Question 1

-Examine the digestive system structures in the figure.Enzymatic hydrolysis of macromolecules occurs to the highest extent at location(s)

Accepted Answer

A) 3 only. 
B) 4 only. 
C) 1 and 4 only. 
D) 3 and 4 only. 
E) 1,3,and 4 only. 
A) 3 only. 
B) 4 only. 
C) 1 and 4 only. 
D) 3 and 4 only. 
E) 1,3,and 4 only.

Question 2

Scurvy is a disease that results from a vitamin deficiency.Symptoms of scurvy include poor wound healing,bleeding from the gums and skin,loose teeth,and bones that break more easily,all of which are due to abnormal collagen production.A deficiency in what vitamin could result in scurvy?

Accepted Answer

A) vitamin A 
B) vitamin C 
C) vitamin D 
D) vitamin E 
E) vitamin K 
A) vitamin A 
B) vitamin C 
C) vitamin D 
D) vitamin E 
E) vitamin K

Question 3

Pepsin is a digestive enzyme that

Accepted Answer

A) is manufactured by the pancreas. 
B) helps stabilize fat-water emulsions. 
C) splits maltose into monosaccharides. 
D) begins the hydrolysis of proteins in the stomach. 
E) is denatured and rendered inactive in solutions with low pH. 
A) is manufactured by the pancreas. 
B) helps stabilize fat-water emulsions. 
C) splits maltose into monosaccharides. 
D) begins the hydrolysis of proteins in the stomach. 
E) is denatured and rendered inactive in solutions with low pH.

Question 4

Constipation can result from the consumption of a substance that

Accepted Answer

A) contains high quantities of fiber. 
B) promotes water reabsorption in the large intestine. 
C) speeds up movement of material in the large intestine. 
D) decreases water reabsorption in the small intestine. 
E) stimulates peristalsis. 
A) contains high quantities of fiber. 
B) promotes water reabsorption in the large intestine. 
C) speeds up movement of material in the large intestine. 
D) decreases water reabsorption in the small intestine. 
E) stimulates peristalsis.

Question 5

What has been shown to cause gastric ulcers?

Accepted Answer

A) stress 
B) diet 
C) Helicobacter pylori 
D) alcohol 
A) stress 
B) diet 
C) Helicobacter pylori 
D) alcohol

Question 6

Fat digestion yields fatty acids and glycerol.Protein digestion yields amino acids.Both digestive processes

Accepted Answer

A) occur inside cells in most animals. 
B) add a water molecule to break bonds. 
C) require a low pH resulting from HCl production. 
D) consume ATP. 
A) occur inside cells in most animals. 
B) add a water molecule to break bonds. 
C) require a low pH resulting from HCl production. 
D) consume ATP.

Question 7

When the digestion and absorption of organic carbohydrates result in more energy-rich molecules than are immediately required by an animal,the excess is

Accepted Answer

A) eliminated in the feces. 
B) stored as starch in the liver. 
C) stored as glycogen in the liver and muscles. 
D) oxidized and converted to ATP. 
E) hydrolyzed and converted to ADP. 
A) eliminated in the feces. 
B) stored as starch in the liver. 
C) stored as glycogen in the liver and muscles. 
D) oxidized and converted to ATP. 
E) hydrolyzed and converted to ADP.

Question 8

After surgical removal of the gallbladder,a person might need to limit their dietary intake of

Accepted Answer

A) starch. 
B) protein. 
C) sugar. 
D) fat. 
A) starch. 
B) protein. 
C) sugar. 
D) fat.

Question 9

Use the following table showing the contents of a multivitamin supplement and its percentage of recommended daily values (% DV)to answer the following question.
   Figure 33.1
-The most likely reason that some of the vitamins and minerals in this supplement are found at less than 100% is that

Accepted Answer

A) it would be chemically impossible to add more. 
B) these vitamins and minerals are too large in size to reach 100%. 
C) it is dangerous to overdose on fat-soluble vitamins such as A and K,and some minerals are already present in high enough quantities from ingested food. 
D) these supplements are meant for individuals who have been deprived of healthy foods. 
A) it would be chemically impossible to add more. 
B) these vitamins and minerals are too large in size to reach 100%. 
C) it is dangerous to overdose on fat-soluble vitamins such as A and K,and some minerals are already present in high enough quantities from ingested food. 
D) these supplements are meant for individuals who have been deprived of healthy foods.

Question 10

Trypsin is a digestive enzyme that hydrolyzes proteins at the carboxyl terminus of lysine or arginine amino acids.Suppose you added trypsin to a test tube with a protein that contained lysine and arginine amino acids and that the conditions allowed trypsin to be active.What would you expect to observe as the reaction occurred?

Accepted Answer

A) an increase in the protein concentration 
B) a decrease in the water concentration 
C) an increase in the trypsin concentration 
D) a decrease in the lysine concentration 
A) an increase in the protein concentration 
B) a decrease in the water concentration 
C) an increase in the trypsin concentration 
D) a decrease in the lysine concentration

Question 11

A general rule relating the capacity of a specific animal's digestive system to provide adequate access to substrates for biosynthesis of cellular components as well as energy molecules needed for ATP production is that the animal should have access to

Accepted Answer

A) a high-protein,low-carbohydrate diet. 
B) a diet low in lipids and high in protein. 
C) a low-calorie diet with a large intake of fluids,especially water. 
D) a diet that matches needed chemical energy,essential nutrient,and organic molecule building blocks. 
E) a diet that maximizes vitamins and minerals. 
A) a high-protein,low-carbohydrate diet. 
B) a diet low in lipids and high in protein. 
C) a low-calorie diet with a large intake of fluids,especially water. 
D) a diet that matches needed chemical energy,essential nutrient,and organic molecule building blocks. 
E) a diet that maximizes vitamins and minerals.

Question 12

Carbohydrate digestion yields monosaccharides,whereas protein digestion yields amino acids.Both digestive processes

Accepted Answer

A) are catalyzed by the same enzyme. 
B) are types of hydrolysis reactions. 
C) require the presence of hydrochloric acid to lower the pH. 
D) require ATP as an energy source. 
A) are catalyzed by the same enzyme. 
B) are types of hydrolysis reactions. 
C) require the presence of hydrochloric acid to lower the pH. 
D) require ATP as an energy source.

Question 13

Upon activation by stomach acidity,the secretions of the parietal cells

Accepted Answer

A) initiate the digestion of protein in the stomach. 
B) initiate the mechanical digestion of lipids in the stomach. 
C) initiate the chemical digestion of lipids in the stomach. 
D) delay digestion until the food arrives in the small intestine. 
A) initiate the digestion of protein in the stomach. 
B) initiate the mechanical digestion of lipids in the stomach. 
C) initiate the chemical digestion of lipids in the stomach. 
D) delay digestion until the food arrives in the small intestine.

Question 14

What group of animals has relatively long cecums?

Accepted Answer

A) carnivores 
B) herbivores 
C) omnivores 
D) autotrophs 
A) carnivores 
B) herbivores 
C) omnivores 
D) autotrophs

Question 15

Please use the following information to answer the questions below.
Once a person turns 25 years of age,his or her BMR decreases by approximately 2% to 6% every 10 years.This is due to the fact that as you age,muscle mass decreases and fat levels increase.These changes decrease BMR and therefore the amount of calories the body burns at rest.
-If a person wants to stay the same weight between 10-year periods without changing his activity level,what action should he take?

Accepted Answer

A) He needs to raise his daily calorie intake by 2% to 6% every 10 years. 
B) He needs to maintain his daily calorie intake. 
C) He needs to increase his essential amino acid daily intake and decrease his essential fatty acid daily intake. 
D) He needs to maintain his essential vitamin daily intake and increase his daily caloric intake. 
E) He needs to lower his daily calorie intake by the same amount. 
A) He needs to raise his daily calorie intake by 2% to 6% every 10 years. 
B) He needs to maintain his daily calorie intake. 
C) He needs to increase his essential amino acid daily intake and decrease his essential fatty acid daily intake. 
D) He needs to maintain his essential vitamin daily intake and increase his daily caloric intake. 
E) He needs to lower his daily calorie intake by the same amount.

Question 16

Most individuals diagnosed with type 1 diabetes have an increased probability of having inherited the disease from both parents.Additionally,Caucasians have the highest diagnosed rate of type 1 diabetes.What can you conclude from this information?

Accepted Answer

A) Type 1 diabetes risk factors likely influence the risk factors for type 2 diabetes in Caucasians. 
B) Type 1 diabetes is treated most easily in Caucasians. 
C) Type 1 diabetes is easily cured in Caucasians. 
D) Type 1 diabetes risk factors are likely more prevalent in Caucasians than in other races. 
A) Type 1 diabetes risk factors likely influence the risk factors for type 2 diabetes in Caucasians. 
B) Type 1 diabetes is treated most easily in Caucasians. 
C) Type 1 diabetes is easily cured in Caucasians. 
D) Type 1 diabetes risk factors are likely more prevalent in Caucasians than in other races.

Question 17

-Examine the figure above,which shows the proportional diversity of bacteria in the human microbiome.What can you conclude?

Accepted Answer

A) There are more Firmicutes bacterial cells in an adult human than a toddler. 
B) There is a higher proportion of Proteobacteria in an obese adult than a healthy adult. 
C) The diet of an infant does not affect the microbiome of an infant. 
D) A high proportion of Actinobacteria cause people to live past 100 years old. 
A) There are more Firmicutes bacterial cells in an adult human than a toddler. 
B) There is a higher proportion of Proteobacteria in an obese adult than a healthy adult. 
C) The diet of an infant does not affect the microbiome of an infant. 
D) A high proportion of Actinobacteria cause people to live past 100 years old.

Question 18

Obesity in humans is most clearly a contributing risk factor to the development of

Accepted Answer

A) type 1 diabetes and prostate cancer. 
B) type 1 diabetes and breast cancer. 
C) type 2 diabetes and muscle hypertrophy. 
D) type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. 
E) type 2 diabetes and decreased appetite. 
A) type 1 diabetes and prostate cancer. 
B) type 1 diabetes and breast cancer. 
C) type 2 diabetes and muscle hypertrophy. 
D) type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. 
E) type 2 diabetes and decreased appetite.

Question 19

Which vitamin plays a key role in blood clotting?

Accepted Answer

A) vitamin A 
B) vitamin C 
C) vitamin D 
D) vitamin E 
E) vitamin K 
A) vitamin A 
B) vitamin C 
C) vitamin D 
D) vitamin E 
E) vitamin K

Question 20

Identical twins have identical genes.If one twin has type 1 diabetes,the other twin will also have type 1 diabetes approximately 50% of the time.What can you conclude from this information?

Accepted Answer

A) Genes are not the sole reason that individuals acquire type 1 diabetes. 
B) The hereditary factor in type 1 diabetes has not been well studied. 
C) Twins with type 2 diabetes have lower insulin levels than 50% of twins with type 1 diabetes. 
D) Twins with type 2 diabetes have a 50% lower probability of showing sugar in their urine than those with type 1 diabetes. 
A) Genes are not the sole reason that individuals acquire type 1 diabetes. 
B) The hereditary factor in type 1 diabetes has not been well studied. 
C) Twins with type 2 diabetes have lower insulin levels than 50% of twins with type 1 diabetes. 
D) Twins with type 2 diabetes have a 50% lower probability of showing sugar in their urine than those with type 1 diabetes.

Exam 33: Animal Nutrition

-Examine the digestive system structures in the figure.Enzymatic hydrolysis of macromolecules occurs to the highest extent at location(s)

Scurvy is a disease that results from a vitamin deficiency.Symptoms of scurvy include poor wound healing,bleeding from the gums and skin,loose teeth,and bones that break more easily,all of which are due to abnormal collagen production.A deficiency in what vitamin could result in scurvy?

Pepsin is a digestive enzyme that

Constipation can result from the consumption of a substance that

What has been shown to cause gastric ulcers?

Fat digestion yields fatty acids and glycerol.Protein digestion yields amino acids.Both digestive processes

When the digestion and absorption of organic carbohydrates result in more energy-rich molecules than are immediately required by an animal,the excess is

After surgical removal of the gallbladder,a person might need to limit their dietary intake of

Use the following table showing the contents of a multivitamin supplement and its percentage of recommended daily values (% DV)to answer the following question. Figure 33.1 -The most likely reason that some of the vitamins and minerals in this supplement are found at less than 100% is that

A general rule relating the capacity of a specific animal's digestive system to provide adequate access to substrates for biosynthesis of cellular components as well as energy molecules needed for ATP production is that the animal should have access to

Carbohydrate digestion yields monosaccharides,whereas protein digestion yields amino acids.Both digestive processes

Upon activation by stomach acidity,the secretions of the parietal cells

What group of animals has relatively long cecums?

Most individuals diagnosed with type 1 diabetes have an increased probability of having inherited the disease from both parents.Additionally,Caucasians have the highest diagnosed rate of type 1 diabetes.What can you conclude from this information?

-Examine the figure above,which shows the proportional diversity of bacteria in the human microbiome.What can you conclude?

Obesity in humans is most clearly a contributing risk factor to the development of

Which vitamin plays a key role in blood clotting?

Identical twins have identical genes.If one twin has type 1 diabetes,the other twin will also have type 1 diabetes approximately 50% of the time.What can you conclude from this information?

Introduction: Evolution and the Foundations of Biology

The Chemical Context of Life

Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life

A Tour of the Cell

Membrane Transport and Cell Signaling

An Introduction to Metabolism

Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

Photosynthesis

The Cell Cycle

Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles

Mendel and the Gene Idea

The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance

The Molecular Basis of Inheritance

Gene Expression: From Gene to Protein

Regulation of Gene Expression

Development,stem Cells,and Cancer

Viruses

Genomes and Their Evolution

Descent With Modification

Phylogeny

The Evolution of Populations

The Origin of Species

Broad Patterns of Evolution

Early Life and the Diversification of Prokaryotes

The Origin and Diversification of Eukaryotes

The Colonization of Land by Plants and Fungi

The Rise of Animal Diversity

Plant Structure and Growth

Resource Acquisition,nutrition,and Transport in Vascular Plants

Reproduction and Domestication of Flowering Plants

Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals

Homeostasis and Endocrine Signaling

Circulation and Gas Exchange

The Immune System

Reproduction and Development

Neurons,synapses,and Signaling

Nervous and Sensory Systems

Motor Mechanisms and Behavior

Population Ecology and the Distribution of Organisms

Ecological Communities

Ecosystems and Energy

Conservation Biology and Global Change

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