Exam 11: Prosocial Behavior: Why Do People Help

Which of the following is the best example of altruistic behavior?

You know that Susan is a very helpful person. She spends many hours each week volunteering at a local homeless shelter, she donates a lot of money to charities, and she is always the first person to volunteer to organize something when your group of friends wants to get together. According to the research on the altruistic personality, you ________ that Susan would help carry a neighbor's groceries if the situation arose because ________.

Joseph was on the subway when he noticed a man lying slumped over on the seat. Joseph looked around at the other passengers, who seemed calm and unconcerned. Joseph concluded that the man was probably okay. However, the other passengers may have been looking around at Joseph, to see how he reacted. This would be an example of

When other bystanders are present, people are less likely to interpret an event as an emergency. ________ best explains why this is so.

In support for the empathy-altruism hypothesis, researchers (Toi & Batson, 1982) found that participants were most likely to help a student named Carol who was injured in an automobile accident when they were told

________ refers to the ability to experience events or emotions from another person's perspective.

According to research presented by the authors of your text, in which of the following cities would you be the most likely to be helped if you needed help crossing a busy street?

In a group setting, one member could take advantage of the help that he/she receives from the other group members, thereby exploiting the reciprocity norm to his/her advantage. Some researchers believe that instead ________ evolved.

In ________ relationships, partners are less concerned with ________ and more concerned with the welfare of the other partner.

Sarah is excellent at the backstroke, and she is preparing for an important swimming competition. She has just been asked to help somebody improve on the backstroke. Based on the tenets of self-esteem maintenance theory, she will be most likely to help

If the urban overload hypothesis (Milgram, 1970) is true, ________ to help a fallen pedestrian on the streets of New York City because ________.

________ theory predicts when there are exceptions to the general rule that we will be more likely to help friends than strangers.

Prosocial behavior is

Which of the following is not a topic for positive psychology?

Andrew would be more likely to help than Carol in which of the following situations, based purely on the gender differences discussed by the authors of your text?

When community service work is required by a school or business, there is the downside risk that people will infer that they are volunteering only because it is required and will be less likely to freely volunteer in the future. This risk is known as the

When viewing a commercial for a local charity, who would be the most likely to later contribute to the charity?

The positive psychology movement is a reaction to which of the following?

A principal theory in social psychology is social exchange theory. According to this theory, we will be most likely to help others

Jim dives into the water to help his drowning sister; Ivan dives into the water to help a total stranger because he wanted to impress his new girlfriend and is a trained lifeguard. Jim's motive to help is best explained by ________, while Ivan's motive to help is best explained by ________.