Exam 7: Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

An organism is discovered that thrives in both the presence and absence of oxygen.Curiously,the consumption of sugar increases as oxygen is removed from the organism's environment,even though the organism does not gain much weight.This organism

As a result of an oxidation-reduction reaction,how is the oxidizing agent changed?

How many carbon atoms from one molecule of pyruvate enter the citric acid cycle?

What is the oxidizing agent in the following reaction? Pyruvate + NADH + H⁺ → Lactate + NAD⁺

Figure 7.2 -What happens at the end of the chain in Figure 7.2?

Which organelles or organisms are capable of synthesizing ATP using energy from chemiosmosis?

Which of the following metabolic processes in eukaryotic cells will proceed normally whether oxygen (O₂)is present or absent?

Which of the following indicates a primary path by which electrons travel downhill energetically during aerobic respiration?

Figure 7.2 -Which of the following is an accurate description of the events that occur along the electron transport chain depicted in Figure 7.2?

How many molecules of oxygen (O₂)are consumed by the complete oxidation of glucose (C₆H₁₂O₆)to carbon dioxide and water in aerobic respiration?

Assuming glucose is the only energy source for a cell,what fraction of the carbon dioxide produced by aerobic respiration is generated by the reactions of the citric acid cycle?

In what form do the catabolic products of beta oxidation enter into the citric acid cycle?

What is the primary function of beta oxidation in respiration?

What is the primary role of oxygen in cellular respiration?

Where in mitochondria is the enzyme ATP synthase localized?

Figure 7.1 -Carbon skeletons for amino acid biosynthesis are supplied by intermediates of the citric acid cycle (see Figure 7.1).Which intermediate would you predict may directly supply the carbon skeleton for synthesis of a five-carbon amino acid?

In vertebrate animals,brown fat tissue's color is derived from abundant blood vessels and capillaries.White fat tissue,on the other hand,is specialized for fat storage and contains relatively few blood vessels or capillaries.Brown fat cells produce the protein thermogenin,which is an ion channel that facilitates diffusion of protons across the membrane.Which of the following statements might best describe the function of the brown fat tissue?

For each molecule of glucose that is catabolized in glycolysis and the citric acid cycle,how many NADH molecules are produced?

During strenuous exercise,human muscle cells can become oxygen-deprived.When this occurs,muscle cells perform anaerobic fermentation,which results in the production of lactate from pyruvate.What happens to the lactate produced in muscle cells?

Yeast cells with defective mitochondria are incapable of cellular respiration.Catabolism of which of the following energy sources would allow these to grow?