Question 1

Coenzymes and/or cofactors are necessary for optimal enzyme activity.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 2

ATP can be broken down into

Accepted Answer

A)  ADP. 
B)  ADP plus phosphate. 
C)  ADP plus phosphate plus energy. 
D)  pyruvate. 
E)  lactate. 
A)  ADP. 
B)  ADP plus phosphate. 
C)  ADP plus phosphate plus energy. 
D)  pyruvate. 
E)  lactate.

Question 3

Heat is a form of energy.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 4

ATP contains

Accepted Answer

A)  an adenine base and one phosphate group. 
B)  an adenine base and two phosphate groups. 
C)  an adenine base and three phosphate groups. 
D)  an adenine base, a ribose sugar, and two phosphate groups. 
E)  an adenine base, a ribose sugar, and three phosphate groups. 
A)  an adenine base and one phosphate group. 
B)  an adenine base and two phosphate groups. 
C)  an adenine base and three phosphate groups. 
D)  an adenine base, a ribose sugar, and two phosphate groups. 
E)  an adenine base, a ribose sugar, and three phosphate groups.

Question 5

When a cell uses substantial energy to organize its cell contents to a greater degree than the organization that exists outside the living cell

Accepted Answer

A)  energy has been created. 
B)  entropy has increased. 
C)  entropy has decreased. 
D)  entropy remains the same. 
E)  energy has been destroyed. 
A)  energy has been created. 
B)  entropy has increased. 
C)  entropy has decreased. 
D)  entropy remains the same. 
E)  energy has been destroyed.

Question 6

We often say that we need food for energy. In a biological sense, is this correct?

Accepted Answer

A)  Yes, because the smallest units inside the atoms that make up the food are simply pure energy. 
B)  Yes, because the food must move through the digestive system, and motion is kinetic energy. 
C)  Yes, because the food we eat has potential energy in its structure and this chemical energy can be converted into mechanical energy. 
D)  No, because food consists of matter and cannot be transformed into energy. 
E)  No, since all food matter stays matter, and energy remains energy. 
A)  Yes, because the smallest units inside the atoms that make up the food are simply pure energy. 
B)  Yes, because the food must move through the digestive system, and motion is kinetic energy. 
C)  Yes, because the food we eat has potential energy in its structure and this chemical energy can be converted into mechanical energy. 
D)  No, because food consists of matter and cannot be transformed into energy. 
E)  No, since all food matter stays matter, and energy remains energy.

Question 7

The change in free energy of a reaction, delta G, is calculated by

Accepted Answer

A)  subtracting the free energy content of the products from that of the reactants. 
B)  subtracting the free energy content of the reactants from that of the products. 
C)  adding the free energy content of the products to that of the reactants. 
D)  the amount of free energy content of the reactants. 
E)  the amount of free energy content of the products. 
A)  subtracting the free energy content of the products from that of the reactants. 
B)  subtracting the free energy content of the reactants from that of the products. 
C)  adding the free energy content of the products to that of the reactants. 
D)  the amount of free energy content of the reactants. 
E)  the amount of free energy content of the products.

Question 8

Less energy is needed to bring about a reaction when an enzyme is present.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

All of the energy that a plant stores in the bonds of glucose are available to an animal to power its muscles.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

Explain the factors that will cause an enzyme to become denatured and what will occur structurally to the enzyme when it is denatured.

Accepted Answer

The two factors that will denature a pro

Question 11

Which of the following will increase enzyme activity?

Accepted Answer

A)  increase the temperature to boiling 
B)  decrease the concentration of the enzyme 
C)  alter the substrate 
D)  change to optimum pH for the reaction 
E)  decrease the temperature 
A)  increase the temperature to boiling 
B)  decrease the concentration of the enzyme 
C)  alter the substrate 
D)  change to optimum pH for the reaction 
E)  decrease the temperature

Question 12

Occasionally someone claims to have built a machine that can run forever, producing as much energy as it consumes. This has always been disproved because it violates

Accepted Answer

A)  the first law of thermodynamics. 
B)  the second law of thermodynamics. 
C)  entropy. 
D)  laws preventing any conversion between types of energy. 
E)  coupled reaction equations. 
A)  the first law of thermodynamics. 
B)  the second law of thermodynamics. 
C)  entropy. 
D)  laws preventing any conversion between types of energy. 
E)  coupled reaction equations.

Question 13

While science cannot describe "thinking" in physical terms, we are certain that the process involves metabolism inside brain cells. With positron emission tomography (PET scan), it is possible to inject short-lived isotopes and image the regions of the brain that have the most active metabolism during various mental activities. However

Accepted Answer

A)  thought cannot be linked to cell processes because energy is not related to matter. 
B)  since thoughts can occur over and over, the requirement for a continual input of energy to prevent entropy does not apply to this cell activity. 
C)  the cellular energy expended in thinking must be less than the chemical bond energy supplied in food to these brain cells. 
D)  "thinking" is beyond the scope of science to study. 
E)  "thinking" is not a cellular process and therefore does not require energy. 
A)  thought cannot be linked to cell processes because energy is not related to matter. 
B)  since thoughts can occur over and over, the requirement for a continual input of energy to prevent entropy does not apply to this cell activity. 
C)  the cellular energy expended in thinking must be less than the chemical bond energy supplied in food to these brain cells. 
D)  "thinking" is beyond the scope of science to study. 
E)  "thinking" is not a cellular process and therefore does not require energy.

Question 14

Each enzyme has a particular substrate because enzymes

Accepted Answer

A)  increase the energy of activation. 
B)  decrease the productivity of the cell. 
C)  always require coenzymes. 
D)  have active sites complementary in shape to their substrates. 
E)  are named for their substrate. 
A)  increase the energy of activation. 
B)  decrease the productivity of the cell. 
C)  always require coenzymes. 
D)  have active sites complementary in shape to their substrates. 
E)  are named for their substrate.

Question 15

What is a metabolic reaction called that involves one reaction releasing energy to provide energy for a second reaction that requires energy?

Accepted Answer

A)  an endergonic reaction 
B)  an exergonic reaction 
C)  a coupled reaction 
D)  a reversible reaction 
E)  anabolism 
A)  an endergonic reaction 
B)  an exergonic reaction 
C)  a coupled reaction 
D)  a reversible reaction 
E)  anabolism

Question 16

The function of an enzyme is to

Accepted Answer

A)  provide the energy for metabolic reactions. 
B)  increase the rate of a metabolic reaction. 
C)  change the direction of metabolic reactions. 
D)  act as a buffer in metabolic reactions. 
E)  raise the energy of activation for a reaction. 
A)  provide the energy for metabolic reactions. 
B)  increase the rate of a metabolic reaction. 
C)  change the direction of metabolic reactions. 
D)  act as a buffer in metabolic reactions. 
E)  raise the energy of activation for a reaction.

Question 17

While eating a container of yogurt, you have to leave, so you store the yogurt in the refrigerator. A day later you return and find the surface of the yogurt is no longer smooth but has broken into several liquified products. You correctly guess that enzymes from your saliva, via the spoon, have continued digesting the yogurt in your absence. What will happen over time?

Accepted Answer

A)  Nothing, the reaction has stopped because the amount of saliva is small and you would have to add more saliva to continue the degradation. 
B)  The reaction will continue indefinitely since the enzyme is not consumed by the reaction. 
C)  The reaction will continue until half is digested and then stop because the reaction between substrate and product will be balanced. 
D)  The reaction has stopped because the yogurt has denatured the enzyme. 
E)  As long as the enzyme is not denatured by environmental conditions, the reaction will continue until all of the substrate is used up. 
A)  Nothing, the reaction has stopped because the amount of saliva is small and you would have to add more saliva to continue the degradation. 
B)  The reaction will continue indefinitely since the enzyme is not consumed by the reaction. 
C)  The reaction will continue until half is digested and then stop because the reaction between substrate and product will be balanced. 
D)  The reaction has stopped because the yogurt has denatured the enzyme. 
E)  As long as the enzyme is not denatured by environmental conditions, the reaction will continue until all of the substrate is used up.

Question 18

Will the reaction A + B turn into C spontaneously "move" forward if the free energy of A + B is 25 units and the free energy of C is 30 units?

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

Chloroplasts and mitochondria are both involved in redox reactions because

Accepted Answer

A)  carbon dioxide is reduced during photosynthesis and carbohydrates are oxidized during cellular respiration. 
B)  both use carbon dioxide. 
C)  photosynthesis uses energy and cellular respiration releases energy. 
D)  both are required to be in all cells. 
E)  energy cycles between the two organelles. 
A)  carbon dioxide is reduced during photosynthesis and carbohydrates are oxidized during cellular respiration. 
B)  both use carbon dioxide. 
C)  photosynthesis uses energy and cellular respiration releases energy. 
D)  both are required to be in all cells. 
E)  energy cycles between the two organelles.

Question 20

Gasoline engines use energy more efficiently than cells.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 6: Metabolism: Energy and Enzymes

Coenzymes and/or cofactors are necessary for optimal enzyme activity.

ATP can be broken down into

Heat is a form of energy.

ATP contains

When a cell uses substantial energy to organize its cell contents to a greater degree than the organization that exists outside the living cell

We often say that we need food for energy. In a biological sense, is this correct?

The change in free energy of a reaction, delta G, is calculated by

Less energy is needed to bring about a reaction when an enzyme is present.

All of the energy that a plant stores in the bonds of glucose are available to an animal to power its muscles.

Explain the factors that will cause an enzyme to become denatured and what will occur structurally to the enzyme when it is denatured.

Which of the following will increase enzyme activity?

Occasionally someone claims to have built a machine that can run forever, producing as much energy as it consumes. This has always been disproved because it violates

Each enzyme has a particular substrate because enzymes

What is a metabolic reaction called that involves one reaction releasing energy to provide energy for a second reaction that requires energy?

The function of an enzyme is to

Will the reaction A + B turn into C spontaneously "move" forward if the free energy of A + B is 25 units and the free energy of C is 30 units?

Chloroplasts and mitochondria are both involved in redox reactions because

Gasoline engines use energy more efficiently than cells.

The Study of Life

The Molecules of Cells

Cell Structure and Function

Membrane Structure and Function

Cell Division

Cellular Respiration

Photosynthesis

Plant Organization and Function

Plant Reproduction and Responses

Human Organization

Cardiovascular System

Lymphatic and Immune Systems

Digestive System and Nutrition

Respiratory System

Urinary System and Excretion

Nervous System

Senses

Musculoskeletal System

Endocrine System

Reproductive System

Development and Aging

Patterns of Gene Inheritance

Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance

Dna Structure and Gene Expression

Biotechnology and Genomics

Evolution of Life

Microbiology

Protists and Fungi

Plants

Animals: the Invertebrates

Animals: Chordates and Vertebrates

Behavioral Ecology

Population and Community Ecology

Nature of Ecosystems

Major Ecosystems of the Biosphere

Conservation Biology

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