Question 1

When researchers say that there is a relationship between two variables, this means

Accepted Answer

A)  that you can predict one from the other. 
B)  they are very similar to each other. 
C)  one is causing the other. 
D)  they are equal to each other. 
A)  that you can predict one from the other. 
B)  they are very similar to each other. 
C)  one is causing the other. 
D)  they are equal to each other. A

Question 2

According to the authors of your text, the hindsight bias is

Accepted Answer

A)  the tendency for people to exaggerate how much they could have predicted an outcome after knowing that it occurred. 
B)  the level of agreement between two or more people who independently observe and code a set of data. 
C)  a form of the observational method in which the researcher examines the accumulated documents of a culture. 
D)  the extent to which results of a study can be generalized to other situations and to other people. 
A)  the tendency for people to exaggerate how much they could have predicted an outcome after knowing that it occurred. 
B)  the level of agreement between two or more people who independently observe and code a set of data. 
C)  a form of the observational method in which the researcher examines the accumulated documents of a culture. 
D)  the extent to which results of a study can be generalized to other situations and to other people. A

Question 3

Which statement below best captures the major ethical dilemma faced by experimental social psychologists?

Accepted Answer

A)  With the advent of new technologies, it is easier than ever to fake data. 
B)  That which is good science may not always be ethical science. 
C)  It is necessary to lie to discover the truth. 
D)  Research results can be misused by those in power. 
A)  With the advent of new technologies, it is easier than ever to fake data. 
B)  That which is good science may not always be ethical science. 
C)  It is necessary to lie to discover the truth. 
D)  Research results can be misused by those in power. B

Question 4

Because evolutionary psychology is based on assumptions of conditions thousands of years ago that led to the reproductive success of some more so than others, it makes evolutionary hypotheses

Accepted Answer

A)  difficult to test experimentally. 
B)  some of the best for otherwise inexplicable results. 
C)  only suitable for observational studies. 
D)  perfectly suited for ethnographic methods. 
A)  difficult to test experimentally. 
B)  some of the best for otherwise inexplicable results. 
C)  only suitable for observational studies. 
D)  perfectly suited for ethnographic methods.

Question 5

Researchers Baron and Straus (1984) found a positive correlation between the number of sexually explicit magazines sold in different states and the number of reported rapes in each of those states. They refrained from concluding that exposure to pornography caused men to rape because of the potential influence of a third variable. Which of the following might constitute that third variable?

Accepted Answer

A)  sales of explicit magazines in those states 
B)  number of reported rapes in those states 
C)  exposure to pornography in those states 
D)  a hypermasculine culture in those states 
A)  sales of explicit magazines in those states 
B)  number of reported rapes in those states 
C)  exposure to pornography in those states 
D)  a hypermasculine culture in those states

Question 6

Complete the following analogy about research methods in social psychology: description: _________:: _________: experimental.

Accepted Answer

A)  observational; correlational 
B)  correlational; experimental 
C)  experimental; observational 
D)  observational; causality 
A)  observational; correlational 
B)  correlational; experimental 
C)  experimental; observational 
D)  observational; causality

Question 7

One main reason why social psychologists may elect to use deception in their studies is that it

Accepted Answer

A)  allows for stronger p-values to occur. 
B)  creates a situation in which participants experience contrived events as though they were real. 
C)  ensures that all participants in an experiment are treated equally. 
D)  can be easier to deceive naïve participants than to tell the truth and provide a complex explanation. 
A)  allows for stronger p-values to occur. 
B)  creates a situation in which participants experience contrived events as though they were real. 
C)  ensures that all participants in an experiment are treated equally. 
D)  can be easier to deceive naïve participants than to tell the truth and provide a complex explanation.

Question 8

Which of the following techniques is most likely to be used by social neuroscientists?

Accepted Answer

A)  ethnography 
B)  archival research 
C)  functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) 
D)  field experiments 
A)  ethnography 
B)  archival research 
C)  functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) 
D)  field experiments

Question 9

A cult in the 1950s believed that the world was coming to an end very soon. Researchers Leon Festinger and his colleagues studied this cult by joining the group and pretending to share these beliefs. What research method were they using?

Accepted Answer

A)  archival analysis 
B)  ethnography 
C)  correlational study 
D)  field experiment 
A)  archival analysis 
B)  ethnography 
C)  correlational study 
D)  field experiment

Question 10

A recent study found that the more time fathers spend with their children, the less likely they are to abuse their children. Which of the following is the most valid interpretation of this finding?

Accepted Answer

A)  Fathers who spend a lot of time with their children are more likely to develop loving relationships, reducing the likelihood that they will abuse their children. 
B)  Many fathers who abuse their children feel guilty and thus avoid spending time with their children. 
C)  There is some third variable, such as having an anti-social personality, that increases the likelihood that fathers will abuse their children and that they will spend little time with them. 
D)  Either A, B, or C could be true, and one can't tell which, based on the results of the study. 
A)  Fathers who spend a lot of time with their children are more likely to develop loving relationships, reducing the likelihood that they will abuse their children. 
B)  Many fathers who abuse their children feel guilty and thus avoid spending time with their children. 
C)  There is some third variable, such as having an anti-social personality, that increases the likelihood that fathers will abuse their children and that they will spend little time with them. 
D)  Either A, B, or C could be true, and one can't tell which, based on the results of the study.

Question 11

Knowing the experiment's purpose can alter participants' behavior. This is a major problem with

Accepted Answer

A)  debriefing 
B)  informed consent 
C)  archival research 
D)  basic research 
A)  debriefing 
B)  informed consent 
C)  archival research 
D)  basic research

Question 12

How do social psychologists who do basic research differ from social psychologists who do applied research?

Accepted Answer

Basic research is conducted to satisfy s

Question 13

A researcher interested in testing a ________ hypothesis would be most likely to conduct an experiment.

Accepted Answer

A)  descriptive 
B)  correlational 
C)  causal 
D)  theoretical 
A)  descriptive 
B)  correlational 
C)  causal 
D)  theoretical

Question 14

Dr. Linh uses an electroencephalograph (EEG) to detect patterns of brain activity as her participants argue with their romantic partners. Dr. Linh can best be described as a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)  neurologist. 
B)  evolutionary psychologist. 
C)  social neuroscientist. 
D)  psychiatrist. 
A)  neurologist. 
B)  evolutionary psychologist. 
C)  social neuroscientist. 
D)  psychiatrist.

Question 15

In the 1950s, Leon Festinger arrived at a theory of attitude change that was at odds with the psychological "wisdom" of the day. The genesis of this theory-cognitive dissonance theory-demonstrates the authors' point that many ideas in social psychology are

Accepted Answer

A)  best viewed as "common sense." 
B)  the result of dissatisfaction with current theories. 
C)  based on researchers' personal experiences. 
D)  applicable only to the current historical era. 
A)  best viewed as "common sense." 
B)  the result of dissatisfaction with current theories. 
C)  based on researchers' personal experiences. 
D)  applicable only to the current historical era.

Question 16

In an experiment, the independent variable is ________ and the dependent variable is ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  varied; measured 
B)  measured; varied 
C)  varied; randomly assigned 
D)  measured; manipulated 
A)  varied; measured 
B)  measured; varied 
C)  varied; randomly assigned 
D)  measured; manipulated

Question 17

A researcher discovers a strong positive correlation between ice cream sales and the incidence of violent crimes. Based on this, we can conclude that

Accepted Answer

A)  we should recommend cutbacks in the sales of ice cream because it unexpectedly seems to increase aggression. 
B)  if we manage to control crime rates, ice cream sales will probably decrease. 
C)  somehow eating ice cream is causing people to become violent. 
D)  on a day when ice cream sales are high, there are likely to be more violent crimes. 
A)  we should recommend cutbacks in the sales of ice cream because it unexpectedly seems to increase aggression. 
B)  if we manage to control crime rates, ice cream sales will probably decrease. 
C)  somehow eating ice cream is causing people to become violent. 
D)  on a day when ice cream sales are high, there are likely to be more violent crimes.

Question 18

The authors of your text discuss the idea that social psychology progresses through the process of theory refinement. Which of the following is the best summary of theory refinement?

Accepted Answer

A)  Theories are developed and debated by experts in the field. 
B)  When hypotheses are proven, they become theories. 
C)  Theories are developed, hypotheses are proposed and tested, and then theories are revised. 
D)  Hypotheses are proposed and tested at least three times by different researchers before altering a theory. 
A)  Theories are developed and debated by experts in the field. 
B)  When hypotheses are proven, they become theories. 
C)  Theories are developed, hypotheses are proposed and tested, and then theories are revised. 
D)  Hypotheses are proposed and tested at least three times by different researchers before altering a theory.

Question 19

Which of the following explanations for the failure of neighbors to come to Kitty Genovese's aid best reflects the idea of diffusion of responsibility?

Accepted Answer

A)  The cost of intervening was too high, so neighbors didn't help. 
B)  The neighbors did not interpret her cries as an emergency, so they didn't intervene. 
C)  Urban dwellers are especially callous when it comes to giving aid. 
D)  There were so many witnesses that no single person felt responsible to intervene. 
A)  The cost of intervening was too high, so neighbors didn't help. 
B)  The neighbors did not interpret her cries as an emergency, so they didn't intervene. 
C)  Urban dwellers are especially callous when it comes to giving aid. 
D)  There were so many witnesses that no single person felt responsible to intervene.

Question 20

Complete the following analogy: independent variable is to ________ as dependent variable is to ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  relationship; direction 
B)  hypothesis; evidence 
C)  varied; measured 
D)  internal validity; external validity 
A)  relationship; direction 
B)  hypothesis; evidence 
C)  varied; measured 
D)  internal validity; external validity

When researchers say that there is a relationship between two variables, this means

According to the authors of your text, the hindsight bias is

Which statement below best captures the major ethical dilemma faced by experimental social psychologists?

Because evolutionary psychology is based on assumptions of conditions thousands of years ago that led to the reproductive success of some more so than others, it makes evolutionary hypotheses

Complete the following analogy about research methods in social psychology: description: _:: _: experimental.

One main reason why social psychologists may elect to use deception in their studies is that it

Which of the following techniques is most likely to be used by social neuroscientists?

A cult in the 1950s believed that the world was coming to an end very soon. Researchers Leon Festinger and his colleagues studied this cult by joining the group and pretending to share these beliefs. What research method were they using?

A recent study found that the more time fathers spend with their children, the less likely they are to abuse their children. Which of the following is the most valid interpretation of this finding?

Knowing the experiment's purpose can alter participants' behavior. This is a major problem with

How do social psychologists who do basic research differ from social psychologists who do applied research?

A researcher interested in testing a ________ hypothesis would be most likely to conduct an experiment.

Dr. Linh uses an electroencephalograph (EEG) to detect patterns of brain activity as her participants argue with their romantic partners. Dr. Linh can best be described as a(n)

In the 1950s, Leon Festinger arrived at a theory of attitude change that was at odds with the psychological "wisdom" of the day. The genesis of this theory-cognitive dissonance theory-demonstrates the authors' point that many ideas in social psychology are

In an experiment, the independent variable is and the dependent variable is .

A researcher discovers a strong positive correlation between ice cream sales and the incidence of violent crimes. Based on this, we can conclude that

The authors of your text discuss the idea that social psychology progresses through the process of theory refinement. Which of the following is the best summary of theory refinement?

Which of the following explanations for the failure of neighbors to come to Kitty Genovese's aid best reflects the idea of diffusion of responsibility?

Complete the following analogy: independent variable is to as dependent variable is to .

Introducing Social Psychology

Social Cognition: How We Think About the Social World

Social Perception: How We Come to Understand Other People

The Self: Understanding Ourselves in a Social Context

The Need to Justify Our Actions

Attitudes and Attitude Change: Influencing Thoughts and Feelings

Conformity: Influencing Behavior

Group Processes: Influence in Social Groups

Interpersonal Attraction: From First Impressions to Close Relationships

Prosocial Behavior: Why Do People Help

Aggression: Why Do We Hurt Other People Can We Prevent It

Prejudice: Causes and Cures

Social Psychology in Action 1: Making a Difference With Social Psychology: Attaining a Sustainable Future

Social Psychology in Action 2: Social Psychology and Health

Social Psychology in Action 3: Social Psychology and the Law

Filters

Exam 2: Methodology: How Social Psychologists Do Research

When researchers say that there is a relationship between two variables, this means

According to the authors of your text, the hindsight bias is

Which statement below best captures the major ethical dilemma faced by experimental social psychologists?

Because evolutionary psychology is based on assumptions of conditions thousands of years ago that led to the reproductive success of some more so than others, it makes evolutionary hypotheses

Complete the following analogy about research methods in social psychology: description: _________:: _________: experimental.

One main reason why social psychologists may elect to use deception in their studies is that it

Which of the following techniques is most likely to be used by social neuroscientists?

A cult in the 1950s believed that the world was coming to an end very soon. Researchers Leon Festinger and his colleagues studied this cult by joining the group and pretending to share these beliefs. What research method were they using?

A recent study found that the more time fathers spend with their children, the less likely they are to abuse their children. Which of the following is the most valid interpretation of this finding?

Knowing the experiment's purpose can alter participants' behavior. This is a major problem with

How do social psychologists who do basic research differ from social psychologists who do applied research?

A researcher interested in testing a ________ hypothesis would be most likely to conduct an experiment.

Dr. Linh uses an electroencephalograph (EEG) to detect patterns of brain activity as her participants argue with their romantic partners. Dr. Linh can best be described as a(n)

In the 1950s, Leon Festinger arrived at a theory of attitude change that was at odds with the psychological "wisdom" of the day. The genesis of this theory-cognitive dissonance theory-demonstrates the authors' point that many ideas in social psychology are

In an experiment, the independent variable is ________ and the dependent variable is ________.

A researcher discovers a strong positive correlation between ice cream sales and the incidence of violent crimes. Based on this, we can conclude that

The authors of your text discuss the idea that social psychology progresses through the process of theory refinement. Which of the following is the best summary of theory refinement?

Which of the following explanations for the failure of neighbors to come to Kitty Genovese's aid best reflects the idea of diffusion of responsibility?

Complete the following analogy: independent variable is to ________ as dependent variable is to ________.

Introducing Social Psychology

Social Cognition: How We Think About the Social World

Social Perception: How We Come to Understand Other People

The Self: Understanding Ourselves in a Social Context

The Need to Justify Our Actions

Attitudes and Attitude Change: Influencing Thoughts and Feelings

Conformity: Influencing Behavior

Group Processes: Influence in Social Groups

Interpersonal Attraction: From First Impressions to Close Relationships

Prosocial Behavior: Why Do People Help

Aggression: Why Do We Hurt Other People Can We Prevent It

Prejudice: Causes and Cures

Social Psychology in Action 1: Making a Difference With Social Psychology: Attaining a Sustainable Future

Social Psychology in Action 2: Social Psychology and Health

Social Psychology in Action 3: Social Psychology and the Law

Filters

Complete the following analogy about research methods in social psychology: description: _:: _: experimental.

In an experiment, the independent variable is and the dependent variable is .

Complete the following analogy: independent variable is to as dependent variable is to .