Question 1

What was the effect of the Great Railroad Strike of 1877?

Accepted Answer

A)  It demonstrated that immigrants, especially those from China, had reached such numbers that they were becoming highly influential in compromising with executives to meet their needs. 
B)  It won higher wages for railroad workers due to the participants' persistence and the sympathy of influential individuals who had followed the events in the newspapers. 
C)  It was the last nationwide labor uprising because it convinced other workers that such events were fruitless and that the government did not care enough even to send troops. 
D)  It revealed how polarizing the relationship between the working poor and executives had become and ended when the workers, who lacked organized bargaining power, returned to work. 
E)  It was not taken seriously because only white working men participated, having failed to convince the large numbers of women and minority laborers to join the protesters. 
A)  It demonstrated that immigrants, especially those from China, had reached such numbers that they were becoming highly influential in compromising with executives to meet their needs. 
B)  It won higher wages for railroad workers due to the participants' persistence and the sympathy of influential individuals who had followed the events in the newspapers. 
C)  It was the last nationwide labor uprising because it convinced other workers that such events were fruitless and that the government did not care enough even to send troops. 
D)  It revealed how polarizing the relationship between the working poor and executives had become and ended when the workers, who lacked organized bargaining power, returned to work. 
E)  It was not taken seriously because only white working men participated, having failed to convince the large numbers of women and minority laborers to join the protesters. D

Question 2

Like the AFL, the Knights of Labor admitted only skilled workers.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  False

Question 3

The railroad merged transportation and communication in that it paralleled a network of telegraph poles.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  True

Question 4

What was the Haymarket Riot of 1886?

Accepted Answer

A)  It was a fight for child labor rights started by the Knights of Labor and, because so many people were sympathetic toward children, improved public opinion of unions in general for years to come. 
B)  It was an insurrection led by miners that evolved into a productive meeting between workers and management, ushering in an era of improved relations in industries across the nation. 
C)  It was a days-long demonstration for railroad workers' rights that angered the government, but because it remained peaceful in nature, none of the events' leaders
Could be prosecuted. 
D)  Occurring amid a strike in favor of the eight-hour workday, it was what journalists called America's first terrorist bombing and was blamed on anarchist leaders despite a lack of evidence. 
E)  Primarily a demonstration for African American rights in the workplace, it resulted in government officials emerging as martyr figures, as several of them got hurt trying to stop the demonstrators. 
A)  It was a fight for child labor rights started by the Knights of Labor and, because so many people were sympathetic toward children, improved public opinion of unions in general for years to come. 
B)  It was an insurrection led by miners that evolved into a productive meeting between workers and management, ushering in an era of improved relations in industries across the nation. 
C)  It was a days-long demonstration for railroad workers' rights that angered the government, but because it remained peaceful in nature, none of the events' leaders
Could be prosecuted. 
D)  Occurring amid a strike in favor of the eight-hour workday, it was what journalists called America's first terrorist bombing and was blamed on anarchist leaders despite a lack of evidence. 
E)  Primarily a demonstration for African American rights in the workplace, it resulted in government officials emerging as martyr figures, as several of them got hurt trying to stop the demonstrators.

Question 5

Which of the following statements accurately describes the National Labor Union?

Accepted Answer

A)  It developed in response to and was helped by the decreasing power and size of corporations. 
B)  It opposed reforms such as cooperatives and equal rights for women and blacks. 
C)  It opposed the printing of paper money to inflate the currency and thereby relieve debtors. 
D)  It was influential in getting Congress to enact an eight-hour workday for federal employees. 
E)  It was less concerned with political and social problems than with bargaining with employers. 
A)  It developed in response to and was helped by the decreasing power and size of corporations. 
B)  It opposed reforms such as cooperatives and equal rights for women and blacks. 
C)  It opposed the printing of paper money to inflate the currency and thereby relieve debtors. 
D)  It was influential in getting Congress to enact an eight-hour workday for federal employees. 
E)  It was less concerned with political and social problems than with bargaining with employers.

Question 6

Match each description with the item below.
-Andrew Carnegie

Accepted Answer

A) organized a week-long march of child workers from Pennsylvania to President Theodore Roosevelt's home in New York 
B) maintained his commitment to high tariffs after the war despite concerns that they would increase consumer prices 
C) led the Knights of Labor and emphasized the strategy of winning political control of the areas around unions 
D) wrote the essay "The Gospel of Wealth," which held that with great wealth came great responsibility 
E) met to form the Industrial Workers of the World but withdrew and went on to become a presidential candidate of the Socialist Party of America
F)was the head of the National Labor Union who died suddenly in 1869, resulting in its support declining
G)organized the Workingmen's Party of California and blasted railroad barons for exploiting the poor
H)invented the telephone, which would become the most valuable patent ever issued
I)convinced middle-class women to enter the so-called real world by engaging in social work 
A) organized a week-long march of child workers from Pennsylvania to President Theodore Roosevelt's home in New York 
B) maintained his commitment to high tariffs after the war despite concerns that they would increase consumer prices 
C) led the Knights of Labor and emphasized the strategy of winning political control of the areas around unions 
D) wrote the essay "The Gospel of Wealth," which held that with great wealth came great responsibility 
E) met to form the Industrial Workers of the World but withdrew and went on to become a presidential candidate of the Socialist Party of America
F)was the head of the National Labor Union who died suddenly in 1869, resulting in its support declining
G)organized the Workingmen's Party of California and blasted railroad barons for exploiting the poor
H)invented the telephone, which would become the most valuable patent ever issued
I)convinced middle-class women to enter the so-called real world by engaging in social work

Question 7

Sears, Roebuck and Company was a pioneer in

Accepted Answer

A)  selling goods by mail order, thereby helping transform rural towns. 
B)  opening a chain of grocery stores across the United States. 
C)  incorporating far more middlemen in the retail process. 
D)  providing electric power for New York City. 
E)  selling luxury items to the social elite. 
A)  selling goods by mail order, thereby helping transform rural towns. 
B)  opening a chain of grocery stores across the United States. 
C)  incorporating far more middlemen in the retail process. 
D)  providing electric power for New York City. 
E)  selling luxury items to the social elite.

Question 8

Assess the efforts of workers to organize unions to promote their interests during this era.

Accepted Answer

During this era, workers made significan

Question 9

By the 1880s, most states had outlawed child labor.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

Compare the aims and achievements of the Knights of Labor, the American Federation of Labor, and the Industrial Workers of the World. What common ground do they share? What factors help explain their differences?

Accepted Answer

The Knights of Labor, the American Feder

Question 11

Which of the following statements describes the experiences of industrial workers in Gilded Age America?

Accepted Answer

A)  Real wages fell because of rising prices. 
B)  A forty-hour workweek was the standard. 
C)  Government regulations provided a safe work environment. 
D)  Working and living conditions remained dangerous. 
E)  Forging a work permit for children was seen as taboo. 
A)  Real wages fell because of rising prices. 
B)  A forty-hour workweek was the standard. 
C)  Government regulations provided a safe work environment. 
D)  Working and living conditions remained dangerous. 
E)  Forging a work permit for children was seen as taboo.

Question 12

Which of the following statements accurately describes child labor in Gilded Age America?

Accepted Answer

A)  Child laborers tended to go to work against the will of their parents. 
B)  Child laborers often received an education funded by their employers. 
C)  Child laborers suffered many more accidents relative to adult workers. 
D)  Child labor laws at the federal and state levels regulated how long children could work per week. 
E)  Child laborers were hurt more often in farm roles than industrial roles. 
A)  Child laborers tended to go to work against the will of their parents. 
B)  Child laborers often received an education funded by their employers. 
C)  Child laborers suffered many more accidents relative to adult workers. 
D)  Child labor laws at the federal and state levels regulated how long children could work per week. 
E)  Child laborers were hurt more often in farm roles than industrial roles.

Question 13

What was the first industry to contract with "investment banks" to raise capital by selling shares of stock to investors?

Accepted Answer

A)  the electric motor industry 
B)  the railroad industry 
C)  the oil industry 
D)  the agriculture industry 
E)  the textile industry 
A)  the electric motor industry 
B)  the railroad industry 
C)  the oil industry 
D)  the agriculture industry 
E)  the textile industry

Question 14

J. P. Morgan was born in poverty but became a wealthy man through hard work, unlike Carnegie and Rockefeller.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

What was one of the downsides of the state of the railroad industry?

Accepted Answer

A)  As the railroad industry was in a state of decline, companies rarely hired many employees and instead relied on intense animal labor. 
B)  As the railroad industry was in a state of decline, there were not enough supplies or a process in place for moving employees from one part of the country to another. 
C)  As the railroad industry was, for a time, experiencing a boom, successful companies tended to refuse to engage in lobbying and, thus, missed the chance to form relationships in Washington. 
D)  As the railroad industry was experiencing a boom, companies often cared more about money than preventing dangerous work conditions for their laborers. 
E)  As the railroad industry was experiencing a boom, not nearly enough railroads were built to meet the public demand, and other competing transportation technologies sprang up in the meantime. 
A)  As the railroad industry was in a state of decline, companies rarely hired many employees and instead relied on intense animal labor. 
B)  As the railroad industry was in a state of decline, there were not enough supplies or a process in place for moving employees from one part of the country to another. 
C)  As the railroad industry was, for a time, experiencing a boom, successful companies tended to refuse to engage in lobbying and, thus, missed the chance to form relationships in Washington. 
D)  As the railroad industry was experiencing a boom, companies often cared more about money than preventing dangerous work conditions for their laborers. 
E)  As the railroad industry was experiencing a boom, not nearly enough railroads were built to meet the public demand, and other competing transportation technologies sprang up in the meantime.

Question 16

The Haymarket Riot helped grow the membership of the Knights of Labor.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

Describe Andrew Carnegie's philosophy concerning Big Business growth and how this reflected the perspective of some Americans. Why are the views of this single individual so significant to understanding late-nineteenth-century American economic history?

Accepted Answer

Andrew Carnegie's philosophy concerning

Question 18

Anarchists oppose all forms of government.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

The Sand-Lot Incident in San Francisco in 1877 was an attack against Chinese immigrants.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

How did unions often fare in organizing labor around the years 1860-1900?

Accepted Answer

A)  Conditions were so terrible in the various work environments that unions experienced no trouble with recruiting members, growing unimpeded. 
B)  A defining principle of unions was that they refused to engage in violence of any sort, so they had a difficult time getting through to executives. 
C)  Immigrants from many different ethnic groups were far more likely to join unions than white Americans. 
D)  Unions faced significant obstacles, such as the so-called blacklisting of union organizers to keep them from getting hired. 
E)  Only middle-class Americans had the means to join unions, which resulted in the exclusion of the working poor. 
A)  Conditions were so terrible in the various work environments that unions experienced no trouble with recruiting members, growing unimpeded. 
B)  A defining principle of unions was that they refused to engage in violence of any sort, so they had a difficult time getting through to executives. 
C)  Immigrants from many different ethnic groups were far more likely to join unions than white Americans. 
D)  Unions faced significant obstacles, such as the so-called blacklisting of union organizers to keep them from getting hired. 
E)  Only middle-class Americans had the means to join unions, which resulted in the exclusion of the working poor.

Exam 17: Business and Labor in the Industrial Era

What was the effect of the Great Railroad Strike of 1877?

Like the AFL, the Knights of Labor admitted only skilled workers.

The railroad merged transportation and communication in that it paralleled a network of telegraph poles.

What was the Haymarket Riot of 1886?

Which of the following statements accurately describes the National Labor Union?

Match each description with the item below. -Andrew Carnegie

Sears, Roebuck and Company was a pioneer in

Assess the efforts of workers to organize unions to promote their interests during this era.

By the 1880s, most states had outlawed child labor.

Compare the aims and achievements of the Knights of Labor, the American Federation of Labor, and the Industrial Workers of the World. What common ground do they share? What factors help explain their differences?

Which of the following statements describes the experiences of industrial workers in Gilded Age America?

Which of the following statements accurately describes child labor in Gilded Age America?

What was the first industry to contract with "investment banks" to raise capital by selling shares of stock to investors?

J. P. Morgan was born in poverty but became a wealthy man through hard work, unlike Carnegie and Rockefeller.

What was one of the downsides of the state of the railroad industry?

The Haymarket Riot helped grow the membership of the Knights of Labor.

Describe Andrew Carnegie's philosophy concerning Big Business growth and how this reflected the perspective of some Americans. Why are the views of this single individual so significant to understanding late-nineteenth-century American economic history?

Anarchists oppose all forms of government.

The Sand-Lot Incident in San Francisco in 1877 was an attack against Chinese immigrants.

How did unions often fare in organizing labor around the years 1860-1900?

The Collision of Cultures

Englands Colonies

Colonial Ways of Life

From Colonies to States

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Strengthening the New Nation

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Nationalism and Sectionalism

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The South

Religion

Western Expansion

The Gathering Storm

The War of the Union

The Era of Reconstruction

The New South and the New West

Political Stalemate and Rural Revolt

Seizing an American Empire

The Progressive Era

America and the Great War

A Clash of Cultures

The Reactionary Twenties

The Great Depression

The Second World War

The Cold War and the Fair Deal

Cold War America

A New Frontier and a Great Society

Rebellion and Reaction

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