Question 1

The similarity between chronically lonely people and depressed people with a negative explanatory style is that

Accepted Answer

A)  both blame others for poor social relationships. 
B)  both perceive their interactions as making the best impression. 
C)  both perceive others in a positive way. 
D)  both see most things as beyond their control. 
A)  both blame others for poor social relationships. 
B)  both perceive their interactions as making the best impression. 
C)  both perceive others in a positive way. 
D)  both see most things as beyond their control.

Question 2

Which of the following attributions regarding a failure or a setback illustrates specifically the global quality of a depressed person's explanatory style?

Accepted Answer

A)  "It's my fault." 
B)  "It's going to last forever." 
C)  "It's going to affect everything I do." 
D)  "It's the same with everybody." 
A)  "It's my fault." 
B)  "It's going to last forever." 
C)  "It's going to affect everything I do." 
D)  "It's the same with everybody."

Question 3

Yvonne, a college senior, is mildly depressed. Asked to describe herself, she notes both her positive and negative qualities. She recalls both past successes and failures and takes personal responsibility for both. Yvonne clearly illustrates the _____ effect.

Accepted Answer

A)  Forer 
B)  sadder-but-wiser 
C)  false consensus 
D)  pseudocentricity 
A)  Forer 
B)  sadder-but-wiser 
C)  false consensus 
D)  pseudocentricity

Question 4

In the context of estimating control, judgements, and accuracy, which of the following statements is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  Mildly depressed individuals make more self-serving judgments than do nondepressed individuals. 
B)  Mildly depressed people are less attuned to others' feelings than are nondepressed people. 
C)  Compared to depressed individuals, nondepressed individuals more accurately estimate their control over situations. 
D)  Mildly depressed individuals are often more accurate in their memories than nondepressed individuals. 
A)  Mildly depressed individuals make more self-serving judgments than do nondepressed individuals. 
B)  Mildly depressed people are less attuned to others' feelings than are nondepressed people. 
C)  Compared to depressed individuals, nondepressed individuals more accurately estimate their control over situations. 
D)  Mildly depressed individuals are often more accurate in their memories than nondepressed individuals.

Question 5

When researchers pit statistical prediction-such as predicting graduate school success using a formula that includes grades and aptitude scores-against interviewers' intuitive prediction,

Accepted Answer

A)  statistical prediction is usually superior to expert intuition. 
B)  expert intuition is usually superior to statistical intuition. 
C)  statistical prediction and expert intuition do equally well. 
D)  both methods usually fare no better than chance. 
A)  statistical prediction is usually superior to expert intuition. 
B)  expert intuition is usually superior to statistical intuition. 
C)  statistical prediction and expert intuition do equally well. 
D)  both methods usually fare no better than chance.

Question 6

Which of the following is NOT an example of one of the components of a pessimistic explanatory style?

Accepted Answer

A)  "This is all my fault." 
B)  "I've learned my lesson." 
C)  "This is going to ruin everything." 
D)  "Things are going to be terrible from now on." 
A)  "This is all my fault." 
B)  "I've learned my lesson." 
C)  "This is going to ruin everything." 
D)  "Things are going to be terrible from now on."

Question 7

Brodt and Zimbardo (1981) found that shy women were no longer shy when they

Accepted Answer

A)  were provided an alternative explanation for their social anxiety. 
B)  were provided alcohol before interacting with others. 
C)  discovered that most people feel shy. 
D)  were taught to blame their failures on circumstances beyond their control. 
A)  were provided an alternative explanation for their social anxiety. 
B)  were provided alcohol before interacting with others. 
C)  discovered that most people feel shy. 
D)  were taught to blame their failures on circumstances beyond their control.

Question 8

Brodt and Zimbardo (1981) found that shy women who were bombarded with loud noise and told that it would leave them _____ were subsequently _____ when interacting with a handsome male.

Accepted Answer

A)  with a pounding heart; no longer so shy 
B)  unaffected; no longer so shy 
C)  with a pounding heart; even more shy 
D)  unaffected; unaffected 
A)  with a pounding heart; no longer so shy 
B)  unaffected; no longer so shy 
C)  with a pounding heart; even more shy 
D)  unaffected; unaffected

Question 9

According to Seligman's (2002) analysis of the attitudes that promote near-epidemic levels of depression in today's Western world, most of us feel that, if we do not "make it" in today's world, we can blame

Accepted Answer

A)  our parents. 
B)  only the government. 
C)  the alienation of the modern world. 
D)  only ourselves. 
A)  our parents. 
B)  only the government. 
C)  the alienation of the modern world. 
D)  only ourselves.

Question 10

Research by Haemmerlie and Montgomery (1986) supported the notion that social skills training can lead shy men to

Accepted Answer

A)  become dependent on their therapist. 
B)  reduce their social anxiety. 
C)  increase their level of nervousness. 
D)  become more shy six months after treatment. 
A)  become dependent on their therapist. 
B)  reduce their social anxiety. 
C)  increase their level of nervousness. 
D)  become more shy six months after treatment.

Question 11

Define illusory correlation. Provide an example of it from your own life.

Accepted Answer

Illusory correlation is a cognitive bias

Question 12

According to the self-presentation theory, we will feel social anxiety when we are

Accepted Answer

A)  motivated to impress others but have self-doubts. 
B)  motivated and able to impress others, but they ignore us. 
C)  in any circumstance in which we can be observed. 
D)  deeply depressed about being alone. 
A)  motivated to impress others but have self-doubts. 
B)  motivated and able to impress others, but they ignore us. 
C)  in any circumstance in which we can be observed. 
D)  deeply depressed about being alone.

Question 13

As a result of participating in a program to help her quit smoking, Anne has not had a cigarette for three weeks. She is least likely to return to smoking if she attributes her success in quitting the habit to

Accepted Answer

A)  her own motivation. 
B)  the therapist who helped her quit. 
C)  the support of her friends. 
D)  the unique nature of the therapeutic program. 
A)  her own motivation. 
B)  the therapist who helped her quit. 
C)  the support of her friends. 
D)  the unique nature of the therapeutic program.

Question 14

Research has reported that newlywed couples who become angry while discussing problems

Accepted Answer

A)  experience catharsis and have better long-term relationships with their spouses. 
B)  are less susceptible to problems of depression and loneliness. 
C)  suffer more immune system suppression the next day. 
D)  are more prone to develop colon cancer in the subsequent six months. 
A)  experience catharsis and have better long-term relationships with their spouses. 
B)  are less susceptible to problems of depression and loneliness. 
C)  suffer more immune system suppression the next day. 
D)  are more prone to develop colon cancer in the subsequent six months.

Question 15

Shy, anxious people tend to

Accepted Answer

A)  overpersonalize situations. 
B)  be unaware of their self-consciousness. 
C)  see incidental events as irrelevant to themselves. 
D)  be assertive and disapproving. 
A)  overpersonalize situations. 
B)  be unaware of their self-consciousness. 
C)  see incidental events as irrelevant to themselves. 
D)  be assertive and disapproving.

Question 16

In comparison to those in Western cultures, depressed people in Japan are more likely to report feeling

Accepted Answer

A)  guilt and self-blame over personal failure. 
B)  shame over letting down their family or co-workers. 
C)  sad about social problems such as poverty and discrimination. 
D)  hopeless and helpless when things don't go well for them. 
A)  guilt and self-blame over personal failure. 
B)  shame over letting down their family or co-workers. 
C)  sad about social problems such as poverty and discrimination. 
D)  hopeless and helpless when things don't go well for them.

Question 17

Prediction is most likely to be accurate when based on

Accepted Answer

A)  statistics. 
B)  clinical intuition. 
C)  past experience. 
D)  instincts. 
A)  statistics. 
B)  clinical intuition. 
C)  past experience. 
D)  instincts.

Question 18

Which statement is NOT true about the impact of mood on human behavior and cognition?

Accepted Answer

A)  Moods modify memories. 
B)  Depressed moods cause negative thinking. 
C)  When we feel happy, we think happy. 
D)  Depressed moods don't affect behavior. 
A)  Moods modify memories. 
B)  Depressed moods cause negative thinking. 
C)  When we feel happy, we think happy. 
D)  Depressed moods don't affect behavior.

Question 19

Some physicians take credit when things go well but not take blame for failure. This is indicative of their _____ in research.

Accepted Answer

A)  self-serving bias 
B)  testing effect 
C)  impact bias 
D)  context effect 
A)  self-serving bias 
B)  testing effect 
C)  impact bias 
D)  context effect

Question 20

Following the suicide of a friend or family member, feelings of guilt are often magnified by

Accepted Answer

A)  illusory thinking. 
B)  the fundamental attribution error. 
C)  hindsight bias. 
D)  obscurantism. 
A)  illusory thinking. 
B)  the fundamental attribution error. 
C)  hindsight bias. 
D)  obscurantism.

The similarity between chronically lonely people and depressed people with a negative explanatory style is that

Which of the following attributions regarding a failure or a setback illustrates specifically the global quality of a depressed person's explanatory style?

Yvonne, a college senior, is mildly depressed. Asked to describe herself, she notes both her positive and negative qualities. She recalls both past successes and failures and takes personal responsibility for both. Yvonne clearly illustrates the _____ effect.

In the context of estimating control, judgements, and accuracy, which of the following statements is true?

When researchers pit statistical prediction-such as predicting graduate school success using a formula that includes grades and aptitude scores-against interviewers' intuitive prediction,

Which of the following is NOT an example of one of the components of a pessimistic explanatory style?

Brodt and Zimbardo (1981) found that shy women were no longer shy when they

Brodt and Zimbardo (1981) found that shy women who were bombarded with loud noise and told that it would leave them _ were subsequently _ when interacting with a handsome male.

According to Seligman's (2002) analysis of the attitudes that promote near-epidemic levels of depression in today's Western world, most of us feel that, if we do not "make it" in today's world, we can blame

Research by Haemmerlie and Montgomery (1986) supported the notion that social skills training can lead shy men to

Define illusory correlation. Provide an example of it from your own life.

According to the self-presentation theory, we will feel social anxiety when we are

As a result of participating in a program to help her quit smoking, Anne has not had a cigarette for three weeks. She is least likely to return to smoking if she attributes her success in quitting the habit to

Research has reported that newlywed couples who become angry while discussing problems

Shy, anxious people tend to

In comparison to those in Western cultures, depressed people in Japan are more likely to report feeling

Prediction is most likely to be accurate when based on

Which statement is NOT true about the impact of mood on human behavior and cognition?

Some physicians take credit when things go well but not take blame for failure. This is indicative of their _____ in research.

Following the suicide of a friend or family member, feelings of guilt are often magnified by

Thinking Critically With Psychological Science

The Biology of Mind

Consciousness and the Two-Track Mind

Nature, Nurture, and Human Diversity

Developing Through the Life Span

Sensation and Perception

Learning

Memory

Thinking and Language

Intelligence

What Drives Us: Hunger, Sex, Friendship, and Achievement

Emotions, Stress, and Health

Social Psychology

Psychological Disorders

Therapy

Filters

Exam 14: Personality

The similarity between chronically lonely people and depressed people with a negative explanatory style is that

Which of the following attributions regarding a failure or a setback illustrates specifically the global quality of a depressed person's explanatory style?

Yvonne, a college senior, is mildly depressed. Asked to describe herself, she notes both her positive and negative qualities. She recalls both past successes and failures and takes personal responsibility for both. Yvonne clearly illustrates the _____ effect.

In the context of estimating control, judgements, and accuracy, which of the following statements is true?

When researchers pit statistical prediction-such as predicting graduate school success using a formula that includes grades and aptitude scores-against interviewers' intuitive prediction,

Which of the following is NOT an example of one of the components of a pessimistic explanatory style?

Brodt and Zimbardo (1981) found that shy women were no longer shy when they

Brodt and Zimbardo (1981) found that shy women who were bombarded with loud noise and told that it would leave them _____ were subsequently _____ when interacting with a handsome male.

According to Seligman's (2002) analysis of the attitudes that promote near-epidemic levels of depression in today's Western world, most of us feel that, if we do not "make it" in today's world, we can blame

Research by Haemmerlie and Montgomery (1986) supported the notion that social skills training can lead shy men to

Define illusory correlation. Provide an example of it from your own life.

According to the self-presentation theory, we will feel social anxiety when we are

As a result of participating in a program to help her quit smoking, Anne has not had a cigarette for three weeks. She is least likely to return to smoking if she attributes her success in quitting the habit to

Research has reported that newlywed couples who become angry while discussing problems

Shy, anxious people tend to

In comparison to those in Western cultures, depressed people in Japan are more likely to report feeling

Prediction is most likely to be accurate when based on

Which statement is NOT true about the impact of mood on human behavior and cognition?

Some physicians take credit when things go well but not take blame for failure. This is indicative of their _____ in research.

Following the suicide of a friend or family member, feelings of guilt are often magnified by

Thinking Critically With Psychological Science

The Biology of Mind

Consciousness and the Two-Track Mind

Nature, Nurture, and Human Diversity

Developing Through the Life Span

Sensation and Perception

Learning

Memory

Thinking and Language

Intelligence

What Drives Us: Hunger, Sex, Friendship, and Achievement

Emotions, Stress, and Health

Social Psychology

Psychological Disorders

Therapy

Filters

Brodt and Zimbardo (1981) found that shy women who were bombarded with loud noise and told that it would leave them _ were subsequently _ when interacting with a handsome male.