Question 1

Which of the following is a function of the cytoskeleton?

Accepted Answer

A)  digest worn out cell parts 
B)  anchors organelles in place within a cell 
C)  directs the synthesis of proteins 
D)  stores calcium in muscle tissue 
E)  prepares proteins for export out of the cell 
A)  digest worn out cell parts 
B)  anchors organelles in place within a cell 
C)  directs the synthesis of proteins 
D)  stores calcium in muscle tissue 
E)  prepares proteins for export out of the cell

Question 2

In a certain group of people, males are more subject to respiratory infections and are sterile. The most likely explanation for this disease is malfunctioning

Accepted Answer

A)  lysosomes. 
B)  intermediate filaments. 
C)  actin filaments. 
D)  rough endoplasmic reticulum. 
E)  cilia and flagella. 
A)  lysosomes. 
B)  intermediate filaments. 
C)  actin filaments. 
D)  rough endoplasmic reticulum. 
E)  cilia and flagella.

Question 3

In plants, chloroplasts are necessary for

Accepted Answer

A)  respiration. 
B)  secretion. 
C)  photosynthesis. 
D)  storage. 
E)  cell movement. 
A)  respiration. 
B)  secretion. 
C)  photosynthesis. 
D)  storage. 
E)  cell movement.

Question 4

If the chloroplast is the result of endosymbiosis, which membrane of the chloroplast represents the plasma membrane of the original prokaryote?

Accepted Answer

A)  the outer chloroplast membrane 
B)  the inner chloroplast membrane 
C)  crista 
D)  thylakoid membrane 
E)  granum 
A)  the outer chloroplast membrane 
B)  the inner chloroplast membrane 
C)  crista 
D)  thylakoid membrane 
E)  granum

Question 5

List the key similarities and differences between archaea and bacteria.

Accepted Answer

Answers will vary. Archaeal membranes ha

Question 6

What evidence suggests that proteins are synthesized and modified in the rough ER as opposed to the smooth ER?

Accepted Answer

A)  Ribosomes are associated with the surface of the rough ER. 
B)  Ribosomes are associated with the surface of the smooth ER. 
C)  Proteins can be found in the membrane of the rough ER but not the smooth ER. 
D)  The smooth ER functions in the synthesis of phospholipids. 
E)  Smooth ER is continuous with rough ER. 
A)  Ribosomes are associated with the surface of the rough ER. 
B)  Ribosomes are associated with the surface of the smooth ER. 
C)  Proteins can be found in the membrane of the rough ER but not the smooth ER. 
D)  The smooth ER functions in the synthesis of phospholipids. 
E)  Smooth ER is continuous with rough ER.

Question 7

Which of the following would be a function of the peroxisomes?

Accepted Answer

A)  break down carbohydrates in the liver 
B)  break down red blood cells in the spleen 
C)  help germinating seeds convert fatty acids into molecules that can be converted to sugars 
D)  store toxic materials in the cell 
E)  metabolize proteins during cellular respiration 
A)  break down carbohydrates in the liver 
B)  break down red blood cells in the spleen 
C)  help germinating seeds convert fatty acids into molecules that can be converted to sugars 
D)  store toxic materials in the cell 
E)  metabolize proteins during cellular respiration

Question 8

Explain how the nuclear envelope of eukaryotic cells could have arisen.

Accepted Answer

The cell membrane of a prokaryotic cell

Question 9

Compare the structural differences between actin filaments, intermediate filaments, and microtubules.

Accepted Answer

Answers may vary but should include the

Question 10

In a person with a disease in which the mitochondria do not produce enough energy for the cell, which organs would be the most severely affected?

Accepted Answer

A)  muscles 
B)  liver 
C)  skin 
D)  stomach 
E)  ovaries/testes 
A)  muscles 
B)  liver 
C)  skin 
D)  stomach 
E)  ovaries/testes

Question 11

All cells must have centrioles in order to divide via mitosis or meiosis.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

The Golgi apparatus directs its protein products to the correct location in the cell based on

Accepted Answer

A)  the specific molecule that is added and the molecule determines the destination in or out of the cell. 
B)  the DNA extending its long molecular helix to direct the protein through the Golgi apparatus and on to the final destination. 
C)  vesicles that constantly shuttle back and forth from the various cell destinations and these vesicles determine which protein in the Golgi apparatus to pick up and deliver. 
D)  proteins drifting away in all directions and are only used at the cell sites that need them. 
E)  how long it takes the vesicle to travel from the endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi. 
A)  the specific molecule that is added and the molecule determines the destination in or out of the cell. 
B)  the DNA extending its long molecular helix to direct the protein through the Golgi apparatus and on to the final destination. 
C)  vesicles that constantly shuttle back and forth from the various cell destinations and these vesicles determine which protein in the Golgi apparatus to pick up and deliver. 
D)  proteins drifting away in all directions and are only used at the cell sites that need them. 
E)  how long it takes the vesicle to travel from the endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi.

Question 13

The endosymbiotic theory argues that prokaryotic cells became some of the organelles of early eukaryotic cells. Which of the following supports this theory?

Accepted Answer

A)  Mitochondria and chloroplasts are similar to bacteria in size and structure. 
B)  Mitochondria and chloroplasts have their own DNA. 
C)  The DNA of mitochondria and chloroplasts is a circular loop like that of prokaryotes. 
D)  The ribosomes of mitochondria and chloroplasts resemble those of prokaryotes. 
E)  All the answers support the endosymbiotic theory. 
A)  Mitochondria and chloroplasts are similar to bacteria in size and structure. 
B)  Mitochondria and chloroplasts have their own DNA. 
C)  The DNA of mitochondria and chloroplasts is a circular loop like that of prokaryotes. 
D)  The ribosomes of mitochondria and chloroplasts resemble those of prokaryotes. 
E)  All the answers support the endosymbiotic theory.

Question 14

Circulating red blood cells in your body do not contain a nucleus and other organelles. Are these cells living?

Accepted Answer

A)  Yes, because they are actively metabolizing and once contained organelles. 
B)  Yes, because they are capable of moving throughout the body in the circulation. 
C)  No, because they do not contain a nucleus, they cannot be living. 
D)  No, because red blood cells do not actively metabolize. 
E)  No, because they are now only part of a once living cell. 
A)  Yes, because they are actively metabolizing and once contained organelles. 
B)  Yes, because they are capable of moving throughout the body in the circulation. 
C)  No, because they do not contain a nucleus, they cannot be living. 
D)  No, because red blood cells do not actively metabolize. 
E)  No, because they are now only part of a once living cell.

Question 15

In some bacteria, the outermost layer is a gelatinous sheath known as

Accepted Answer

A)  the nucleus. 
B)  the capsule. 
C)  the cell wall. 
D)  the cell membrane. 
E)  the DNA. 
A)  the nucleus. 
B)  the capsule. 
C)  the cell wall. 
D)  the cell membrane. 
E)  the DNA.

Exam 3: Cell Structure and Function

Which of the following is a function of the cytoskeleton?

In a certain group of people, males are more subject to respiratory infections and are sterile. The most likely explanation for this disease is malfunctioning

In plants, chloroplasts are necessary for

If the chloroplast is the result of endosymbiosis, which membrane of the chloroplast represents the plasma membrane of the original prokaryote?

List the key similarities and differences between archaea and bacteria.

What evidence suggests that proteins are synthesized and modified in the rough ER as opposed to the smooth ER?

Which of the following would be a function of the peroxisomes?

Explain how the nuclear envelope of eukaryotic cells could have arisen.

Compare the structural differences between actin filaments, intermediate filaments, and microtubules.

In a person with a disease in which the mitochondria do not produce enough energy for the cell, which organs would be the most severely affected?

All cells must have centrioles in order to divide via mitosis or meiosis.

The Golgi apparatus directs its protein products to the correct location in the cell based on

The endosymbiotic theory argues that prokaryotic cells became some of the organelles of early eukaryotic cells. Which of the following supports this theory?

Circulating red blood cells in your body do not contain a nucleus and other organelles. Are these cells living?

In some bacteria, the outermost layer is a gelatinous sheath known as

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