Exam 2: Methodology: How Social Psychologists Do Research

________ is defined by the authors of your text as an experiment conducted in natural settings rather than in the laboratory.

When a person agrees to participate in an experiment in full awareness of the nature of the experiment, which has been provided prior to their participation, the participant has provided

Julia reads a research study which shows that when children have a mother who talks about emotions with them, the children tend to be more empathetic. Julia scoffs, "This is obvious; I could have told you that!" Julia's reaction to the study is an example of

In reading descriptions of the behaviors of the New York University students who participated in Latané and Darley's (1968) experiment on bystander intervention, you wonder whether a similar study conducted in Tokyo in 1968 would have yielded the same results as those participants from NYU. In essence, your question is, "Will these results generalize across ________?"

Which of the following is least relevant to the experimental method?

A researcher conducted a study and found a positive correlation between age and income level. In other words, this researcher found that as age ________, income level tends to ________.

Consider the following survey item: "If you found yourself on an airplane with engine problems, would you ________?" Most social psychologists would not include such an item on their survey because most respondents would

Dr. Julian conducts an experiment to test the hypothesis that when more witnesses to a crime are present, any one witness is less likely to help the victim. After providing a cover story, she randomly assigns participants to witness a staged crime either alone, in the presence of two other people, or in the presence of ten other people. Then, she assesses how many people make an effort to help. Identify the independent and dependent variables in this study.

Based on the error in sampling in political polls that was described in your text, how would you recommend obtaining a representative sample for a poll (survey) about political candidates?

________ allows researchers to rule out differences among participants as the cause of differences in the dependent variable.

There is invariably a trade-off between ________ and ________ in social psychology experiments.

Research that examines the effects of deception experiments on participants has found that

Suppose the research by Donnerstein and Berkowitz (1981) regarding the role of violent pornography on aggression could be generalized to women aggressors. What could you conclude?

Maisie was very upset after she participated in an experiment. During the _______, the research made sure that she understood that the situation was not real, and made sure that Maisie was calm and happy before leaving.

A researcher has recorded that on the playground, boys are more likely to use physical aggression to get what they want, but that girls are more likely to use verbal aggression to get what they want. This researcher most likely employed a(n) ________ research method.

Tony has been doing research on age and aggression. He has discovered that the older a person gets, the less likely he or she is to aggress against another person. What kind of relationship best describes Tony's findings?

Satisfying intellectual curiosity describes ________ research, while solving social problems describes ________ research.

Did the participants in Latané and Darley's (1968) bystander intervention experiment think what Kitty Genovese's neighbors thought? Did they feel what her neighbors felt? These questions address the ________ of their experiment.

Social psychologists seldom address the question of external validity by conducting their experiments on random samples of people from all over. All of the following are reasons for this except

A developmental psychologist who used the correlational method found that there was a positive correlation between children's self-esteem and their academic achievement. First, what does a positive correlation mean in this case? Second, how might these results be explained?