Question 1

Prosocial behavior is to ________ as altruism is to ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  selflessness; pure motive 
B)  rewards; good mood 
C)  rewards; selflessness 
D)  feeling good; avoiding feeling bad 
A)  selflessness; pure motive 
B)  rewards; good mood 
C)  rewards; selflessness 
D)  feeling good; avoiding feeling bad

Question 2

The "feel good, do good" effect in studies of prosocial behavior refers to the idea that

Accepted Answer

A)  helping puts people in a good mood. 
B)  people in a good mood are more likely to help. 
C)  in adults, helping is self-reinforcing. 
D)  helping in emergencies relieves distress. 
A)  helping puts people in a good mood. 
B)  people in a good mood are more likely to help. 
C)  in adults, helping is self-reinforcing. 
D)  helping in emergencies relieves distress.

Question 3

Greitemeyer and his colleagues have conducted a number of studies to examine the effects of video games on helping. They have some participants pay a prosocial video game and others play a neutral video game. The dependent variable of this research is the

Accepted Answer

A)  degree of helping. 
B)  type of video game. 
C)  participants. 
D)  temperature of the room where they play the game. 
A)  degree of helping. 
B)  type of video game. 
C)  participants. 
D)  temperature of the room where they play the game.

Question 4

Which of the following is not one of the three reasons why being in a good mood would make someone more likely to help another person?

Accepted Answer

A)  Good moods help us look on the bright side of life. 
B)  Being in a good mood increases empathy. 
C)  Helping others can prolong a good mood. 
D)  Good moods increase self-attention. 
A)  Good moods help us look on the bright side of life. 
B)  Being in a good mood increases empathy. 
C)  Helping others can prolong a good mood. 
D)  Good moods increase self-attention.

Question 5

According to the "Use It" portion of the chapter, what should you do if you are in need of help?

Accepted Answer

A)  Identify someone specifically in the crowd around you and make that person responsible for helping you. 
B)  Trust that because of the diffusion of responsibility, you will get help quickly. 
C)  Be unclear about what assistance that you need. 
D)  Try not to attract attention. 
A)  Identify someone specifically in the crowd around you and make that person responsible for helping you. 
B)  Trust that because of the diffusion of responsibility, you will get help quickly. 
C)  Be unclear about what assistance that you need. 
D)  Try not to attract attention.

Question 6

Pluralistic ignorance results when ________ backfires.

Accepted Answer

A)  social exchange concern 
B)  normative influence 
C)  urban overload 
D)  informational influence 
A)  social exchange concern 
B)  normative influence 
C)  urban overload 
D)  informational influence

Question 7

According to the urban overload hypothesis, people in cities should be less likely to help than people in small towns because

Accepted Answer

A)  people in small towns have grown up with more trusting attitudes. 
B)  people who live in cities are more likely to experience diffusion of responsibility. 
C)  people in small towns tend to be more religious. 
D)  people living in cities tend to keep to themselves. 
A)  people in small towns have grown up with more trusting attitudes. 
B)  people who live in cities are more likely to experience diffusion of responsibility. 
C)  people in small towns tend to be more religious. 
D)  people living in cities tend to keep to themselves.

Question 8

Stemming from the urban overload hypothesis, consider what you would do in the following situation. You have just run over a nail with your car during a long road trip, but luckily you have run-flat tires and can drive up to fifty miles before your tire will deflate. Based on what you know from the urban overload hypothesis, where should you drive to if you were going to seek help from strangers for your tire?

Accepted Answer

A)  the nearest major city 
B)  the nearest moderately sized city 
C)  a completely deserted road 
D)  a small, rural town 
A)  the nearest major city 
B)  the nearest moderately sized city 
C)  a completely deserted road 
D)  a small, rural town

Question 9

Complete the following analogy about the effects of mood on helping behavior. ________: feel bad, do good :: happiness: ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  Guilt; evolutionary theory 
B)  Anger; empathy-altruism hypothesis 
C)  Sadness; kinship selection effect 
D)  Guilt; feel good, do good effect 
A)  Guilt; evolutionary theory 
B)  Anger; empathy-altruism hypothesis 
C)  Sadness; kinship selection effect 
D)  Guilt; feel good, do good effect

Question 10

In research presented in the text, participants were exposed to a lecture on social-psychological factors which inhibit helping. Later, these participants were put into a potential helping situation. The results suggest that

Accepted Answer

A)  participants who learned about factors which inhibit helping were more likely to help. 
B)  participants who learned about factors which inhibit helping were less likely to help. 
C)  learning about factors which inhibit helping has no effect on helping behavior. 
D)  learning about factors which inhibit helping can increase helping behavior, depending on the participant's personality. 
A)  participants who learned about factors which inhibit helping were more likely to help. 
B)  participants who learned about factors which inhibit helping were less likely to help. 
C)  learning about factors which inhibit helping has no effect on helping behavior. 
D)  learning about factors which inhibit helping can increase helping behavior, depending on the participant's personality.

Question 11

Recall that participants in an experiment described in the text (Toi & Batson, 1982) listened to an (alleged) radio interview in which a student in their introductory psychology class described an accident that caused her to fall behind in the course. Some participants were encouraged to empathize with "Carol," whereas others were encouraged to listen objectively to the interview. Some participants in each of these two groups were led to believe that Carol would be returning to their psychology course; others were led to believe that she would finish out the term at home, and that they would never see her again. These researchers found that when participants ________, their decision to help was guided by ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  empathized with Carol; social exchange concerns 
B)  listened objectively; their own personal experiences 
C)  empathized with Carol; their own personal experiences 
D)  did not empathize with Carol; social exchange concerns 
A)  empathized with Carol; social exchange concerns 
B)  listened objectively; their own personal experiences 
C)  empathized with Carol; their own personal experiences 
D)  did not empathize with Carol; social exchange concerns

Question 12

When Darley and Latané exposed participants to a faked seizure in one of three experimental conditions (participants were lone witnesses, one of three witnesses, or one of five witnesses), they found that

Accepted Answer

A)  although participants who believed they were lone witnesses took longer to help, more of them did eventually help than in the other conditions. 
B)  when lone participants thought the experimenter also overheard the seizure, they took longer to help. 
C)  participants who thought they were lone witnesses helped more and helped faster. 
D)  helping is not substantially reduced when the number of witnesses increases from two to five. 
A)  although participants who believed they were lone witnesses took longer to help, more of them did eventually help than in the other conditions. 
B)  when lone participants thought the experimenter also overheard the seizure, they took longer to help. 
C)  participants who thought they were lone witnesses helped more and helped faster. 
D)  helping is not substantially reduced when the number of witnesses increases from two to five.

Question 13

Complete the following analogy about helping behavior. Rewards outweigh costs: social exchange theory :: ________: ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  helping those in need: evolutionary theory. 
B)  evolutionary theory: empathy-altruism hypothesis. 
C)  helping others: helping yourself. 
D)  feeling empathy: empathy-altruism hypothesis. 
A)  helping those in need: evolutionary theory. 
B)  evolutionary theory: empathy-altruism hypothesis. 
C)  helping others: helping yourself. 
D)  feeling empathy: empathy-altruism hypothesis.

Question 14

________ refers to any act that someone performs in order to benefit another person.

Accepted Answer

A)  Prosocial behavior 
B)  Altruism 
C)  Kin selection 
D)  Empathy 
A)  Prosocial behavior 
B)  Altruism 
C)  Kin selection 
D)  Empathy

Question 15

The groups of people who live among those who are ________ may be more likely to survive than those people who live among groups of people who are ________. This idea is referred to as ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  selfless; selfish; altruism 
B)  selfish; selfless; natural selection 
C)  selfless; selfish; group selection 
D)  selfish; selfless; altruism 
A)  selfless; selfish; altruism 
B)  selfish; selfless; natural selection 
C)  selfless; selfish; group selection 
D)  selfish; selfless; altruism

Question 16

According to Latané and Darley (1970), a number of things must occur before witnesses decide to intervene in an emergency situation. According to this stage model, when witnesses ________, costs of helping will be most relevant to their behavior.

Accepted Answer

A)  decide whether to implement their decision to help 
B)  attempt to determine whether the event is actually an emergency 
C)  decide whether they are personally responsible to intervene 
D)  decide whether they have the necessary skills to intervene 
A)  decide whether to implement their decision to help 
B)  attempt to determine whether the event is actually an emergency 
C)  decide whether they are personally responsible to intervene 
D)  decide whether they have the necessary skills to intervene

Question 17

Evolutionary psychology would have the most trouble explaining which of the following incidents?

Accepted Answer

A)  Samuel risks his life to save his nephew in a car accident. 
B)  Jane runs in to save her adopted daughter from a fire. 
C)  When Alphonso was put in the unfortunate situation of saving his wife or his son in a boating accident, he chose to save his son first, and his wife died. 
D)  When Larry was on a ship going down at sea, he let everyone else be saved ahead of him, even though everyone on the ship was a complete stranger to him. 
A)  Samuel risks his life to save his nephew in a car accident. 
B)  Jane runs in to save her adopted daughter from a fire. 
C)  When Alphonso was put in the unfortunate situation of saving his wife or his son in a boating accident, he chose to save his son first, and his wife died. 
D)  When Larry was on a ship going down at sea, he let everyone else be saved ahead of him, even though everyone on the ship was a complete stranger to him.

Question 18

Based on results of Darley' s and Batson' s (1973) "Good Samaritan" experiment, who is most likely to help an elderly women who has slipped on the ice?

Accepted Answer

A)  August, who is killing time before an appointment 
B)  John, who is a seminary student 
C)  Norman, who has just won first prize in a speech contest 
D)  Clifford, who has just read the New Testament 
A)  August, who is killing time before an appointment 
B)  John, who is a seminary student 
C)  Norman, who has just won first prize in a speech contest 
D)  Clifford, who has just read the New Testament

Question 19

Raphael volunteers as a Big Brother. He donates money to charity, and he helps his elderly next-door neighbor with weekly shopping and home repairs. Raphael's personality is

Accepted Answer

A)  altruistic. 
B)  egoistic. 
C)  controlling. 
D)  prosocial. 
A)  altruistic. 
B)  egoistic. 
C)  controlling. 
D)  prosocial.

Question 20

Describe what "positive psychology" is, and discuss its relationship to the field of social psychology.

Accepted Answer

The newly emerging field of "positive ps

Prosocial behavior is to as altruism is to .

The "feel good, do good" effect in studies of prosocial behavior refers to the idea that

Greitemeyer and his colleagues have conducted a number of studies to examine the effects of video games on helping. They have some participants pay a prosocial video game and others play a neutral video game. The dependent variable of this research is the

Which of the following is not one of the three reasons why being in a good mood would make someone more likely to help another person?

According to the "Use It" portion of the chapter, what should you do if you are in need of help?

Pluralistic ignorance results when ________ backfires.

According to the urban overload hypothesis, people in cities should be less likely to help than people in small towns because

Complete the following analogy about the effects of mood on helping behavior. : feel bad, do good :: happiness: .

In research presented in the text, participants were exposed to a lecture on social-psychological factors which inhibit helping. Later, these participants were put into a potential helping situation. The results suggest that

When Darley and Latané exposed participants to a faked seizure in one of three experimental conditions (participants were lone witnesses, one of three witnesses, or one of five witnesses), they found that

Complete the following analogy about helping behavior. Rewards outweigh costs: social exchange theory :: : .

________ refers to any act that someone performs in order to benefit another person.

The groups of people who live among those who are may be more likely to survive than those people who live among groups of people who are . This idea is referred to as .

According to Latané and Darley (1970), a number of things must occur before witnesses decide to intervene in an emergency situation. According to this stage model, when witnesses ________, costs of helping will be most relevant to their behavior.

Evolutionary psychology would have the most trouble explaining which of the following incidents?

Based on results of Darley' s and Batson' s (1973) "Good Samaritan" experiment, who is most likely to help an elderly women who has slipped on the ice?

Raphael volunteers as a Big Brother. He donates money to charity, and he helps his elderly next-door neighbor with weekly shopping and home repairs. Raphael's personality is

Describe what "positive psychology" is, and discuss its relationship to the field of social psychology.

Introducing Social Psychology

Methodology: How Social Psychologists Do Research

Social Cognition: How We Think About the Social World

Social Perception: How We Come to Understand Other People

The Self: Understanding Ourselves in a Social Context

The Need to Justify Our Actions

Attitudes and Attitude Change: Influencing Thoughts and Feelings

Conformity: Influencing Behavior

Group Processes: Influence in Social Groups

Interpersonal Attraction: From First Impressions to Close Relationships

Aggression: Why Do We Hurt Other People Can We Prevent It

Prejudice: Causes and Cures

Social Psychology in Action 1: Making a Difference With Social Psychology: Attaining a Sustainable Future

Social Psychology in Action 2: Social Psychology and Health

Social Psychology in Action 3: Social Psychology and the Law

Filters

Exam 11: Prosocial Behavior: Why Do People Help

Prosocial behavior is to ________ as altruism is to ________.

The "feel good, do good" effect in studies of prosocial behavior refers to the idea that

Greitemeyer and his colleagues have conducted a number of studies to examine the effects of video games on helping. They have some participants pay a prosocial video game and others play a neutral video game. The dependent variable of this research is the

Which of the following is not one of the three reasons why being in a good mood would make someone more likely to help another person?

According to the "Use It" portion of the chapter, what should you do if you are in need of help?

Pluralistic ignorance results when ________ backfires.

According to the urban overload hypothesis, people in cities should be less likely to help than people in small towns because

Complete the following analogy about the effects of mood on helping behavior. ________: feel bad, do good :: happiness: ________.

In research presented in the text, participants were exposed to a lecture on social-psychological factors which inhibit helping. Later, these participants were put into a potential helping situation. The results suggest that

When Darley and Latané exposed participants to a faked seizure in one of three experimental conditions (participants were lone witnesses, one of three witnesses, or one of five witnesses), they found that

Complete the following analogy about helping behavior. Rewards outweigh costs: social exchange theory :: ________: ________.

________ refers to any act that someone performs in order to benefit another person.

The groups of people who live among those who are ________ may be more likely to survive than those people who live among groups of people who are ________. This idea is referred to as ________.

According to Latané and Darley (1970), a number of things must occur before witnesses decide to intervene in an emergency situation. According to this stage model, when witnesses ________, costs of helping will be most relevant to their behavior.

Evolutionary psychology would have the most trouble explaining which of the following incidents?

Based on results of Darley' s and Batson' s (1973) "Good Samaritan" experiment, who is most likely to help an elderly women who has slipped on the ice?

Raphael volunteers as a Big Brother. He donates money to charity, and he helps his elderly next-door neighbor with weekly shopping and home repairs. Raphael's personality is

Describe what "positive psychology" is, and discuss its relationship to the field of social psychology.

Introducing Social Psychology

Methodology: How Social Psychologists Do Research

Social Cognition: How We Think About the Social World

Social Perception: How We Come to Understand Other People

The Self: Understanding Ourselves in a Social Context

The Need to Justify Our Actions

Attitudes and Attitude Change: Influencing Thoughts and Feelings

Conformity: Influencing Behavior

Group Processes: Influence in Social Groups

Interpersonal Attraction: From First Impressions to Close Relationships

Aggression: Why Do We Hurt Other People Can We Prevent It

Prejudice: Causes and Cures

Social Psychology in Action 1: Making a Difference With Social Psychology: Attaining a Sustainable Future

Social Psychology in Action 2: Social Psychology and Health

Social Psychology in Action 3: Social Psychology and the Law

Filters

Prosocial behavior is to as altruism is to .

Complete the following analogy about the effects of mood on helping behavior. : feel bad, do good :: happiness: .

Complete the following analogy about helping behavior. Rewards outweigh costs: social exchange theory :: : .

The groups of people who live among those who are may be more likely to survive than those people who live among groups of people who are . This idea is referred to as .