Exam 11: Prosocial Behavior: Why Do People Help

Recall that the introduction to Chapter 11 (Prosocial Behavior) began with a description of several of the citizen-heroes of September 11, 2001-for example William Wik, who refused to flee to personal safety because there were still people to be rescued. He died when the tower collapsed. Wik was willing to sacrifice his own life to save others, and his behavior could thus best be described as

A child starts to cry after she sees her best friend trip and scrape her knee. The child's behavior is most likely an example of

Researchers staged an incident in which a man fell down with a cry of pain and raised his pant leg to reveal a bloody injury. The staged scene was repeated in both rural and urban areas. When Amato counted the number of passersby who stopped to help the man, he found that

According to Batson (1991), when people experience empathy with another in need, ________ motivates helping.

Although evidence from studies presented in the chapter suggests that people are more likely to help family than strangers or friends in some situations, they also note that people are equally likely to help a friend or family member under which of the following circumstances?

Researchers have found support for the urban overload hypothesis. More specifically, they have found that it is more important to know ________ than to know ________.

A number of studies have revealed that doing well on a test, receiving a gift, and listening to pleasant music can increase helping. These consistent findings across investigations suggest that there is a ________ relation between ________ and helping.

Playing a prosocial video game makes schemas about helping more accessible. This is related to the process of ________.

According to self-esteem maintenance theory, you will be more inclined to help a stranger than to help a friend when

Briefly summarize the social exchange perspective of helping behavior.

Jack and Robert have a communal relationship. When Jack asks for help or a favor, what is Robert most likely to think?

Which of the following emotions is not associated with promoting helping behavior, according to research on feeling bad and doing good?

People who know one another well are less influenced by mood or other transient factors in their likelihood of helping and more by

To ensure that community service participation for a school or job does not undermine people's intrinsic motivation for helping, an administrator should do which of the following?

Given empirical support for the bystander effect (Latané & Darley, 1970), all things being equal, you would be more likely to get needed assistance were you to have a heart attack

One consequence of living by the Golden Rule, "Do unto others as you would have them do unto you," is that if you help those in need, they might return the favor someday. This idea is best represented by

While waiting for a bus, witnesses hear a man growing increasingly frantic as he cries, "My nitro tablets. Where are my nitro pills? I can't find my nitro tablets, and I'm having a heart attack!" He collapses to the ground, clutching his chest. Everyone knows that it is a medical emergency. In this situation, who is most likely to help?

Amos has just received a good grade on his calculus exam. He's in a great mood, and thinks to himself, "School's going well; my relationship with Carrie is going great. It's a wonderful world!" On the way out of the building, he finds that a bicyclist has hit a pedestrian, so he hurries over to help the fallen person. This example best illustrates which of the three reasons why positive mood enhances helping?

According to the bystander effect (Latané & Darley, 1970), if you just witnessed a mugging, you will be most likely to call for help if you

According to the bystander effect, the number of people who are around when an emergency occurs is ________ correlated with the time it takes someone to provide help in an emergency.