Question 1

Which of the following is correct when describing a predator-prey cycle?

Accepted Answer

A)  A decline in the number of predators causes a decline in the number of prey. 
B)  A decline in the number of prey causes a decline in the number of predators. 
C)  An increase in the number of predators triggers an increase in the number of prey. 
D)  An up-and-down cycle will be seen for the prey animal. 
E)  A seasonal die-off in prey will occur while the predator species hibernates. 
A)  A decline in the number of predators causes a decline in the number of prey. 
B)  A decline in the number of prey causes a decline in the number of predators. 
C)  An increase in the number of predators triggers an increase in the number of prey. 
D)  An up-and-down cycle will be seen for the prey animal. 
E)  A seasonal die-off in prey will occur while the predator species hibernates.

Question 2

List the features used to identify a species as opportunistic (r-strategist).

Accepted Answer

small individuals
short life s

Question 3

Primary succession takes much longer than secondary succession because it involves

Accepted Answer

A)  colonization by more equilibrium species. 
B)  time for weathering of rock and development of the soil horizons. 
C)  more time for development of a seed bank. 
D)  colonization by organisms that are farther away. 
E)  redevelopment of the atmospheric gases. 
A)  colonization by more equilibrium species. 
B)  time for weathering of rock and development of the soil horizons. 
C)  more time for development of a seed bank. 
D)  colonization by organisms that are farther away. 
E)  redevelopment of the atmospheric gases.

Question 4

The maximum population that the environment can support for an indefinite period of time is called the

Accepted Answer

A)  biotic potential. 
B)  environmental resistance. 
C)  carrying capacity. 
D)  replacement reproduction. 
E)  demographic transition. 
A)  biotic potential. 
B)  environmental resistance. 
C)  carrying capacity. 
D)  replacement reproduction. 
E)  demographic transition.

Question 5

A form of symbiosis in which one participant benefits while the other is unaffected is called

Accepted Answer

A)  commensalism. 
B)  parasitism. 
C)  mutualism. 
D)  coevolution. 
E)  symbiosis. 
A)  commensalism. 
B)  parasitism. 
C)  mutualism. 
D)  coevolution. 
E)  symbiosis.

Question 6

What would happen to the effectiveness of Batesian mimicry if many more harmless prey species in the population evolve this type of mimicry? In comparison, what would happen to the effectiveness of Müllerian mimicry if a species that tastes bad evolves to resemble a species that stings?

Accepted Answer

A)  The effectiveness of Müllerian mimicry would be reduced, but the effectiveness of Batesian mimicry would be strengthened. 
B)  The effectiveness of Batesian mimicry would be reduced, but the effectiveness of Müllerian mimicry would be strengthened. 
C)  The effectiveness of both Batesian and Müllerian mimics would be reduced. 
D)  The effectiveness of both Batesian and Müllerian mimics would be strengthened. 
E)  There would be no change in the effectiveness of either type of mimicry. 
A)  The effectiveness of Müllerian mimicry would be reduced, but the effectiveness of Batesian mimicry would be strengthened. 
B)  The effectiveness of Batesian mimicry would be reduced, but the effectiveness of Müllerian mimicry would be strengthened. 
C)  The effectiveness of both Batesian and Müllerian mimics would be reduced. 
D)  The effectiveness of both Batesian and Müllerian mimics would be strengthened. 
E)  There would be no change in the effectiveness of either type of mimicry.

Question 7

In an Asian rice paddy, carp eat algae around the base of rice plants while a snail scrapes algae from the leaves and stem. The carp and snails can coexist in the same rice paddy because they

Accepted Answer

A)  occupy the same habitat but use the resources differently. 
B)  occupy the same habitat and use the same resources. 
C)  use the same resources but occupy different habitats. 
D)  occupy different habitats and use the resources differently. 
E)  work according to the competitive exclusion principle. 
A)  occupy the same habitat but use the resources differently. 
B)  occupy the same habitat and use the same resources. 
C)  use the same resources but occupy different habitats. 
D)  occupy different habitats and use the resources differently. 
E)  work according to the competitive exclusion principle.

Question 8

The study of the interrelationships of living organisms with one another and with their environment is known as

Accepted Answer

A)  a trophic level. 
B)  a food web. 
C)  a habitat. 
D)  a biosphere. 
E)  ecology. 
A)  a trophic level. 
B)  a food web. 
C)  a habitat. 
D)  a biosphere. 
E)  ecology.

Question 9

Which of the following is a density-independent factor?

Accepted Answer

A)  food supply 
B)  weather 
C)  shelter or nest space 
D)  disease 
E)  predators 
A)  food supply 
B)  weather 
C)  shelter or nest space 
D)  disease 
E)  predators

Question 10

The climax-pattern model states that the same area will always lead to a specific type of community if it is given a sufficient amount of time. Which of the following statements is true of this model?

Accepted Answer

A)  In recent times, this has been modified to recognize that while the area may return to the same community it may not have exactly the same species diversity. 
B)  In an area that has been disturbed, succession will result in the same community with the exactly same species diversity. 
C)  In an area that has been disturbed, succession will result in an entirely new community. 
D)  In an area that has been disturbed, primary succession must occur before secondary succession can reestablish the climax community. 
E)  In recent time, this model has been changed to state that the climax community cycles through a series of different dominant species. 
A)  In recent times, this has been modified to recognize that while the area may return to the same community it may not have exactly the same species diversity. 
B)  In an area that has been disturbed, succession will result in the same community with the exactly same species diversity. 
C)  In an area that has been disturbed, succession will result in an entirely new community. 
D)  In an area that has been disturbed, primary succession must occur before secondary succession can reestablish the climax community. 
E)  In recent time, this model has been changed to state that the climax community cycles through a series of different dominant species.

Question 11

Interaction between two species as both attempt to use the same environmental resources is

Accepted Answer

A)  competition. 
B)  commensalism. 
C)  parasitism. 
D)  predation. 
E)  symbiosis. 
A)  competition. 
B)  commensalism. 
C)  parasitism. 
D)  predation. 
E)  symbiosis.

Question 12

When the number of births exceeds the number of deaths, this results in

Accepted Answer

A)  population growth. 
B)  biotic potential. 
C)  environmental resistance. 
D)  carrying capacity. 
E)  population decrease. 
A)  population growth. 
B)  biotic potential. 
C)  environmental resistance. 
D)  carrying capacity. 
E)  population decrease.

Question 13

A population age structure diagram which shows the number of people in the pre-reproductive class is roughly equal to the number in the reproductive age class would be

Accepted Answer

A)  bell shaped. 
B)  narrow and roughly rectangular in shape. 
C)  pyramid shaped. 
D)  shaped like an inverted triangle. 
E)  irregularly shaped. 
A)  bell shaped. 
B)  narrow and roughly rectangular in shape. 
C)  pyramid shaped. 
D)  shaped like an inverted triangle. 
E)  irregularly shaped.

Question 14

A number of populations of different species interacting with one another is called

Accepted Answer

A)  competition. 
B)  a community. 
C)  an ecosystem. 
D)  predation. 
E)  symbiosis. 
A)  competition. 
B)  a community. 
C)  an ecosystem. 
D)  predation. 
E)  symbiosis.

Question 15

An ecosystem contains

Accepted Answer

A)  only the biotic (living) components of the environment. 
B)  only the abiotic (nonliving) components of the environment. 
C)  only the energy flow components of an environment. 
D)  both the living organisms and the abiotic components of the environment. 
E)  only the food relationships found in an environment. 
A)  only the biotic (living) components of the environment. 
B)  only the abiotic (nonliving) components of the environment. 
C)  only the energy flow components of an environment. 
D)  both the living organisms and the abiotic components of the environment. 
E)  only the food relationships found in an environment.

Question 16

Which of the following is an anti-predator defense mechanism?

Accepted Answer

A)  Plant chemicals, including coffee and tea caffeine, make caterpillars sick or jittery. 
B)  The large eyespots on a moth's wing are exposed abruptly to startle a hungry bird. 
C)  Many trees, vines, and shrubs have stems lines with long thorns. 
D)  Prairie dog towns always have several prairie "watchdogs" to alert them of approaching hawks and snakes. 
E)  All of the answer choices describe anti-predator defense mechanisms. 
A)  Plant chemicals, including coffee and tea caffeine, make caterpillars sick or jittery. 
B)  The large eyespots on a moth's wing are exposed abruptly to startle a hungry bird. 
C)  Many trees, vines, and shrubs have stems lines with long thorns. 
D)  Prairie dog towns always have several prairie "watchdogs" to alert them of approaching hawks and snakes. 
E)  All of the answer choices describe anti-predator defense mechanisms.

Question 17

You are on vacation in the Canadian Rocky Mountains and you observe that a massive forest fire has burned all the trees off the side of the mountain. The type of succession that occurs following the fire is

Accepted Answer

A)  secondary succession. 
B)  tertiary succession. 
C)  primary succession. 
D)  primary soil leaching. 
E)  facilitated succession. 
A)  secondary succession. 
B)  tertiary succession. 
C)  primary succession. 
D)  primary soil leaching. 
E)  facilitated succession.

Exam 34: Population and Community Ecology

Which of the following is correct when describing a predator-prey cycle?

List the features used to identify a species as opportunistic (r-strategist).

Primary succession takes much longer than secondary succession because it involves

The maximum population that the environment can support for an indefinite period of time is called the

A form of symbiosis in which one participant benefits while the other is unaffected is called

What would happen to the effectiveness of Batesian mimicry if many more harmless prey species in the population evolve this type of mimicry? In comparison, what would happen to the effectiveness of Müllerian mimicry if a species that tastes bad evolves to resemble a species that stings?

In an Asian rice paddy, carp eat algae around the base of rice plants while a snail scrapes algae from the leaves and stem. The carp and snails can coexist in the same rice paddy because they

The study of the interrelationships of living organisms with one another and with their environment is known as

Which of the following is a density-independent factor?

The climax-pattern model states that the same area will always lead to a specific type of community if it is given a sufficient amount of time. Which of the following statements is true of this model?

Interaction between two species as both attempt to use the same environmental resources is

When the number of births exceeds the number of deaths, this results in

A population age structure diagram which shows the number of people in the pre-reproductive class is roughly equal to the number in the reproductive age class would be

A number of populations of different species interacting with one another is called

An ecosystem contains

Which of the following is an anti-predator defense mechanism?

You are on vacation in the Canadian Rocky Mountains and you observe that a massive forest fire has burned all the trees off the side of the mountain. The type of succession that occurs following the fire is

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