Question 1

A function of the human stomach is

Accepted Answer

A)  to produce highly basic fluids to kill most bacteria. 
B)  to begin the absorption of most small food molecules, especially sugars. 
C)  storing food and mixing food with enzymes to begin the chemical digestion of proteins. 
D)  to pass food from the esophagus to the large intestine. 
E)  absorption of iron to build hemoglobin for red blood cells. 
A)  to produce highly basic fluids to kill most bacteria. 
B)  to begin the absorption of most small food molecules, especially sugars. 
C)  storing food and mixing food with enzymes to begin the chemical digestion of proteins. 
D)  to pass food from the esophagus to the large intestine. 
E)  absorption of iron to build hemoglobin for red blood cells.

Question 2

As food is processed and moves through the digestive tract it changes form several times. What is the correct order of the stages of food processing?

Accepted Answer

A)  bolus → feces → chyme 
B)  bolus → chyme → feces 
C)  chyme → feces → bolus 
D)  chyme → bolus → feces 
E)  feces → bolus → chyme 
A)  bolus → feces → chyme 
B)  bolus → chyme → feces 
C)  chyme → feces → bolus 
D)  chyme → bolus → feces 
E)  feces → bolus → chyme

Question 3

-In figure 14.1, which structure is the liver?

Accepted Answer

A)  1 
B)  2 
C)  3 
D)  4 
E)  5 
A)  1 
B)  2 
C)  3 
D)  4 
E)  5

Question 4

Which organ in the human body produces maltase and peptidases?

Accepted Answer

A)  mouth 
B)  esophagus 
C)  stomach 
D)  small intestine 
E)  large intestine 
A)  mouth 
B)  esophagus 
C)  stomach 
D)  small intestine 
E)  large intestine

Question 5

Stunted growth in children and low bone density in adults is caused a deficiency of

Accepted Answer

A)  iron. 
B)  folic acid (folacin). 
C)  copper. 
D)  vitamin B12. 
E)  calcium. 
A)  iron. 
B)  folic acid (folacin). 
C)  copper. 
D)  vitamin B12. 
E)  calcium.

Question 6

Heartburn occurs when

Accepted Answer

A)  the heart responds painfully to chemical changes due to diet. 
B)  bacteria cause the stomach lining to ulcerate. 
C)  the glottis fails to prevent food from entering the trachea. 
D)  some of the stomach contents escape back into the lower esophagus. 
E)  the bile duct is blocked. 
A)  the heart responds painfully to chemical changes due to diet. 
B)  bacteria cause the stomach lining to ulcerate. 
C)  the glottis fails to prevent food from entering the trachea. 
D)  some of the stomach contents escape back into the lower esophagus. 
E)  the bile duct is blocked.

Question 7

Muscles that encircle tubes and act as valves are called

Accepted Answer

A)  constrictors. 
B)  dilators. 
C)  sphincters. 
D)  lacteals. 
E)  mucosa. 
A)  constrictors. 
B)  dilators. 
C)  sphincters. 
D)  lacteals. 
E)  mucosa.

Question 8

Which of the following can result if the large intestine becomes irritated and peristalsis increases?

Accepted Answer

A)  constipation 
B)  diarrhea 
C)  appendicitis 
D)  ulcers 
E)  hernias 
A)  constipation 
B)  diarrhea 
C)  appendicitis 
D)  ulcers 
E)  hernias

Question 9

Which of the following is an infectious cause of jaundice?

Accepted Answer

A)  trauma 
B)  gallstones 
C)  cancer 
D)  alcoholism 
E)  hepatitis B 
A)  trauma 
B)  gallstones 
C)  cancer 
D)  alcoholism 
E)  hepatitis B

Question 10

A woman is not getting enough calcium in her diet. One of the first symptoms she may experience would be

Accepted Answer

A)  a broken bone. 
B)  anemia. 
C)  irregular heart beat. 
D)  muscle spasms. 
E)  night blindness. 
A)  a broken bone. 
B)  anemia. 
C)  irregular heart beat. 
D)  muscle spasms. 
E)  night blindness.

Question 11

Which of the following types of lipids is least likely to cause cardiovascular disease?

Accepted Answer

A)  cholesterol 
B)  trans saturated fatty acids 
C)  saturated fatty acids 
D)  unsaturated fatty acids 
E)  animal fats 
A)  cholesterol 
B)  trans saturated fatty acids 
C)  saturated fatty acids 
D)  unsaturated fatty acids 
E)  animal fats

Question 12

What is the function of sodium bicarbonate in the digestive tract?

Accepted Answer

A)  destruction of bacteria 
B)  digestion of fat in the small intestine 
C)  neutralization of chyme arriving at the small intestine 
D)  breakdown of connective tissue in the stomach 
E)  activation of pepsin in the stomach 
A)  destruction of bacteria 
B)  digestion of fat in the small intestine 
C)  neutralization of chyme arriving at the small intestine 
D)  breakdown of connective tissue in the stomach 
E)  activation of pepsin in the stomach

Question 13

At body temperature, which of these combinations is most likely to result in the digestion of proteins?

Accepted Answer

A)  water, pepsin 
B)  HCl, pepsin 
C)  bile, pepsin 
D)  sodium bicarbonate, pepsin 
E)  pepsin, HCl, sodium bicarbonate 
A)  water, pepsin 
B)  HCl, pepsin 
C)  bile, pepsin 
D)  sodium bicarbonate, pepsin 
E)  pepsin, HCl, sodium bicarbonate

Question 14

Both the mucosa and submucosa are made of epithelial tissue.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

In the body, glucose is stored in the liver as

Accepted Answer

A)  starch. 
B)  protein. 
C)  glycogen. 
D)  fat. 
E)  amino acids. 
A)  starch. 
B)  protein. 
C)  glycogen. 
D)  fat. 
E)  amino acids.

Question 16

Bacteria living in the large intestine

Accepted Answer

A)  are a source of fiber. 
B)  can produce vitamins. 
C)  are found only in the appendix. 
D)  can produce excess acid. 
E)  are found only in the rectum. 
A)  are a source of fiber. 
B)  can produce vitamins. 
C)  are found only in the appendix. 
D)  can produce excess acid. 
E)  are found only in the rectum.

Question 17

Starting from the inside of the esophagus and going to the outside, the layers of the digestive tract in sequence are

Accepted Answer

A)  serosa → smooth muscle → submucosa → mucosa. 
B)  serosa → submucosa → smooth muscle → mucosa. 
C)  mucosa → smooth muscle → submucosa → serosa. 
D)  mucosa → submucosa → serosa → smooth muscle. 
E)  mucosa → submucosa → smooth muscle → serosa. 
A)  serosa → smooth muscle → submucosa → mucosa. 
B)  serosa → submucosa → smooth muscle → mucosa. 
C)  mucosa → smooth muscle → submucosa → serosa. 
D)  mucosa → submucosa → serosa → smooth muscle. 
E)  mucosa → submucosa → smooth muscle → serosa.

Question 18

Which of the following is true of the duodenum?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is a duct from the liver that introduces bile. 
B)  It is a pancreatic duct that introduces basic fluids to neutralize the stomach acid. 
C)  Highly acidic stomach contents enter the small intestine here. 
D)  It contains villi for absorption. 
E)  All of the answer choices are true statements about the duodenum. 
A)  It is a duct from the liver that introduces bile. 
B)  It is a pancreatic duct that introduces basic fluids to neutralize the stomach acid. 
C)  Highly acidic stomach contents enter the small intestine here. 
D)  It contains villi for absorption. 
E)  All of the answer choices are true statements about the duodenum.

Question 19

In humans, fats are absorbed

Accepted Answer

A)  in the large intestine. 
B)  in the rugae of the stomach. 
C)  primarily into the blood capillaries. 
D)  primarily into the ducts of the lacteal of the small intestine. 
E)  by the liver. 
A)  in the large intestine. 
B)  in the rugae of the stomach. 
C)  primarily into the blood capillaries. 
D)  primarily into the ducts of the lacteal of the small intestine. 
E)  by the liver.

Question 20

Which eating disorder is associated with a binge of high-calorie foods and feelings of guilt followed by a purge cycle.

Accepted Answer

A)  bulimia nervosa 
B)  binge-eating disorder 
C)  pica 
D)  anorexia nervosa 
E)  All of the answer choices are associated with a binge of high-calorie foods, and a feeling of guilt followed by a purge cycle. 
A)  bulimia nervosa 
B)  binge-eating disorder 
C)  pica 
D)  anorexia nervosa 
E)  All of the answer choices are associated with a binge of high-calorie foods, and a feeling of guilt followed by a purge cycle.

Exam 14: Digestive System and Nutrition

A function of the human stomach is

As food is processed and moves through the digestive tract it changes form several times. What is the correct order of the stages of food processing?

-In figure 14.1, which structure is the liver?

Which organ in the human body produces maltase and peptidases?

Stunted growth in children and low bone density in adults is caused a deficiency of

Heartburn occurs when

Muscles that encircle tubes and act as valves are called

Which of the following can result if the large intestine becomes irritated and peristalsis increases?

Which of the following is an infectious cause of jaundice?

A woman is not getting enough calcium in her diet. One of the first symptoms she may experience would be

Which of the following types of lipids is least likely to cause cardiovascular disease?

What is the function of sodium bicarbonate in the digestive tract?

At body temperature, which of these combinations is most likely to result in the digestion of proteins?

Both the mucosa and submucosa are made of epithelial tissue.

In the body, glucose is stored in the liver as

Bacteria living in the large intestine

Starting from the inside of the esophagus and going to the outside, the layers of the digestive tract in sequence are

Which of the following is true of the duodenum?

In humans, fats are absorbed

Which eating disorder is associated with a binge of high-calorie foods and feelings of guilt followed by a purge cycle.

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