Mariela's country have?

Ideas regarding underdevelopment were popularized by President Kennedy in his 1949 inaugural address.He stated that nations in the Southern Hemisphere were "underdeveloped areas" because of their low gross national product.

Industries that produce automobiles,computers,and other capital- and technology-intensive products are typically______________chains.

______________ poverty would be measured by comparing the actual income against the income earner's expectations and perceptions.

The term______________refers to all of the goods and services produced in a country within a given year,plus the net income earned outside the country by individuals and corporations.

Women in the poorest nations have a literacy rate of______________percent,as compared to 64.5 percent for men.Literacy is crucial for women because it has been closely linked to decreases in fertility,improved child health,and increased earnings potential.

Walt Rostow,economic advisor to U.S.President Kennedy,suggested that all countries go through four stages of economic development.In the third stage,referred to as the______________,the country will reinvest in new industries and embrace the beliefs,values,and social institutions of the high-income,developed nations.

According to sociologist Immanuel Wallerstein's world systems theory,the capitalist world economy is a global system divided into a hierarchy of three major types of nations in which upward or downward mobility is conditioned by the resources and obstacles that characterize the international system.

Most high-income countries can be found in______________.

______________ poverty is measured by comparing personal or household income or expenses with the cost of buying a given quantity of goods and services.

Summarize global inequality in relation to the world systems theory.

The World Bank has defined______________as living on less than $1.25 a day.

CARE International assists the world's poor in their effort to achieve social and economic well­ being.Its work reaches 25 million people in fifty-three nations in Africa,Asia,Latin America,and Eastern Europe.

Explain global inequality in relation to the dependency theory.

Describe how global wealth and poverty are measured.

______________economies are found in 69 nations,including Portugal,Ireland,Israel,Italy,Norway,and Germany. _____________

Although some gains have been made in reducing the rate of malnourishment in some lower- income nations,about one billion people around the world are malnourished,and________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ percent of these are in Asia and the Pacific.

Describe high-income economies.

The top countries identified as having "Very High Human Development" are: