Question 1

In the context of the negative explanatory style, which of the following best illustrates an internal attribution for a failure or setback?

Accepted Answer

A)  "It's a temporary setback." 
B)  "This ruins everything." 
C)  "It's my fault." 
D)  "The whole world is against me." 
A)  "It's a temporary setback." 
B)  "This ruins everything." 
C)  "It's my fault." 
D)  "The whole world is against me."

Question 2

According to Seligman, what is the cause of the near-epidemic levels of depression in the Western world?

Accepted Answer

A)  illusory correlations 
B)  self-focus and self-blame 
C)  close relationship with friends and relatives 
D)  lack of exercise 
A)  illusory correlations 
B)  self-focus and self-blame 
C)  close relationship with friends and relatives 
D)  lack of exercise

Question 3

Which of the following is FALSE about health and close relationships?

Accepted Answer

A)  Unmarried people tend to live healthier, longer lives than their married counterparts. 
B)  Those who have close relationships with friends and kin are less likely to die prematurely. 
C)  Those who enjoy close relationships eat better, exercise more, and smoke and drink less. 
D)  Lonely people often experience more stress and are more likely to commit suicide. 
A)  Unmarried people tend to live healthier, longer lives than their married counterparts. 
B)  Those who have close relationships with friends and kin are less likely to die prematurely. 
C)  Those who enjoy close relationships eat better, exercise more, and smoke and drink less. 
D)  Lonely people often experience more stress and are more likely to commit suicide.

Question 4

Which is NOT an example of how emotions are linked with illness?

Accepted Answer

A)  Heart disease has been linked with a competitive, anger-prone personality. 
B)  Depression is linked with heart disease. 
C)  Anger, depression, and stress are heartfelt emotions. 
D)  Stress decreases the production of inflammation-producing proteins. 
A)  Heart disease has been linked with a competitive, anger-prone personality. 
B)  Depression is linked with heart disease. 
C)  Anger, depression, and stress are heartfelt emotions. 
D)  Stress decreases the production of inflammation-producing proteins.

Question 5

A common conclusion reached by several studies involving thousands of people is that

Accepted Answer

A)  close relationships predict health. 
B)  close relationships promote stress and some forms of illness. 
C)  lonely people are better equipped to deal with stress than those with close relationships. 
D)  physical health is not linked to social support. 
A)  close relationships predict health. 
B)  close relationships promote stress and some forms of illness. 
C)  lonely people are better equipped to deal with stress than those with close relationships. 
D)  physical health is not linked to social support.

Question 6

Shy people tend to

Accepted Answer

A)  make a good first impression. 
B)  depersonalize social situations. 
C)  become disliked over time. 
D)  be self-conscious. 
A)  make a good first impression. 
B)  depersonalize social situations. 
C)  become disliked over time. 
D)  be self-conscious.

Question 7

Describe the relationship between poverty, inequality, health, and happiness.

Accepted Answer

The relationship between poverty, inequa

Question 8

In the context of health and illness, which of the following statements is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A)  Men have higher rates of hypertension and ulcers. 
B)  Women are more often sick. 
C)  Women are more likely than men to visit a physician. 
D)  Men use fewer prescription and nonprescription drugs. 
A)  Men have higher rates of hypertension and ulcers. 
B)  Women are more often sick. 
C)  Women are more likely than men to visit a physician. 
D)  Men use fewer prescription and nonprescription drugs.

Question 9

According to Lewinsohn and his colleagues (1985), which of the following does NOT belong in the vicious circle of depression?

Accepted Answer

A)  negative experiences 
B)  self-blame 
C)  depressed mood 
D)  defensive pessimism 
A)  negative experiences 
B)  self-blame 
C)  depressed mood 
D)  defensive pessimism

Question 10

Research investigating the nature of the connection between explanatory style and health has shown that people who routinely use the pessimistic style

Accepted Answer

A)  are more likely to experience illness. 
B)  are less likely to die at younger ages than optimists. 
C)  tend to be impulsive and resistant to influence. 
D)  tend to have highly active immune defenses. 
A)  are more likely to experience illness. 
B)  are less likely to die at younger ages than optimists. 
C)  tend to be impulsive and resistant to influence. 
D)  tend to have highly active immune defenses.

Question 11

Haemmerlie and Montgomery (1986) concluded that the success of their social skills training with shy men may have occurred because their program

Accepted Answer

A)  employed skilled counselors who took responsibility for inspiring the men to feel confident and competent. 
B)  included no counseling, so the participants made internal attributions for their success. 
C)  trained the participants in specific communication skills and mentored them throughout the program. 
D)  paved the way for conversational success by providing many external reasons for initiating conversation. 
A)  employed skilled counselors who took responsibility for inspiring the men to feel confident and competent. 
B)  included no counseling, so the participants made internal attributions for their success. 
C)  trained the participants in specific communication skills and mentored them throughout the program. 
D)  paved the way for conversational success by providing many external reasons for initiating conversation.

Question 12

Dr. Jones believes that when his diagnoses and treatments of patients go well it is because he is a great doctor. If something goes wrong, though, he says it is because the patients were not 100% truthful or a previous doctor made an error. This is an example of

Accepted Answer

A)  belief perseverance. 
B)  the self-serving bias. 
C)  the hindsight bias. 
D)  an illusory correlation. 
A)  belief perseverance. 
B)  the self-serving bias. 
C)  the hindsight bias. 
D)  an illusory correlation.

Question 13

Who is LEAST likely to feel anxious?

Accepted Answer

A)  Vanessa who is eating by herself in a local diner. 
B)  Uma who is giving a speech to a gathering of her professional peers. 
C)  Jake who is going to his first school dance. 
D)  Arnold who is being interviewed for a much-wanted job. 
A)  Vanessa who is eating by herself in a local diner. 
B)  Uma who is giving a speech to a gathering of her professional peers. 
C)  Jake who is going to his first school dance. 
D)  Arnold who is being interviewed for a much-wanted job.

Question 14

Research indicates that when interviewers are instructed to test for a trait, they tend to ask questions that show evidence of

Accepted Answer

A)  self-confirming diagnoses. 
B)  the illusion of control. 
C)  egocentric bias. 
D)  illusory correlations. 
A)  self-confirming diagnoses. 
B)  the illusion of control. 
C)  egocentric bias. 
D)  illusory correlations.

Question 15

According to Renaud and Estess (1961), therapists who expect to find evidence of early childhood traumas are likely to uncover such experiences among

Accepted Answer

A)  clients who are males. 
B)  clients who are real victims of childhood sex abuse. 
C)  clients who are healthy, successful adults. 
D)  all clients. 
A)  clients who are males. 
B)  clients who are real victims of childhood sex abuse. 
C)  clients who are healthy, successful adults. 
D)  all clients.

Question 16

According to James Maddux, professional clinicians are

Accepted Answer

A)  not vulnerable to insidious errors and biases. 
B)  seldom the victims of illusory correlation. 
C)  likely to overestimate their clinical intuition. 
D)  aware that erroneous diagnoses can be self-confirming. 
A)  not vulnerable to insidious errors and biases. 
B)  seldom the victims of illusory correlation. 
C)  likely to overestimate their clinical intuition. 
D)  aware that erroneous diagnoses can be self-confirming.

Question 17

Which of the following theories most clearly predicts that we will feel anxious when we are motivated to impress others but doubt our ability to do so?

Accepted Answer

A)  social learning theory 
B)  self-presentation theory 
C)  self-perception theory 
D)  cognitive dissonance theory 
A)  social learning theory 
B)  self-presentation theory 
C)  self-perception theory 
D)  cognitive dissonance theory

Question 18

_____ breaks the vicious circles that maintain depression, loneliness, and shyness by changing negative thought patterns about oneself and the future.

Accepted Answer

A)  Defensive pessimism 
B)  Explanatory style therapy 
C)  Nominative determinism 
D)  Behavioral modification therapy 
A)  Defensive pessimism 
B)  Explanatory style therapy 
C)  Nominative determinism 
D)  Behavioral modification therapy

In the context of the negative explanatory style, which of the following best illustrates an internal attribution for a failure or setback?

According to Seligman, what is the cause of the near-epidemic levels of depression in the Western world?

Which of the following is FALSE about health and close relationships?

Which is NOT an example of how emotions are linked with illness?

A common conclusion reached by several studies involving thousands of people is that

Shy people tend to

Describe the relationship between poverty, inequality, health, and happiness.

In the context of health and illness, which of the following statements is FALSE?

According to Lewinsohn and his colleagues (1985), which of the following does NOT belong in the vicious circle of depression?

Research investigating the nature of the connection between explanatory style and health has shown that people who routinely use the pessimistic style

Haemmerlie and Montgomery (1986) concluded that the success of their social skills training with shy men may have occurred because their program

Dr. Jones believes that when his diagnoses and treatments of patients go well it is because he is a great doctor. If something goes wrong, though, he says it is because the patients were not 100% truthful or a previous doctor made an error. This is an example of

Who is LEAST likely to feel anxious?

Research indicates that when interviewers are instructed to test for a trait, they tend to ask questions that show evidence of

According to Renaud and Estess (1961), therapists who expect to find evidence of early childhood traumas are likely to uncover such experiences among

According to James Maddux, professional clinicians are

Which of the following theories most clearly predicts that we will feel anxious when we are motivated to impress others but doubt our ability to do so?

_____ breaks the vicious circles that maintain depression, loneliness, and shyness by changing negative thought patterns about oneself and the future.

Thinking Critically With Psychological Science

The Biology of Mind

Consciousness and the Two-Track Mind

Nature, Nurture, and Human Diversity

Developing Through the Life Span

Sensation and Perception

Learning

Memory

Thinking and Language

Intelligence

What Drives Us: Hunger, Sex, Friendship, and Achievement

Emotions, Stress, and Health

Social Psychology

Psychological Disorders

Therapy

Filters

Exam 14: Personality

In the context of the negative explanatory style, which of the following best illustrates an internal attribution for a failure or setback?

According to Seligman, what is the cause of the near-epidemic levels of depression in the Western world?

Which of the following is FALSE about health and close relationships?

Which is NOT an example of how emotions are linked with illness?

A common conclusion reached by several studies involving thousands of people is that

Shy people tend to

Describe the relationship between poverty, inequality, health, and happiness.

In the context of health and illness, which of the following statements is FALSE?

According to Lewinsohn and his colleagues (1985), which of the following does NOT belong in the vicious circle of depression?

Research investigating the nature of the connection between explanatory style and health has shown that people who routinely use the pessimistic style

Haemmerlie and Montgomery (1986) concluded that the success of their social skills training with shy men may have occurred because their program

Dr. Jones believes that when his diagnoses and treatments of patients go well it is because he is a great doctor. If something goes wrong, though, he says it is because the patients were not 100% truthful or a previous doctor made an error. This is an example of

Who is LEAST likely to feel anxious?

Research indicates that when interviewers are instructed to test for a trait, they tend to ask questions that show evidence of

According to Renaud and Estess (1961), therapists who expect to find evidence of early childhood traumas are likely to uncover such experiences among

According to James Maddux, professional clinicians are

Which of the following theories most clearly predicts that we will feel anxious when we are motivated to impress others but doubt our ability to do so?

_____ breaks the vicious circles that maintain depression, loneliness, and shyness by changing negative thought patterns about oneself and the future.

Thinking Critically With Psychological Science

The Biology of Mind

Consciousness and the Two-Track Mind

Nature, Nurture, and Human Diversity

Developing Through the Life Span

Sensation and Perception

Learning

Memory

Thinking and Language

Intelligence

What Drives Us: Hunger, Sex, Friendship, and Achievement

Emotions, Stress, and Health

Social Psychology

Psychological Disorders

Therapy

Filters