Question 1

Oral rehydration therapy is preferred over intravenous therapy for fluid replacement caused by diarrhea because it

Accepted Answer

A)  is quicker. 
B)  tastes better. 
C)  is more readily available. 
D)  provides electrolytes as well as fluid. 
A)  is quicker. 
B)  tastes better. 
C)  is more readily available. 
D)  provides electrolytes as well as fluid. C

Question 2

An example of a cation is

Accepted Answer

A)  sodium. 
B)  phosphate. 
C)  carbonate. 
D)  sulfate. 
A)  sodium. 
B)  phosphate. 
C)  carbonate. 
D)  sulfate. A

Question 3

Cations primarily responsible for controlling body water distribution are

Accepted Answer

A)  sodium and chloride. 
B)  calcium and phosphorus. 
C)  sodium and potassium. 
D)  sodium and bicarbonate. 
A)  sodium and chloride. 
B)  calcium and phosphorus. 
C)  sodium and potassium. 
D)  sodium and bicarbonate. C

Question 4

The term extracellular fluid includes

Accepted Answer

A)  plasma and tissue secretions. 
B)  plasma and fluid inside cells. 
C)  fluid surrounding cells and in beverages. 
D)  fluid surrounding cells and fluid inside cells. 
A)  plasma and tissue secretions. 
B)  plasma and fluid inside cells. 
C)  fluid surrounding cells and in beverages. 
D)  fluid surrounding cells and fluid inside cells.

Question 5

For osmosis to occur there must be

Accepted Answer

A)  a semipermeable membrane. 
B)  cations and anions. 
C)  membrane channels. 
D)  hormonal control. 
A)  a semipermeable membrane. 
B)  cations and anions. 
C)  membrane channels. 
D)  hormonal control.

Question 6

An example of an electrolyte is

Accepted Answer

A)  glucose. 
B)  iron. 
C)  potassium. 
D)  carbon dioxide. 
A)  glucose. 
B)  iron. 
C)  potassium. 
D)  carbon dioxide.

Question 7

Plasma proteins and electrolytes are examples of solutes

Accepted Answer

A)  filtered from the plasma by the kidneys. 
B)  found in body fluids that influence the movement of water. 
C)  released into the plasma by the liver. 
D)  recycled by the mucosa during digestion. 
A)  filtered from the plasma by the kidneys. 
B)  found in body fluids that influence the movement of water. 
C)  released into the plasma by the liver. 
D)  recycled by the mucosa during digestion.

Question 8

Water formed from metabolism comes from

Accepted Answer

A)  that which is contained in foods. 
B)  moving from compartment to compartment. 
C)  what is absorbed from gastrointestinal secretions. 
D)  the oxidation of nutrients in the cells. 
A)  that which is contained in foods. 
B)  moving from compartment to compartment. 
C)  what is absorbed from gastrointestinal secretions. 
D)  the oxidation of nutrients in the cells.

Question 9

The ways in which water and solutes move across membranes include

Accepted Answer

A)  diffusion and filtration. 
B)  capillary action and circulation. 
C)  peristalsis and contraction. 
D)  conduction and pulsation. 
A)  diffusion and filtration. 
B)  capillary action and circulation. 
C)  peristalsis and contraction. 
D)  conduction and pulsation.

Question 10

The electrolyte present in the most abundance in gastric digestive fluids is

Accepted Answer

A)  chloride. 
B)  potassium. 
C)  sodium. 
D)  bicarbonate. 
A)  chloride. 
B)  potassium. 
C)  sodium. 
D)  bicarbonate.

Question 11

Treatment for diarrhea in children is to

Accepted Answer

A)  withhold oral intake and immediately begin intravenous fluids until diarrhea stops. 
B)  sponge with an electrolyte solution of sodium, potassium, and sugar. 
C)  give an age-appropriate diet along with oral fluids that contain sodium, potassium, sugar, and sodium bicarbonate. 
D)  administer the BRAT (bananas, rice, applesauce, and tea) diet. 
A)  withhold oral intake and immediately begin intravenous fluids until diarrhea stops. 
B)  sponge with an electrolyte solution of sodium, potassium, and sugar. 
C)  give an age-appropriate diet along with oral fluids that contain sodium, potassium, sugar, and sodium bicarbonate. 
D)  administer the BRAT (bananas, rice, applesauce, and tea) diet.

Question 12

The term used to denote concentration of electrolytes in a given volume is

Accepted Answer

A)  valence. 
B)  colloidal osmotic pressure. 
C)  pH. 
D)  milliequivalent. 
A)  valence. 
B)  colloidal osmotic pressure. 
C)  pH. 
D)  milliequivalent.

Question 13

The organic molecule responsible for creating colloidal osmotic pressure is

Accepted Answer

A)  glucose. 
B)  an electrolyte. 
C)  protein. 
D)  sodium. 
A)  glucose. 
B)  an electrolyte. 
C)  protein. 
D)  sodium.

Question 14

The kidneys must excrete water in the urine because

Accepted Answer

A)  the body needs to get rid of the ingested water. 
B)  water provides the vehicle for excretion of waste products. 
C)  they physiologically cannot retain all the water. 
D)  hormones ensure that a maximal amount of water is retained by the body. 
A)  the body needs to get rid of the ingested water. 
B)  water provides the vehicle for excretion of waste products. 
C)  they physiologically cannot retain all the water. 
D)  hormones ensure that a maximal amount of water is retained by the body.

Question 15

A basic mechanism for maintaining body hydration is

Accepted Answer

A)  thirst. 
B)  electrolyte balance. 
C)  acid-base balance. 
D)  activity level. 
A)  thirst. 
B)  electrolyte balance. 
C)  acid-base balance. 
D)  activity level.

Question 16

Plasma proteins maintain colloidal osmotic pressure because

Accepted Answer

A)  they are large molecules. 
B)  proteins are not found in the cells. 
C)  proteins are positively charged. 
D)  they contain water as part of their structure. 
A)  they are large molecules. 
B)  proteins are not found in the cells. 
C)  proteins are positively charged. 
D)  they contain water as part of their structure.

Question 17

A person is most likely to have a high body water content if he or she is

Accepted Answer

A)  overweight. 
B)  underweight. 
C)  a bodybuilder. 
D)  sedentary. 
A)  overweight. 
B)  underweight. 
C)  a bodybuilder. 
D)  sedentary.

Question 18

The hormone responsible for promoting conservation of sodium in the kidney is

Accepted Answer

A)  aldosterone. 
B)  the antidiuretic hormone. 
C)  angiotensin. 
D)  renin. 
A)  aldosterone. 
B)  the antidiuretic hormone. 
C)  angiotensin. 
D)  renin.

Question 19

The kidneys clean the blood by

Accepted Answer

A)  osmosis. 
B)  filtration. 
C)  active transport. 
D)  diffusion. 
A)  osmosis. 
B)  filtration. 
C)  active transport. 
D)  diffusion.

Question 20

What is the predominant regulator of circulating blood volume?

Accepted Answer

A)  Blood pressure 
B)  Plasma proteins 
C)  Water intake 
D)  Hormones 
A)  Blood pressure 
B)  Plasma proteins 
C)  Water intake 
D)  Hormones

Exam 9: Water and Electrolyte Balance

Oral rehydration therapy is preferred over intravenous therapy for fluid replacement caused by diarrhea because it

An example of a cation is

Cations primarily responsible for controlling body water distribution are

The term extracellular fluid includes

For osmosis to occur there must be

An example of an electrolyte is

Plasma proteins and electrolytes are examples of solutes

Water formed from metabolism comes from

The ways in which water and solutes move across membranes include

The electrolyte present in the most abundance in gastric digestive fluids is

Treatment for diarrhea in children is to

The term used to denote concentration of electrolytes in a given volume is

The organic molecule responsible for creating colloidal osmotic pressure is

The kidneys must excrete water in the urine because

A basic mechanism for maintaining body hydration is

Plasma proteins maintain colloidal osmotic pressure because

A person is most likely to have a high body water content if he or she is

The hormone responsible for promoting conservation of sodium in the kidney is

The kidneys clean the blood by

What is the predominant regulator of circulating blood volume?

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