Question 1

Discuss depressive realism and negative explanatory style.

Accepted Answer

Depressive realism is a theory that sugg

Question 2

The vicious circle of depression is usually triggered by negative experiences that lead directly to

Accepted Answer

A)  self-focused rumination and self-blame. 
B)  depressed moods. 
C)  further negative experiences. 
D)  blaming others for the negative experiences. 
A)  self-focused rumination and self-blame. 
B)  depressed moods. 
C)  further negative experiences. 
D)  blaming others for the negative experiences.

Question 3

Research suggests that a person's future academic success can be better predicted with

Accepted Answer

A)  statistics. 
B)  intuitions. 
C)  self reports. 
D)  peer reviews. 
A)  statistics. 
B)  intuitions. 
C)  self reports. 
D)  peer reviews.

Question 4

Studies show that college students who have depressed roommates tend to become

Accepted Answer

A)  somewhat depressed themselves. 
B)  more accepting of people suffering from psychological disorders. 
C)  more optimistic about their own lives. 
D)  more studious and committed to achieving academic success. 
A)  somewhat depressed themselves. 
B)  more accepting of people suffering from psychological disorders. 
C)  more optimistic about their own lives. 
D)  more studious and committed to achieving academic success.

Question 5

Marriage enhances happiness for which of the following reasons?

Accepted Answer

A)  It provides unlimited sex to both partners. 
B)  It constantly provides financial security to the female partner. 
C)  It provides additional sources of self-esteem. 
D)  It guarantees people long-lasting relationship and good health. 
A)  It provides unlimited sex to both partners. 
B)  It constantly provides financial security to the female partner. 
C)  It provides additional sources of self-esteem. 
D)  It guarantees people long-lasting relationship and good health.

Question 6

The Type A behavior pattern is associated with

Accepted Answer

A)  success in coping with stress. 
B)  individuals with lower levels of stress. 
C)  an increased risk of heart disease. 
D)  overall life satisfaction and coping. 
A)  success in coping with stress. 
B)  individuals with lower levels of stress. 
C)  an increased risk of heart disease. 
D)  overall life satisfaction and coping.

Question 7

Snyder and Swann (1984) gave students some hypotheses to test concerning individuals' traits, and found that people often tested for a trait by

Accepted Answer

A)  asking questions related to childhood experiences. 
B)  looking for information that would contradict it. 
C)  looking for information that would confirm it. 
D)  asking very specific questions to disprove it. 
A)  asking questions related to childhood experiences. 
B)  looking for information that would contradict it. 
C)  looking for information that would confirm it. 
D)  asking very specific questions to disprove it.

Question 8

Maxwell, a college junior, suffers from chronic depression. After learning that he has performed poorly on his chemistry test, he is most likely to say,

Accepted Answer

A)  "The test was not a fair assessment of what I actually know." 
B)  "My chemistry professor does not grade his tests fairly." 
C)  "I'm incompetent and probably always will be." 
D)  "I am sure most people did poorly on the test." 
A)  "The test was not a fair assessment of what I actually know." 
B)  "My chemistry professor does not grade his tests fairly." 
C)  "I'm incompetent and probably always will be." 
D)  "I am sure most people did poorly on the test."

Question 9

Compared to depressed people, nondepressed people

Accepted Answer

A)  exaggerate their control of events around them. 
B)  have realistic perceptions of the good and bad things that the future holds. 
C)  readily accept responsibility for both successes and failures. 
D)  make more accurate judgements. 
A)  exaggerate their control of events around them. 
B)  have realistic perceptions of the good and bad things that the future holds. 
C)  readily accept responsibility for both successes and failures. 
D)  make more accurate judgements.

Question 10

In the context of comparison drawn between clinical and statistical prediction, efforts to predict new business risks, credit risks, and career satisfaction specifically relate to _____ outcomes.

Accepted Answer

A)  medical 
B)  miscellaneous 
C)  economic 
D)  government agency 
A)  medical 
B)  miscellaneous 
C)  economic 
D)  government agency

Question 11

In the context of implications for better clinical practice, one important effect of hindsight is that it can

Accepted Answer

A)  eliminate the tendency to see relationships that you expect to see. 
B)  lead to increased cautiousness and decreased confidence. 
C)  lead to both overconfidence and the tendency to judge yourself too harshly. 
D)  be very helpful in developing hypotheses about personality traits. 
A)  eliminate the tendency to see relationships that you expect to see. 
B)  lead to increased cautiousness and decreased confidence. 
C)  lead to both overconfidence and the tendency to judge yourself too harshly. 
D)  be very helpful in developing hypotheses about personality traits.

Question 12

Psychology's contribution to the interdisciplinary field of behavioral medicine is

Accepted Answer

A)  parapsychology. 
B)  psychiatry. 
C)  behavioral analysis. 
D)  health psychology. 
A)  parapsychology. 
B)  psychiatry. 
C)  behavioral analysis. 
D)  health psychology.

Question 13

Chapman and Chapman had college students and professional clinicians study the relationship between patients' test performances and diagnoses. They found that

Accepted Answer

A)  if students or clinicians expected a particular association, they generally perceived it. 
B)  students and clinicians only saw relationships that were supported by the data. 
C)  professional clinicians were more accurate than students in assessing relationships. 
D)  students and clinicians only recognized positive relationships if the actual correlations were greater than 0.75. 
A)  if students or clinicians expected a particular association, they generally perceived it. 
B)  students and clinicians only saw relationships that were supported by the data. 
C)  professional clinicians were more accurate than students in assessing relationships. 
D)  students and clinicians only recognized positive relationships if the actual correlations were greater than 0.75.

Question 14

Mendonca and Brehm (1983) found that overweight children were more likely to lose weight both at the end of the 8-week program and 3 months later if they

Accepted Answer

A)  felt responsible for choosing their weight-loss program. 
B)  were regularly monitored and penalized for breaking rules. 
C)  were praised and rewarded for even minor weight loss. 
D)  had been assigned to their "least preferred" treatment program. 
A)  felt responsible for choosing their weight-loss program. 
B)  were regularly monitored and penalized for breaking rules. 
C)  were praised and rewarded for even minor weight loss. 
D)  had been assigned to their "least preferred" treatment program.

Question 15

When faced with a difficult situation, short-term depression protects us by

Accepted Answer

A)  slowing us down. 
B)  redirecting our energy. 
C)  reassessing the situation. 
D)  all of the above. 
A)  slowing us down. 
B)  redirecting our energy. 
C)  reassessing the situation. 
D)  all of the above.

Question 16

In the industrialized world, at least _____ of all deaths are linked with behaviors that people choose to do, like smoking, drinking, and not exercising.

Accepted Answer

A)  5 percent 
B)  25 percent 
C)  50 percent 
D)  75 percent 
A)  5 percent 
B)  25 percent 
C)  50 percent 
D)  75 percent

Question 17

Women who had been sexually abused reported more health problems, especially if they had

Accepted Answer

A)  not seen a therapist. 
B)  kept their abuse secret. 
C)  not confronted their abuser 
D)  confronted their abuser. 
A)  not seen a therapist. 
B)  kept their abuse secret. 
C)  not confronted their abuser 
D)  confronted their abuser.

Question 18

For most people, the tendency to be cautious and self-protective in some social situations can result in all of the following EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A)  talking less. 
B)  being agreeable and smiling. 
C)  being guarded about ourselves. 
D)  being assertive. 
A)  talking less. 
B)  being agreeable and smiling. 
C)  being guarded about ourselves. 
D)  being assertive.

Question 19

Clinical judgments are vulnerable to all of the following EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A)  illusory correlations. 
B)  the hindsight bias. 
C)  overconfidence. 
D)  illusions of control. 
A)  illusory correlations. 
B)  the hindsight bias. 
C)  overconfidence. 
D)  illusions of control.

Question 20

A growing body of evidence reveals that people who undergo highly stressful experiences become

Accepted Answer

A)  more resistant to low-level illnesses like colds and flu. 
B)  more vulnerable to disease. 
C)  less self-disclosing and more socially isolated. 
D)  stronger and more socially skilled than less stressed people. 
A)  more resistant to low-level illnesses like colds and flu. 
B)  more vulnerable to disease. 
C)  less self-disclosing and more socially isolated. 
D)  stronger and more socially skilled than less stressed people.

Discuss depressive realism and negative explanatory style.

The vicious circle of depression is usually triggered by negative experiences that lead directly to

Research suggests that a person's future academic success can be better predicted with

Studies show that college students who have depressed roommates tend to become

Marriage enhances happiness for which of the following reasons?

The Type A behavior pattern is associated with

Snyder and Swann (1984) gave students some hypotheses to test concerning individuals' traits, and found that people often tested for a trait by

Maxwell, a college junior, suffers from chronic depression. After learning that he has performed poorly on his chemistry test, he is most likely to say,

Compared to depressed people, nondepressed people

In the context of comparison drawn between clinical and statistical prediction, efforts to predict new business risks, credit risks, and career satisfaction specifically relate to _____ outcomes.

In the context of implications for better clinical practice, one important effect of hindsight is that it can

Psychology's contribution to the interdisciplinary field of behavioral medicine is

Chapman and Chapman had college students and professional clinicians study the relationship between patients' test performances and diagnoses. They found that

Mendonca and Brehm (1983) found that overweight children were more likely to lose weight both at the end of the 8-week program and 3 months later if they

When faced with a difficult situation, short-term depression protects us by

In the industrialized world, at least _____ of all deaths are linked with behaviors that people choose to do, like smoking, drinking, and not exercising.

Women who had been sexually abused reported more health problems, especially if they had

For most people, the tendency to be cautious and self-protective in some social situations can result in all of the following EXCEPT

Clinical judgments are vulnerable to all of the following EXCEPT

A growing body of evidence reveals that people who undergo highly stressful experiences become

Thinking Critically With Psychological Science

The Biology of Mind

Consciousness and the Two-Track Mind

Nature, Nurture, and Human Diversity

Developing Through the Life Span

Sensation and Perception

Learning

Memory

Thinking and Language

Intelligence

What Drives Us: Hunger, Sex, Friendship, and Achievement

Emotions, Stress, and Health

Social Psychology

Psychological Disorders

Therapy

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Exam 14: Personality

Discuss depressive realism and negative explanatory style.

The vicious circle of depression is usually triggered by negative experiences that lead directly to

Research suggests that a person's future academic success can be better predicted with

Studies show that college students who have depressed roommates tend to become

Marriage enhances happiness for which of the following reasons?

The Type A behavior pattern is associated with

Snyder and Swann (1984) gave students some hypotheses to test concerning individuals' traits, and found that people often tested for a trait by

Maxwell, a college junior, suffers from chronic depression. After learning that he has performed poorly on his chemistry test, he is most likely to say,

Compared to depressed people, nondepressed people

In the context of comparison drawn between clinical and statistical prediction, efforts to predict new business risks, credit risks, and career satisfaction specifically relate to _____ outcomes.

In the context of implications for better clinical practice, one important effect of hindsight is that it can

Psychology's contribution to the interdisciplinary field of behavioral medicine is

Chapman and Chapman had college students and professional clinicians study the relationship between patients' test performances and diagnoses. They found that

Mendonca and Brehm (1983) found that overweight children were more likely to lose weight both at the end of the 8-week program and 3 months later if they

When faced with a difficult situation, short-term depression protects us by

In the industrialized world, at least _____ of all deaths are linked with behaviors that people choose to do, like smoking, drinking, and not exercising.

Women who had been sexually abused reported more health problems, especially if they had

For most people, the tendency to be cautious and self-protective in some social situations can result in all of the following EXCEPT

Clinical judgments are vulnerable to all of the following EXCEPT

A growing body of evidence reveals that people who undergo highly stressful experiences become

Thinking Critically With Psychological Science

The Biology of Mind

Consciousness and the Two-Track Mind

Nature, Nurture, and Human Diversity

Developing Through the Life Span

Sensation and Perception

Learning

Memory

Thinking and Language

Intelligence

What Drives Us: Hunger, Sex, Friendship, and Achievement

Emotions, Stress, and Health

Social Psychology

Psychological Disorders

Therapy

Filters