Question 1

What was the main idea at the center of what became known as reform Darwinism?

Accepted Answer

A)  Humans, like animals, lack minds capable of bringing social change on their own. 
B)  The government should remain uninvolved in both education and social work. 
C)  Cooperation, rather than competition, would best promote human progress. 
D)  The possibility of reform rests entirely with evolutionary forces. 
E)  For society to truly reform, any "imitation" of welfare must cease. 
A)  Humans, like animals, lack minds capable of bringing social change on their own. 
B)  The government should remain uninvolved in both education and social work. 
C)  Cooperation, rather than competition, would best promote human progress. 
D)  The possibility of reform rests entirely with evolutionary forces. 
E)  For society to truly reform, any "imitation" of welfare must cease. C

Question 2

Which of the following is true of William Graham Sumner?

Accepted Answer

A)  He established one of the many pillars of the progressive movement during the late nineteenth century. 
B)  He was one of the most outspoken opponents of Darwinism in America and refused to apply it to social institutions. 
C)  He argued in his book Folkways that it was a mistake for the government to promote equality as it went against "survival of the fittest." 
D)  He was a government employee who, like Darwin, focused on the role of the human brain in shaping social change. 
E)  He was one of the most important realist writers in that he focused on the sentimental and worshipped nature. 
A)  He established one of the many pillars of the progressive movement during the late nineteenth century. 
B)  He was one of the most outspoken opponents of Darwinism in America and refused to apply it to social institutions. 
C)  He argued in his book Folkways that it was a mistake for the government to promote equality as it went against "survival of the fittest." 
D)  He was a government employee who, like Darwin, focused on the role of the human brain in shaping social change. 
E)  He was one of the most important realist writers in that he focused on the sentimental and worshipped nature. C

Question 3

Describe the relationship among urbanization, immigration, and boss politics. In what ways did all three grow simultaneously and influence one another?

Accepted Answer

Urbanization, immigration, and boss politics are all interconnected and have influenced each other in significant ways.

Urbanization, the process of people moving from rural areas to cities, often coincided with high levels of immigration as people from other countries sought economic opportunities in urban centers. This influx of immigrants contributed to the growth of cities and the development of diverse urban communities.

Boss politics, a system of political control in which a single political party or leader holds significant power and influence, often emerged in response to the rapid urbanization and immigration. Political bosses often relied on the support of immigrant communities, providing them with jobs, housing, and other forms of assistance in exchange for political loyalty and votes.

In turn, the presence of political bosses and their control over urban areas influenced the patterns of immigration and urbanization. Immigrants often settled in areas where political bosses held sway, seeking the support and protection they offered. This concentration of immigrant communities in specific urban neighborhoods further fueled the power of political bosses, as they could leverage their influence over these communities for political gain.

Overall, the simultaneous growth of urbanization, immigration, and boss politics created a complex and interconnected dynamic in which each factor influenced and shaped the others. The influx of immigrants and the growth of cities provided the conditions for the rise of political bosses, while the power of political bosses in urban areas influenced the patterns of immigration and urbanization. This interplay between these three factors has had a lasting impact on the social, economic, and political landscape of many urban areas.

Question 4

Which of the following is true of Herbert Spencer?

Accepted Answer

A)  He coined the phrase "survival of the fittest" and held ideas at odds with those of Charles Darwin. 
B)  He believed evolutionary processes were completely separate from human social institutions. 
C)  He strongly disagreed with the idea of a laissez-faire government and tried to move away from it. 
D)  He was a renowned philanthropist and helped transform New York City into a welfare state. 
E)  He is famous for having co-written On the Origin of Species with Charles Darwin. 
A)  He coined the phrase "survival of the fittest" and held ideas at odds with those of Charles Darwin. 
B)  He believed evolutionary processes were completely separate from human social institutions. 
C)  He strongly disagreed with the idea of a laissez-faire government and tried to move away from it. 
D)  He was a renowned philanthropist and helped transform New York City into a welfare state. 
E)  He is famous for having co-written On the Origin of Species with Charles Darwin.

Question 5

How did farmers respond to the economic and political challenges of the last few decades of the nineteenth century? As part of your response, be sure to address how this response may have changed between the 1870s and 1890s.

Accepted Answer

Farmers responded to the economic and po

Question 6

A believer in Social Darwinism would agree with which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  an income tax that burdened the wealthy more than the poor and used those proceeds to sponsor food banks and homeless shelters 
B)  sanitation and housing regulations paid for by tax revenue and enforced strictly by the federal government 
C)  a "hands-off" government policy in regard to business intended to protect a free, competitive marketplace 
D)  laws like the Sherman Anti-Trust Act meant to eliminate monopolies and, thus, allow a greater variety of people to rise to the top 
E)  legislation that protected the right of labor unions to organize and bargain with management 
A)  an income tax that burdened the wealthy more than the poor and used those proceeds to sponsor food banks and homeless shelters 
B)  sanitation and housing regulations paid for by tax revenue and enforced strictly by the federal government 
C)  a "hands-off" government policy in regard to business intended to protect a free, competitive marketplace 
D)  laws like the Sherman Anti-Trust Act meant to eliminate monopolies and, thus, allow a greater variety of people to rise to the top 
E)  legislation that protected the right of labor unions to organize and bargain with management

Question 7

The Interstate Commerce Commission (ICC) was the first federal agency designed to regulate business.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

Middle- and upper-class families in streetcar suburbs spent much of their leisure time

Accepted Answer

A)  together at home playing games or reading books. 
B)  socializing in saloons. 
C)  attending vaudeville shows. 
D)  traveling out West. 
E)  helping those in poverty. 
A)  together at home playing games or reading books. 
B)  socializing in saloons. 
C)  attending vaudeville shows. 
D)  traveling out West. 
E)  helping those in poverty.

Question 9

Who were the "new immigrants" of the late nineteenth century? How were they viewed by American society?

Accepted Answer

The "new immigrants" of the late ninetee

Question 10

Between 1865 and 1900, the urban population of the United States dramatically increased.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

Mugwumps were centered in

Accepted Answer

A)  the land grant colleges across the country. 
B)  the agricultural colleges of the South. 
C)  the Far West and major universities. 
D)  the Midwest and small colleges. 
E)  large cities and major universities in the Northeast. 
A)  the land grant colleges across the country. 
B)  the agricultural colleges of the South. 
C)  the Far West and major universities. 
D)  the Midwest and small colleges. 
E)  large cities and major universities in the Northeast.

Question 12

In the election of 1892, what political party emerged to champion the interests of rural Americans in the South and West?

Accepted Answer

A)  the Farmers' Alliance 
B)  Democrats 
C)  the People's party 
D)  Republicans 
E)  the Greenback party 
A)  the Farmers' Alliance 
B)  Democrats 
C)  the People's party 
D)  Republicans 
E)  the Greenback party

Question 13

Over the two decades following the election of 1896, a more diverse coalition of Democrats and Republicans who would call themselves "progressives" emerged.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

Match each description with the item below.
-Oliver H. Kelley

Accepted Answer

A) was a government employee who had worked his way out of poverty and became chief spokesperson for reform Darwinism 
B) wrote On the Origin of Species and demonstrated the impact of the concept known as "natural selection" 
C) was inaugurated as president at a time of economic recovery in part due to inflation following a depression 
D) was a New York City painter known for his "spectatorial sensibility," observing the lives of others on the street and through windows 
E) was a president who supported the Half-Breeds, gave an inaugural address passionately defending civil rights, and opposed labor unions and the women's vote
F)was a fiery, evangelical moralist who believed that allowing the masses to become prosperous would benefit every class
G)distanced himself as president from the Stalwarts, surprised many by becoming a civil service reformer, and contracted a kidney disease while in office
H)led march on Washington, D.C., to demand that the federal government provide jobs for the unemployed
I)was part of the Department of Agriculture and founded the Grange following a tour of the southern United States
J)was an attorney and charismatic speaker for the farm protest movement who believed the two political parties were dishonest 
A) was a government employee who had worked his way out of poverty and became chief spokesperson for reform Darwinism 
B) wrote On the Origin of Species and demonstrated the impact of the concept known as "natural selection" 
C) was inaugurated as president at a time of economic recovery in part due to inflation following a depression 
D) was a New York City painter known for his "spectatorial sensibility," observing the lives of others on the street and through windows 
E) was a president who supported the Half-Breeds, gave an inaugural address passionately defending civil rights, and opposed labor unions and the women's vote
F)was a fiery, evangelical moralist who believed that allowing the masses to become prosperous would benefit every class
G)distanced himself as president from the Stalwarts, surprised many by becoming a civil service reformer, and contracted a kidney disease while in office
H)led march on Washington, D.C., to demand that the federal government provide jobs for the unemployed
I)was part of the Department of Agriculture and founded the Grange following a tour of the southern United States
J)was an attorney and charismatic speaker for the farm protest movement who believed the two political parties were dishonest

Question 15

One of the biggest problems farmers faced was falling commodity prices, caused in part by overproduction.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

What was the American Protective Association?

Accepted Answer

A)  It was a group of pharmaceutical companies that began a sanitation campaign in New York City. 
B)  It was an anti-Semitic organization operating in the Deep South as part of the Republican party. 
C)  It was a secret organization whose members pledged never to employ or vote for a Roman Catholic. 
D)  It was a military group that campaigned for a stronger navy from its base in the Northeast. 
E)  It was a group of immigrants from southern and eastern Europe who fought for liberal policies. 
A)  It was a group of pharmaceutical companies that began a sanitation campaign in New York City. 
B)  It was an anti-Semitic organization operating in the Deep South as part of the Republican party. 
C)  It was a secret organization whose members pledged never to employ or vote for a Roman Catholic. 
D)  It was a military group that campaigned for a stronger navy from its base in the Northeast. 
E)  It was a group of immigrants from southern and eastern Europe who fought for liberal policies.

Question 17

The People's party (the Populists) supported which candidate in the election of 1896?

Accepted Answer

A)  William McKinley 
B)  William Jennings Bryan 
C)  James Weaver 
D)  Benjamin Harrison 
E)  Theodore Roosevelt 
A)  William McKinley 
B)  William Jennings Bryan 
C)  James Weaver 
D)  Benjamin Harrison 
E)  Theodore Roosevelt

Question 18

Match each description with the item below.
-James
A. Garfield

Accepted Answer

A) was a government employee who had worked his way out of poverty and became chief spokesperson for reform Darwinism 
B) wrote On the Origin of Species and demonstrated the impact of the concept known as "natural selection" 
C) was inaugurated as president at a time of economic recovery in part due to inflation following a depression 
D) was a New York City painter known for his "spectatorial sensibility," observing the lives of others on the street and through windows 
E) was a president who supported the Half-Breeds, gave an inaugural address passionately defending civil rights, and opposed labor unions and the women's vote
F)was a fiery, evangelical moralist who believed that allowing the masses to become prosperous would benefit every class
G)distanced himself as president from the Stalwarts, surprised many by becoming a civil service reformer, and contracted a kidney disease while in office
H)led march on Washington, D.C., to demand that the federal government provide jobs for the unemployed
I)was part of the Department of Agriculture and founded the Grange following a tour of the southern United States
J)was an attorney and charismatic speaker for the farm protest movement who believed the two political parties were dishonest 
A) was a government employee who had worked his way out of poverty and became chief spokesperson for reform Darwinism 
B) wrote On the Origin of Species and demonstrated the impact of the concept known as "natural selection" 
C) was inaugurated as president at a time of economic recovery in part due to inflation following a depression 
D) was a New York City painter known for his "spectatorial sensibility," observing the lives of others on the street and through windows 
E) was a president who supported the Half-Breeds, gave an inaugural address passionately defending civil rights, and opposed labor unions and the women's vote
F)was a fiery, evangelical moralist who believed that allowing the masses to become prosperous would benefit every class
G)distanced himself as president from the Stalwarts, surprised many by becoming a civil service reformer, and contracted a kidney disease while in office
H)led march on Washington, D.C., to demand that the federal government provide jobs for the unemployed
I)was part of the Department of Agriculture and founded the Grange following a tour of the southern United States
J)was an attorney and charismatic speaker for the farm protest movement who believed the two political parties were dishonest

Question 19

The scientific spirit of the Gilded Age influenced the approach of realist artists.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

Who was Mary Elizabeth Lease?

Accepted Answer

A)  the initial founder of the Patrons of Husbandry who ensured the passage of the subtreasury plan 
B)  an aristocrat who started a feminist movement when she was denied the ability to study law 
C)  a fiery speaker for the farm protest movement who viewed eastern financiers as the enemy 
D)  the writer who crafted the 1892 Omaha platform for the People's party 
E)  the lone female leader in the Stalwart movement who helped win the group the support of women 
A)  the initial founder of the Patrons of Husbandry who ensured the passage of the subtreasury plan 
B)  an aristocrat who started a feminist movement when she was denied the ability to study law 
C)  a fiery speaker for the farm protest movement who viewed eastern financiers as the enemy 
D)  the writer who crafted the 1892 Omaha platform for the People's party 
E)  the lone female leader in the Stalwart movement who helped win the group the support of women

Exam 19: Political Stalemate and Rural Revolt

What was the main idea at the center of what became known as reform Darwinism?

Which of the following is true of William Graham Sumner?

Describe the relationship among urbanization, immigration, and boss politics. In what ways did all three grow simultaneously and influence one another?

Which of the following is true of Herbert Spencer?

How did farmers respond to the economic and political challenges of the last few decades of the nineteenth century? As part of your response, be sure to address how this response may have changed between the 1870s and 1890s.

A believer in Social Darwinism would agree with which of the following?

The Interstate Commerce Commission (ICC) was the first federal agency designed to regulate business.

Middle- and upper-class families in streetcar suburbs spent much of their leisure time

Who were the "new immigrants" of the late nineteenth century? How were they viewed by American society?

Between 1865 and 1900, the urban population of the United States dramatically increased.

Mugwumps were centered in

In the election of 1892, what political party emerged to champion the interests of rural Americans in the South and West?

Over the two decades following the election of 1896, a more diverse coalition of Democrats and Republicans who would call themselves "progressives" emerged.

Match each description with the item below. -Oliver H. Kelley

One of the biggest problems farmers faced was falling commodity prices, caused in part by overproduction.

What was the American Protective Association?

The People's party (the Populists) supported which candidate in the election of 1896?

Match each description with the item below. -James A. Garfield

The scientific spirit of the Gilded Age influenced the approach of realist artists.

Who was Mary Elizabeth Lease?

The Collision of Cultures

Englands Colonies

Colonial Ways of Life

From Colonies to States

The American Revolution

Strengthening the New Nation

The Early Republic

The Emergence of a Market Economy

Nationalism and Sectionalism

The Jacksonian Era

The South

Religion

Western Expansion

The Gathering Storm

The War of the Union

The Era of Reconstruction

Business and Labor in the Industrial Era

The New South and the New West

Seizing an American Empire

The Progressive Era

America and the Great War

A Clash of Cultures

The Reactionary Twenties

The Great Depression

The Second World War

The Cold War and the Fair Deal

Cold War America

A New Frontier and a Great Society

Rebellion and Reaction

Conservative Revival

Twenty-First Century America

Filters