Question 1

Male elks compete for access to females. How is this advantageous for the winner?

Accepted Answer

A)  The survivor of the competition lives longer and has access to greater food resources. 
B)  The survivor is granted a larger breeding territory. 
C)  the survivor has the opportunity to mate with more females, increasing his fitness. 
D)  The survivor ensures that he will never have to battle another elk. 
E)  There are no advantages for any male that competes for females. 
A)  The survivor of the competition lives longer and has access to greater food resources. 
B)  The survivor is granted a larger breeding territory. 
C)  the survivor has the opportunity to mate with more females, increasing his fitness. 
D)  The survivor ensures that he will never have to battle another elk. 
E)  There are no advantages for any male that competes for females.

Question 2

Animals that live in social groups, generally arrange themselves in such a way that one animal takes precedence over others. This is known as

Accepted Answer

A)  imprinting. 
B)  inclusive fitness. 
C)  a dominance hierarchy. 
D)  altruism. 
E)  a circadian rhythm. 
A)  imprinting. 
B)  inclusive fitness. 
C)  a dominance hierarchy. 
D)  altruism. 
E)  a circadian rhythm.

Question 3

Altruism is described as

Accepted Answer

A)  displaced aggressive behavior. 
B)  a means of ranking animals in a dominance hierarchy. 
C)  actions of an animal that benefits others but may result in harm to itself. 
D)  belligerent behavior that helps an animal compete in its society. 
E)  an individual's reproductive success. 
A)  displaced aggressive behavior. 
B)  a means of ranking animals in a dominance hierarchy. 
C)  actions of an animal that benefits others but may result in harm to itself. 
D)  belligerent behavior that helps an animal compete in its society. 
E)  an individual's reproductive success.

Question 4

You are lying on your favorite beach in Florida and notice periodic white flashes in the sand. Upon closer inspection, you observe the flashes are actually fiddler crabs waving their enlarged claw in the air. This behavior is an example of

Accepted Answer

A)  auditory communication. 
B)  chemical communication. 
C)  visual communication. 
D)  tactile communication. 
E)  territoriality. 
A)  auditory communication. 
B)  chemical communication. 
C)  visual communication. 
D)  tactile communication. 
E)  territoriality.

Question 5

Fifty days after hatching, a white-crowned sparrow will never be able to sing a normal song if reared in isolation. This is an example of

Accepted Answer

A)  a sensitive period. 
B)  a sign stimulus. 
C)  an innate behavior. 
D)  a fixed-action pattern. 
E)  habituation. 
A)  a sensitive period. 
B)  a sign stimulus. 
C)  an innate behavior. 
D)  a fixed-action pattern. 
E)  habituation.

Question 6

Behavior is influenced

Accepted Answer

A)  by genetics only. 
B)  by the environment only. 
C)  by both genetics and the environment. 
D)  by neither genetics nor the environment. 
E)  by something that scientists do not understand yet. 
A)  by genetics only. 
B)  by the environment only. 
C)  by both genetics and the environment. 
D)  by neither genetics nor the environment. 
E)  by something that scientists do not understand yet.

Question 7

Inclusive fitness refers to

Accepted Answer

A)  an individual's personal reproductive success, as well as that of his or her relatives. 
B)  an individual's personal reproductive success only. 
C)  the reproductive success of an individual's relatives only. 
D)  the reproductive success of the population as a whole. 
E)  the reproductive success of a species from generation to generation. 
A)  an individual's personal reproductive success, as well as that of his or her relatives. 
B)  an individual's personal reproductive success only. 
C)  the reproductive success of an individual's relatives only. 
D)  the reproductive success of the population as a whole. 
E)  the reproductive success of a species from generation to generation.

Question 8

Learned behavior that causes a family of baby ducks to follow their mother is called

Accepted Answer

A)  imprinting. 
B)  operant conditioning. 
C)  insight learning. 
D)  extinction. 
E)  motivation. 
A)  imprinting. 
B)  operant conditioning. 
C)  insight learning. 
D)  extinction. 
E)  motivation.

Question 9

Strengthening a stimulus-response connection by using rewards is known as

Accepted Answer

A)  imprinting. 
B)  operant conditioning. 
C)  insight learning. 
D)  extinction. 
E)  motivation. 
A)  imprinting. 
B)  operant conditioning. 
C)  insight learning. 
D)  extinction. 
E)  motivation.

Question 10

In most species, males invest the most energy in raising the young.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

The first female aphids to hatch in the spring settle on large leaves and defend them against other females. This is an example of

Accepted Answer

A)  territoriality. 
B)  reproductive behavior. 
C)  feeding behavior. 
D)  learned behavior. 
E)  dominance hierarchy. 
A)  territoriality. 
B)  reproductive behavior. 
C)  feeding behavior. 
D)  learned behavior. 
E)  dominance hierarchy.

Question 12

A form of communication that works rapidly at varying distances and works in the dark is

Accepted Answer

A)  chemical communication. 
B)  auditory communication. 
C)  tactile communication. 
D)  visual communication. 
E)  pheromones. 
A)  chemical communication. 
B)  auditory communication. 
C)  tactile communication. 
D)  visual communication. 
E)  pheromones.

Question 13

Honey bees and other social insects have an unusual reproductive genetic system called haplodiploidy. In this system the queen, which develops from a fertilized egg, has two sets of chromosomes and is diploid, while her mate, which develops from an unfertilized egg, has only one set of chromosomes and is haploid. How does haplodiploidy contribute to the altruistic behavior associated with social insects?

Accepted Answer

A)  Female and male offspring produced in a haplodiploidy system are not as intelligent as the queen and therefore are more subservient. 
B)  Female offspring produced in a haplodiploidy system are born sterile and therefore cannot reproduce on their own. Therefore the only way to pass on their genes is protect the well-being of the queen. 
C)  Female workers fathered by the same male share about 75% of their genetic material (25% from mother and 50% from the father) and studies have shown that this encourages altruistic behavior in the colony. 
D)  Haplodiploidy has nothing to do with the altruistic behavior of the insects. 
E)  Individuals born from two diploid parents inherit genes that influence selfish behavior, while individuals born in a haplodiploidy system lack these genes and therefore, generally act more altruistically. 
A)  Female and male offspring produced in a haplodiploidy system are not as intelligent as the queen and therefore are more subservient. 
B)  Female offspring produced in a haplodiploidy system are born sterile and therefore cannot reproduce on their own. Therefore the only way to pass on their genes is protect the well-being of the queen. 
C)  Female workers fathered by the same male share about 75% of their genetic material (25% from mother and 50% from the father) and studies have shown that this encourages altruistic behavior in the colony. 
D)  Haplodiploidy has nothing to do with the altruistic behavior of the insects. 
E)  Individuals born from two diploid parents inherit genes that influence selfish behavior, while individuals born in a haplodiploidy system lack these genes and therefore, generally act more altruistically.

Question 14

Describe the classical conditioning experiment of Ivan Pavlov.

Accepted Answer

Pavlov would ring a bell each time the d

Exam 33: Behavioral Ecology

Male elks compete for access to females. How is this advantageous for the winner?

Animals that live in social groups, generally arrange themselves in such a way that one animal takes precedence over others. This is known as

Altruism is described as

You are lying on your favorite beach in Florida and notice periodic white flashes in the sand. Upon closer inspection, you observe the flashes are actually fiddler crabs waving their enlarged claw in the air. This behavior is an example of

Fifty days after hatching, a white-crowned sparrow will never be able to sing a normal song if reared in isolation. This is an example of

Behavior is influenced

Inclusive fitness refers to

Learned behavior that causes a family of baby ducks to follow their mother is called

Strengthening a stimulus-response connection by using rewards is known as

In most species, males invest the most energy in raising the young.

The first female aphids to hatch in the spring settle on large leaves and defend them against other females. This is an example of

A form of communication that works rapidly at varying distances and works in the dark is

Describe the classical conditioning experiment of Ivan Pavlov.

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