Question 1

When a baby is born, what change(s) need to occur in fetal circulation for it to survive?

Accepted Answer

A)  The oval opening (foramen ovale) must close. 
B)  The arterial duct must close. 
C)  The umbilical arteries and veins close. 
D)  Fetal blood must be shunted toward the lungs after tying off the umbilical cord. 
E)  All of the answer choices describe changes that need to occur in order for the baby to survive. 
A)  The oval opening (foramen ovale) must close. 
B)  The arterial duct must close. 
C)  The umbilical arteries and veins close. 
D)  Fetal blood must be shunted toward the lungs after tying off the umbilical cord. 
E)  All of the answer choices describe changes that need to occur in order for the baby to survive.

Question 2

Which statement is true regarding aging?

Accepted Answer

A)  Genetics may partially determine how long a person lives. 
B)  DNA mutations accumulate as the body ages. 
C)  Lack of calcium in a person's diet may lead to bone loss. 
D)  Some proteins become cross-linked and reduce organ function. 
E)  All of the answer choices are true statements about aging. 
A)  Genetics may partially determine how long a person lives. 
B)  DNA mutations accumulate as the body ages. 
C)  Lack of calcium in a person's diet may lead to bone loss. 
D)  Some proteins become cross-linked and reduce organ function. 
E)  All of the answer choices are true statements about aging.

Question 3

During the formation of an embryo, a hollow sphere of cells with a fluid-filled cavity inside is termed a

Accepted Answer

A)  morula. 
B)  blastula. 
C)  blastocoel. 
D)  gastrula. 
E)  neurula. 
A)  morula. 
B)  blastula. 
C)  blastocoel. 
D)  gastrula. 
E)  neurula.

Question 4

Which hormone causes the mammary lobules in the breast to contract, causing milk to flow? Which organ releases the hormone?

Accepted Answer

A)  prolactin; hypothalamus 
B)  prolactin; anterior pituitary 
C)  oxytocin; hypothalamus 
D)  oxytocin; anterior pituitary 
E)  estrogen; ovaries 
A)  prolactin; hypothalamus 
B)  prolactin; anterior pituitary 
C)  oxytocin; hypothalamus 
D)  oxytocin; anterior pituitary 
E)  estrogen; ovaries

Question 5

The parceling out of maternal determinants during mitosis is known as

Accepted Answer

A)  homeostasis. 
B)  induction. 
C)  morphogenesis. 
D)  cytoplasmic segregation. 
E)  aging. 
A)  homeostasis. 
B)  induction. 
C)  morphogenesis. 
D)  cytoplasmic segregation. 
E)  aging.

Question 6

In human development, what is the site of early blood cell formation for the fetus?

Accepted Answer

A)  umbilical cord 
B)  placenta 
C)  amniotic fluid 
D)  yolk sac 
E)  allantois 
A)  umbilical cord 
B)  placenta 
C)  amniotic fluid 
D)  yolk sac 
E)  allantois

Question 7

In fetal circulation, which structure allows blood from the right atrium to directly enter the left atrium?

Accepted Answer

A)  umbilical cord 
B)  arterial duct 
C)  foramen ovale 
D)  venous duct 
E)  right ventricle 
A)  umbilical cord 
B)  arterial duct 
C)  foramen ovale 
D)  venous duct 
E)  right ventricle

Question 8

List and describe the major events during the three stages of birth.

Accepted Answer

Stage 1: The cervical canal disappears a

Question 9

During which stage of birth is the placenta delivered?

Accepted Answer

A)  third stage 
B)  first stage 
C)  second stage 
D)  fourth stage. 
E)  It is done prior to stage one. 
A)  third stage 
B)  first stage 
C)  second stage 
D)  fourth stage. 
E)  It is done prior to stage one.

Question 10

As we become older, the

Accepted Answer

A)  skin becomes more elastic. 
B)  heart decreases in size. 
C)  blood vessels become more rigid. 
D)  production of gametes continues in both sexes. 
E)  liver receives increased blood flow. 
A)  skin becomes more elastic. 
B)  heart decreases in size. 
C)  blood vessels become more rigid. 
D)  production of gametes continues in both sexes. 
E)  liver receives increased blood flow.

Question 11

Women are less likely than men to suffer from a heart attack. This is thought to be true because

Accepted Answer

A)  women have less stressful lives than men. 
B)  men have testosterone and women do not. 
C)  women have estrogen and men do not. 
D)  women tend to take better care of their health. 
E)  women have a genetic resistance that prevents them from having heart attacks. 
A)  women have less stressful lives than men. 
B)  men have testosterone and women do not. 
C)  women have estrogen and men do not. 
D)  women tend to take better care of their health. 
E)  women have a genetic resistance that prevents them from having heart attacks.

Question 12

During which stage of labor will the cervix be dilated?

Accepted Answer

A)  stage 1 
B)  stage 2 
C)  stage 3 
D)  stage 4 
E)  The cervix does not need to dilate for labor. 
A)  stage 1 
B)  stage 2 
C)  stage 3 
D)  stage 4 
E)  The cervix does not need to dilate for labor.

Question 13

How does a sperm penetrate an egg?

Accepted Answer

A)  Enzymes in the acrosome dissolve the zona pellucida. 
B)  The sperm binds to a receptor protein in the membrane and this initiates endocytosis. 
C)  The forward pressure of the flagellum forces it through the plasma membrane. 
D)  Spermatids are wedge-shaped and are chemically attracted to the inside cytoplasm of the egg cell. 
E)  The haploid sets of chromosomes match across the membrane and this triggers the membrane to dissolve. 
A)  Enzymes in the acrosome dissolve the zona pellucida. 
B)  The sperm binds to a receptor protein in the membrane and this initiates endocytosis. 
C)  The forward pressure of the flagellum forces it through the plasma membrane. 
D)  Spermatids are wedge-shaped and are chemically attracted to the inside cytoplasm of the egg cell. 
E)  The haploid sets of chromosomes match across the membrane and this triggers the membrane to dissolve.

Question 14

Which of the following would provide evidence that lifestyle choices can increase the effects of aging?

Accepted Answer

A)  Children of short-lived parents live shorter lives than children of long-lived parents. 
B)  Cells only divide for a set number of divisions. 
C)  Cell lines become nonfunctional before their maximum number of divisions is reached. 
D)  Smoking and excessive alcohol intake are linked to shorter life spans. 
E)  Certain genes that code for antioxidant enzymes to detoxify free radicals are present in animals that live longer. 
A)  Children of short-lived parents live shorter lives than children of long-lived parents. 
B)  Cells only divide for a set number of divisions. 
C)  Cell lines become nonfunctional before their maximum number of divisions is reached. 
D)  Smoking and excessive alcohol intake are linked to shorter life spans. 
E)  Certain genes that code for antioxidant enzymes to detoxify free radicals are present in animals that live longer.

Question 15

Describe the steps involved in the fertilization of an egg.

Accepted Answer

Step 1: The sperm makes its way through

Question 16

A homeotic gene codes for a(n) ________ protein, a sequence of 60 amino acids, sets of which determine the genes to be turned on during development.

Accepted Answer

A)  induction 
B)  morphogenesis 
C)  growth 
D)  regulatory 
E)  homeodomain 
A)  induction 
B)  morphogenesis 
C)  growth 
D)  regulatory 
E)  homeodomain

Question 17

Generally only one sperm fertilizes an egg because

Accepted Answer

A)  sperm compete against one another before entering and only the most fit sperm is able to fertilize the egg. 
B)  sperm travel such a great distance that no two sperm are likely to arrive at the same time. 
C)  there is only one passageway available for a sperm to enter the egg. 
D)  many sperm enter but only one set of chromosomes can fuse with the egg nucleus; the other sperm are absorbed. 
E)  when the first sperm fuses with the egg membrane, the membrane depolarizes, which blocks the entry of any other sperm. 
A)  sperm compete against one another before entering and only the most fit sperm is able to fertilize the egg. 
B)  sperm travel such a great distance that no two sperm are likely to arrive at the same time. 
C)  there is only one passageway available for a sperm to enter the egg. 
D)  many sperm enter but only one set of chromosomes can fuse with the egg nucleus; the other sperm are absorbed. 
E)  when the first sperm fuses with the egg membrane, the membrane depolarizes, which blocks the entry of any other sperm.

Question 18

The egg from a ________ has been observed to form a gray crescent after fertilization.

Accepted Answer

A)  fish 
B)  frog 
C)  reptile 
D)  chicken 
E)  human 
A)  fish 
B)  frog 
C)  reptile 
D)  chicken 
E)  human

Question 19

After gastrulation in vertebrates, the blastopore will eventually become the

Accepted Answer

A)  brain. 
B)  heart. 
C)  mouth. 
D)  anus. 
E)  ear. 
A)  brain. 
B)  heart. 
C)  mouth. 
D)  anus. 
E)  ear.

Question 20

What is the difference between a skin cell and a stem cell?

Accepted Answer

A)  A skin cell gives rise only to other skin cells and a stem cell gives rise only to stem cells. 
B)  A skin cell has a full complement of DNA, but a stem cell does not. 
C)  Stem cells have telomerase; skin cells lack telomerase. 
D)  Stem cells are not found in humans, while skin cells are. 
E)  Stem cells arise from skin cells when select genes are turned on. 
A)  A skin cell gives rise only to other skin cells and a stem cell gives rise only to stem cells. 
B)  A skin cell has a full complement of DNA, but a stem cell does not. 
C)  Stem cells have telomerase; skin cells lack telomerase. 
D)  Stem cells are not found in humans, while skin cells are. 
E)  Stem cells arise from skin cells when select genes are turned on.

Exam 22: Development and Aging

When a baby is born, what change(s) need to occur in fetal circulation for it to survive?

Which statement is true regarding aging?

During the formation of an embryo, a hollow sphere of cells with a fluid-filled cavity inside is termed a

Which hormone causes the mammary lobules in the breast to contract, causing milk to flow? Which organ releases the hormone?

The parceling out of maternal determinants during mitosis is known as

In human development, what is the site of early blood cell formation for the fetus?

In fetal circulation, which structure allows blood from the right atrium to directly enter the left atrium?

List and describe the major events during the three stages of birth.

During which stage of birth is the placenta delivered?

As we become older, the

Women are less likely than men to suffer from a heart attack. This is thought to be true because

During which stage of labor will the cervix be dilated?

How does a sperm penetrate an egg?

Which of the following would provide evidence that lifestyle choices can increase the effects of aging?

Describe the steps involved in the fertilization of an egg.

A homeotic gene codes for a(n) ________ protein, a sequence of 60 amino acids, sets of which determine the genes to be turned on during development.

Generally only one sperm fertilizes an egg because

The egg from a ________ has been observed to form a gray crescent after fertilization.

After gastrulation in vertebrates, the blastopore will eventually become the

What is the difference between a skin cell and a stem cell?

The Study of Life

The Molecules of Cells

Cell Structure and Function

Membrane Structure and Function

Cell Division

Metabolism: Energy and Enzymes

Cellular Respiration

Photosynthesis

Plant Organization and Function

Plant Reproduction and Responses

Human Organization

Cardiovascular System

Lymphatic and Immune Systems

Digestive System and Nutrition

Respiratory System

Urinary System and Excretion

Nervous System

Senses

Musculoskeletal System

Endocrine System

Reproductive System

Patterns of Gene Inheritance

Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance

Dna Structure and Gene Expression

Biotechnology and Genomics

Evolution of Life

Microbiology

Protists and Fungi

Plants

Animals: the Invertebrates

Animals: Chordates and Vertebrates

Behavioral Ecology

Population and Community Ecology

Nature of Ecosystems

Major Ecosystems of the Biosphere

Conservation Biology

Filters