Question 1

Figure 7.2
-Figure 7.2 illustrates the electron transport chain.Which of the following is initially added to the chain with the highest free energy?

Accepted Answer

A) oxygen 
B) FADH2 
C) NADH 
D) water 
A) oxygen 
B) FADH2 
C) NADH 
D) water

Question 2

Most CO2 from catabolism is released during

Accepted Answer

A) glycolysis. 
B) the citric acid cycle. 
C) lactate fermentation. 
D) electron transport. 
A) glycolysis. 
B) the citric acid cycle. 
C) lactate fermentation. 
D) electron transport.

Question 3

The final electron acceptor of the electron transport chain that functions in aerobic oxidative phosphorylation is

Accepted Answer

A) oxygen. 
B) water. 
C) NAD+. 
D) pyruvate. 
A) oxygen. 
B) water. 
C) NAD+. 
D) pyruvate.

Question 4

If 30 molecules of ATP are produced for each molecule of glucose completely oxidized to carbon dioxide and water,how many ATP molecules will be produced for each molecule of pyruvate completely oxidized to carbon dioxide and water?

Accepted Answer

A) 2 
B) 6 
C) 14 
D) 28 
E) 60 
A) 2 
B) 6 
C) 14 
D) 28 
E) 60

Question 5

Brown fat cells produce a protein called thermogenin in their mitochondrial inner membrane.Thermogenin is an ion channel that facilitates diffusion of protons across the membrane.What will occur in the brown fat cells when thermogenin is present in their inner mitochondrial membranes?

Accepted Answer

A) ATP synthesis and heat generation will both increase. 
B) ATP synthesis will increase,and heat generation will decrease. 
C) ATP synthesis will decrease,and heat generation will increase. 
D) ATP synthesis and heat generation will both decrease. 
A) ATP synthesis and heat generation will both increase. 
B) ATP synthesis will increase,and heat generation will decrease. 
C) ATP synthesis will decrease,and heat generation will increase. 
D) ATP synthesis and heat generation will both decrease.

Question 6

When electrons flow along the electron transport chains of mitochondria,which of the following changes occurs?

Accepted Answer

A) The pH of the matrix increases. 
B) ATP synthase pumps protons by active transport. 
C) The electrons gain free energy. 
D) NAD+ is oxidized. 
A) The pH of the matrix increases. 
B) ATP synthase pumps protons by active transport. 
C) The electrons gain free energy. 
D) NAD+ is oxidized.

Question 7

Inside an active mitochondrion,most electrons follow which of the following pathways?

Accepted Answer

A) NADH → oxidative phosphorylation → ATP → oxygen 
B) citric acid cycle → FADH2 → electron transport chain → ATP 
C) electron transport chain → citric acid cycle → ATP → oxygen 
D) citric acid cycle → ATP → NADH → oxygen 
E) citric acid cycle → NADH → electron transport chain → oxygen 
A) NADH → oxidative phosphorylation → ATP → oxygen 
B) citric acid cycle → FADH2 → electron transport chain → ATP 
C) electron transport chain → citric acid cycle → ATP → oxygen 
D) citric acid cycle → ATP → NADH → oxygen 
E) citric acid cycle → NADH → electron transport chain → oxygen

Question 8

Which of the following statements is true for a molecule that is phosphorylated?

Accepted Answer

A) It has been reduced as a result of a redox reaction involving the loss of an inorganic phosphate. 
B) It has a decreased chemical energy and is less likely to provide energy for cellular work. 
C) It has been oxidized as a result of a redox reaction involving the gain of an inorganic phosphate. 
D) It has increased chemical potential energy that may be used to do cellular work. 
A) It has been reduced as a result of a redox reaction involving the loss of an inorganic phosphate. 
B) It has a decreased chemical energy and is less likely to provide energy for cellular work. 
C) It has been oxidized as a result of a redox reaction involving the gain of an inorganic phosphate. 
D) It has increased chemical potential energy that may be used to do cellular work.

Question 9

Which one of the following molecules is formed by the removal of a carbon (as CO2)from a molecule of pyruvate during aerobic respiration?

Accepted Answer

A) lactate 
B) glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate 
C) oxaloacetate 
D) acetyl CoA 
E) citrate 
A) lactate 
B) glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate 
C) oxaloacetate 
D) acetyl CoA 
E) citrate

Question 10

The synthesis of ATP by oxidative phosphorylation,using the energy released by movement of protons across the membrane down their electrochemical gradient,is an example of

Accepted Answer

A) conversion of potential energy to kinetic energy. 
B) an endergonic reaction coupled to an exergonic reaction. 
C) a redox reaction. 
D) allosteric regulation. 
A) conversion of potential energy to kinetic energy. 
B) an endergonic reaction coupled to an exergonic reaction. 
C) a redox reaction. 
D) allosteric regulation.

Question 11

What is the proton-motive force?

Accepted Answer

A) the energy required to remove an electron from a hydrogen atom 
B) the energy provided by a transmembrane hydrogen ion gradient 
C) the energy that moves hydrogen into the intermembrane space 
D) the energy that moves hydrogen atoms into the mitochondrion 
A) the energy required to remove an electron from a hydrogen atom 
B) the energy provided by a transmembrane hydrogen ion gradient 
C) the energy that moves hydrogen into the intermembrane space 
D) the energy that moves hydrogen atoms into the mitochondrion

Question 12

Figure 7.1
-Which of the following combinations of products would result from three acetyl CoA molecules entering the citric acid cycle (see Figure 7.1)?

Accepted Answer

A) 1 ATP,1 CoA,2 CO2,3 NADH,and 1 FADH2 
B) 2 ATP,2 CoA,2 CO2,3 NADH,and 3 FADH2 
C) 3 ATP,3 CoA,3 CO2,3 NADH,and 3 FADH2 
D) 3 ATP,3 CoA,6 CO2,9 NADH,and 3 FADH2 
E) 36 ATP,3 CoA,6 CO2,6 NADH,and 6 FADH2 
A) 1 ATP,1 CoA,2 CO2,3 NADH,and 1 FADH2 
B) 2 ATP,2 CoA,2 CO2,3 NADH,and 3 FADH2 
C) 3 ATP,3 CoA,3 CO2,3 NADH,and 3 FADH2 
D) 3 ATP,3 CoA,6 CO2,9 NADH,and 3 FADH2 
E) 36 ATP,3 CoA,6 CO2,6 NADH,and 6 FADH2

Question 13

Which of the following metabolic processes produces the most ATP when glucose (C6H12O6)is completely oxidized to carbon dioxide (CO2)and water?

Accepted Answer

A) glycolysis 
B) fermentation 
C) oxidation of pyruvate to acetyl CoA 
D) citric acid cycle 
E) oxidative phosphorylation (chemiosmosis) 
A) glycolysis 
B) fermentation 
C) oxidation of pyruvate to acetyl CoA 
D) citric acid cycle 
E) oxidative phosphorylation (chemiosmosis)

Question 14

Which of the following metabolic pathways occur(s)in the cytosol of eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

A) glycolysis and fermentation 
B) fermentation and chemiosmosis 
C) oxidation of pyruvate to acetyl CoA 
D) citric acid cycle 
E) oxidative phosphorylation 
A) glycolysis and fermentation 
B) fermentation and chemiosmosis 
C) oxidation of pyruvate to acetyl CoA 
D) citric acid cycle 
E) oxidative phosphorylation

Question 15

In an oxidation-reduction reaction,how is the reducing agent changed?

Accepted Answer

A) It gains electrons and gains potential energy. 
B) It gains electrons and loses potential energy. 
C) It loses electrons and loses potential energy. 
D) It loses electrons and gains potential energy. 
A) It gains electrons and gains potential energy. 
B) It gains electrons and loses potential energy. 
C) It loses electrons and loses potential energy. 
D) It loses electrons and gains potential energy.

Question 16

Where does glycolysis occur in animal cells?

Accepted Answer

A) cytosol 
B) outer mitochondrial membrane 
C) inner mitochondrial membrane 
D) mitochondrial matrix 
A) cytosol 
B) outer mitochondrial membrane 
C) inner mitochondrial membrane 
D) mitochondrial matrix

Question 17

Assuming glucose is the only energy source for a cell,what fraction of the carbon dioxide produced by aerobic respiration is generated by the oxidation of pyruvate to acetyl CoA?

Accepted Answer

A) 1/6 
B) 1/3 
C) 1/2 
D) 2/3 
E) all of it 
A) 1/6 
B) 1/3 
C) 1/2 
D) 2/3 
E) all of it

Question 18

The free-energy change for the oxidation of glucose to CO2 and water is -686 kcal/mol,and the free-energy change for the reduction of NAD+ to NADH is +53 kcal/mol.Why are only two molecules of NADH formed during glycolysis when it appears that as many as a dozen could be formed?

Accepted Answer

A) Most of the-free energy available from the oxidation of glucose is captured by the production of ATP. 
B) Glycolysis is a very inefficient process,with much of the energy from glucose released as heat. 
C) Most of the free energy available from the oxidation of glucose remains in pyruvate,one of the products of glycolysis. 
D) Glycolysis consists of many enzyme-catalyzed reactions,each of which extracts a small amount of energy from the glucose molecule. 
A) Most of the-free energy available from the oxidation of glucose is captured by the production of ATP. 
B) Glycolysis is a very inefficient process,with much of the energy from glucose released as heat. 
C) Most of the free energy available from the oxidation of glucose remains in pyruvate,one of the products of glycolysis. 
D) Glycolysis consists of many enzyme-catalyzed reactions,each of which extracts a small amount of energy from the glucose molecule.

Question 19

Which of the following processes is responsible for the ATP made during fermentation?

Accepted Answer

A) the electron transport chain 
B) substrate-level phosphorylation 
C) chemiosmosis 
D) oxidative phosphorylation 
E) aerobic respiration 
A) the electron transport chain 
B) substrate-level phosphorylation 
C) chemiosmosis 
D) oxidative phosphorylation 
E) aerobic respiration

Exam 7: Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

Figure 7.2 -Figure 7.2 illustrates the electron transport chain.Which of the following is initially added to the chain with the highest free energy?

Most CO2 from catabolism is released during

The final electron acceptor of the electron transport chain that functions in aerobic oxidative phosphorylation is

If 30 molecules of ATP are produced for each molecule of glucose completely oxidized to carbon dioxide and water,how many ATP molecules will be produced for each molecule of pyruvate completely oxidized to carbon dioxide and water?

Brown fat cells produce a protein called thermogenin in their mitochondrial inner membrane.Thermogenin is an ion channel that facilitates diffusion of protons across the membrane.What will occur in the brown fat cells when thermogenin is present in their inner mitochondrial membranes?

When electrons flow along the electron transport chains of mitochondria,which of the following changes occurs?

Inside an active mitochondrion,most electrons follow which of the following pathways?

Which of the following statements is true for a molecule that is phosphorylated?

Which one of the following molecules is formed by the removal of a carbon (as CO2)from a molecule of pyruvate during aerobic respiration?

The synthesis of ATP by oxidative phosphorylation,using the energy released by movement of protons across the membrane down their electrochemical gradient,is an example of

What is the proton-motive force?

Figure 7.1 -Which of the following combinations of products would result from three acetyl CoA molecules entering the citric acid cycle (see Figure 7.1)?

Which of the following metabolic processes produces the most ATP when glucose (C6H12O6)is completely oxidized to carbon dioxide (CO2)and water?

Which of the following metabolic pathways occur(s)in the cytosol of eukaryotic cells?

In an oxidation-reduction reaction,how is the reducing agent changed?

Where does glycolysis occur in animal cells?

Assuming glucose is the only energy source for a cell,what fraction of the carbon dioxide produced by aerobic respiration is generated by the oxidation of pyruvate to acetyl CoA?

The free-energy change for the oxidation of glucose to CO2 and water is -686 kcal/mol,and the free-energy change for the reduction of NAD+ to NADH is +53 kcal/mol.Why are only two molecules of NADH formed during glycolysis when it appears that as many as a dozen could be formed?

Which of the following processes is responsible for the ATP made during fermentation?

Introduction: Evolution and the Foundations of Biology

The Chemical Context of Life

Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life

A Tour of the Cell

Membrane Transport and Cell Signaling

An Introduction to Metabolism

Photosynthesis

The Cell Cycle

Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles

Mendel and the Gene Idea

The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance

The Molecular Basis of Inheritance

Gene Expression: From Gene to Protein

Regulation of Gene Expression

Development,stem Cells,and Cancer

Viruses

Genomes and Their Evolution

Descent With Modification

Phylogeny

The Evolution of Populations

The Origin of Species

Broad Patterns of Evolution

Early Life and the Diversification of Prokaryotes

The Origin and Diversification of Eukaryotes

The Colonization of Land by Plants and Fungi

The Rise of Animal Diversity

Plant Structure and Growth

Resource Acquisition,nutrition,and Transport in Vascular Plants

Reproduction and Domestication of Flowering Plants

Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals

Homeostasis and Endocrine Signaling

Animal Nutrition

Circulation and Gas Exchange

The Immune System

Reproduction and Development

Neurons,synapses,and Signaling

Nervous and Sensory Systems

Motor Mechanisms and Behavior

Population Ecology and the Distribution of Organisms

Ecological Communities

Ecosystems and Energy

Conservation Biology and Global Change

Filters

Most CO₂ from catabolism is released during

Which one of the following molecules is formed by the removal of a carbon (as CO₂)from a molecule of pyruvate during aerobic respiration?

Which of the following metabolic processes produces the most ATP when glucose (C₆H₁₂O₆)is completely oxidized to carbon dioxide (CO₂)and water?

The free-energy change for the oxidation of glucose to CO₂ and water is -686 kcal/mol,and the free-energy change for the reduction of NAD⁺ to NADH is +53 kcal/mol.Why are only two molecules of NADH formed during glycolysis when it appears that as many as a dozen could be formed?