Question 1

One conclusion of much of the research on media and violence is that __________

Accepted Answer

A)  TV causes violence. 
B)  aggressive children tend to watch violent TV more than nonaggressive children. 
C)  TV tends to make nonaggressive children become aggressive. 
D)  violent TV programs are responsible for over 75 percent of aggression among children. 
A)  TV causes violence. 
B)  aggressive children tend to watch violent TV more than nonaggressive children. 
C)  TV tends to make nonaggressive children become aggressive. 
D)  violent TV programs are responsible for over 75 percent of aggression among children. B

Question 2

Discuss the ethical dilemmas that resulted from Stanley Milgram's obedience research. Do you think that the ends justified the means, in this case? Does the fact that nobody was really physically shocked make a difference? What if you wanted to conduct a replication of the experiment but wanted to actually administer shocks? Do you think that the findings would change regarding the obedience of the participants?

Accepted Answer

Stanley Milgram's obedience research raised several ethical dilemmas. The main concern was the psychological distress and potential harm experienced by the participants who believed they were administering painful electric shocks to another person. This raised questions about informed consent, deception, and the potential for long-term psychological harm to the participants.

In terms of whether the ends justified the means, it is a complex issue. On one hand, the research provided valuable insights into human behavior and obedience to authority. On the other hand, the potential harm to the participants and the ethical implications of deceiving them about the true nature of the experiment cannot be overlooked.

The fact that nobody was physically shocked does make a difference in terms of physical harm, but the psychological impact on the participants cannot be discounted. The distress and guilt experienced by the participants were very real, even though the shocks were not actually administered.

If a replication of the experiment were to be conducted with actual shocks administered, it is likely that the findings regarding the obedience of the participants would change. The ethical implications of causing real harm to individuals in the name of research would be significant, and it is unlikely that such a study would be approved by an ethics review board.

In conclusion, while Milgram's obedience research provided valuable insights, the ethical dilemmas it raised cannot be ignored. The potential harm to the participants and the ethical implications of the study's methods are important considerations in evaluating the research. It is essential to prioritize the well-being and rights of the participants in any research study.

Question 3

The jigsaw technique is a strategy that is designed to decrease __________

Accepted Answer

A)  bystander apathy. 
B)  prejudice. 
C)  scapegoating. 
D)  antisocial behavior. 
A)  bystander apathy. 
B)  prejudice. 
C)  scapegoating. 
D)  antisocial behavior. B

Question 4

Jovan believes that his poor performance on his psychology test was due to his consistent lack of preparation. This is an example of __________

Accepted Answer

A)  the self-serving bias. 
B)  the primacy effect. 
C)  a situational attribution. 
D)  a dispositional attribution. 
A)  the self-serving bias. 
B)  the primacy effect. 
C)  a situational attribution. 
D)  a dispositional attribution.

Question 5

Asch found that the likelihood of conformity increased with group size until __________ confederates were present.

Accepted Answer

A)  three 
B)  four 
C)  five 
D)  six 
A)  three 
B)  four 
C)  five 
D)  six

Question 6

Psychologists believe that cognitive dissonance results from a desire to __________

Accepted Answer

A)  maintain self-esteem. 
B)  maintain group harmony. 
C)  promote prosocial behaviors. 
D)  deny responsibility for an action. 
A)  maintain self-esteem. 
B)  maintain group harmony. 
C)  promote prosocial behaviors. 
D)  deny responsibility for an action.

Question 7

Naïve subjects in the Stanley Milgram experiment were given the opportunity to administer shocks to helpless victims. What was the maximum voltage that could be administered in one shock?

Accepted Answer

A)  100 volts 
B)  450 volts 
C)  625 volts 
D)  999 volts 
A)  100 volts 
B)  450 volts 
C)  625 volts 
D)  999 volts

Question 8

Some have suggested that the results of Milgram's obedience study may have been due to the __________ effect.

Accepted Answer

A)  reciprocity 
B)  indebtedness 
C)  foot-in-the-door 
D)  returning-a-favor 
A)  reciprocity 
B)  indebtedness 
C)  foot-in-the-door 
D)  returning-a-favor

Question 9

What are the three factors involved in rating the effectiveness of an attempt to persuade?

Accepted Answer

The effectiveness of an attempt to persu

Question 10

Some may argue that the findings of the Solomon Asch experiment are not terribly valuable because conformity is being assessed on a relatively innocuous task (i.e., choosing line sizes). What kind of situation might you use to test conformity that would be immune to this criticism? Can you think of a way to test conformity in the real world in a way that would be both useful and ethical?

Accepted Answer

One situation that might be used to test

Question 11

Attitudes are __________

Accepted Answer

A)  innate. 
B)  generally positive. 
C)  learned. 
D)  unchangeable. 
A)  innate. 
B)  generally positive. 
C)  learned. 
D)  unchangeable.

Question 12

Tyra blames her poor performance in college on a poor memory that she has had since birth. Tyra's behavior is an example of __________

Accepted Answer

A)  a situational attribution. 
B)  the primacy effect. 
C)  a self-serving bias. 
D)  a dispositional attribution. 
A)  a situational attribution. 
B)  the primacy effect. 
C)  a self-serving bias. 
D)  a dispositional attribution.

Question 13

Which type of group is most susceptible to groupthink?

Accepted Answer

A)  groups that meet casually 
B)  tightly knit groups 
C)  groups containing only members of the same sex 
D)  groups that were randomly assigned to meet together. 
A)  groups that meet casually 
B)  tightly knit groups 
C)  groups containing only members of the same sex 
D)  groups that were randomly assigned to meet together.

Question 14

According to Palinscar and Brown (1984), the way in which students learn while in a group can be profoundly improved if they are assigned the role of __________

Accepted Answer

A)  note taker. 
B)  'student.' 
C)  toady. 
D)  'teacher.' 
A)  note taker. 
B)  'student.' 
C)  toady. 
D)  'teacher.'

Question 15

Which statement is correct concerning cross-cultural research on the fundamental attribution error?

Accepted Answer

A)  Fundamental attribution error appears to be universal. 
B)  Most cultures attribute behavior to dispositional causes. 
C)  Eastern cultures like Korea seem to make more situational attributions than Western cultures such as the United States. 
D)  Western cultures seem to make more situational attributions than Eastern cultures. 
A)  Fundamental attribution error appears to be universal. 
B)  Most cultures attribute behavior to dispositional causes. 
C)  Eastern cultures like Korea seem to make more situational attributions than Western cultures such as the United States. 
D)  Western cultures seem to make more situational attributions than Eastern cultures.

Question 16

One technique that a person may use to reduce cognitive dissonance is changing their conflicting behaviors to match their attitudes.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

What affected the percentage of subjects who went along with the confederates in Solomon Asch's studies where several confederates lied about the length of a line to subjects?

Accepted Answer

A)  whether the confederates were the same sex as the subjects 
B)  whether there were 3 or 15 confederates 
C)  whether the confederates were the same age as the subject 
D)  whether a confederate voiced a dissenting opinion or not 
A)  whether the confederates were the same sex as the subjects 
B)  whether there were 3 or 15 confederates 
C)  whether the confederates were the same age as the subject 
D)  whether a confederate voiced a dissenting opinion or not

Question 18

Sigmund Freud argued that aggression __________

Accepted Answer

A)  is an instinct that can be directed either inward or outward. 
B)  is learned by modeling one's parents. 
C)  always results from frustration 
D)  is not a basic part of human nature. 
A)  is an instinct that can be directed either inward or outward. 
B)  is learned by modeling one's parents. 
C)  always results from frustration 
D)  is not a basic part of human nature.

Question 19

Which of the following was a finding in the classic study by Festinger and Carlsmith (1959)?

Accepted Answer

A)  Those who got $1 to perform a boring task said the task was more interesting than did those who got $20. 
B)  Those who got $20 to perform a boring task said the task was more interesting than did those who got $1. 
C)  Paid groups said the task was less boring than did nonpaid groups. 
D)  Women performed the tasks for less money than men. 
A)  Those who got $1 to perform a boring task said the task was more interesting than did those who got $20. 
B)  Those who got $20 to perform a boring task said the task was more interesting than did those who got $1. 
C)  Paid groups said the task was less boring than did nonpaid groups. 
D)  Women performed the tasks for less money than men.

Question 20

Roberta is trying to decide whether to vote for a political candidate. Based on what she has read about him, she has concluded that he is not qualified for the position, but she agrees with his political positions. Also, she trusts him and likes his decisive personality. In fact, she likes him so much that she sent a small donation to his campaign. Her trust of the candidate represents the __________ component of her attitude toward him.

Accepted Answer

A)  affective 
B)  cognitive 
C)  behavioral 
D)  situational 
A)  affective 
B)  cognitive 
C)  behavioral 
D)  situational

One conclusion of much of the research on media and violence is that __________

The jigsaw technique is a strategy that is designed to decrease __________

Jovan believes that his poor performance on his psychology test was due to his consistent lack of preparation. This is an example of __________

Asch found that the likelihood of conformity increased with group size until __________ confederates were present.

Psychologists believe that cognitive dissonance results from a desire to __________

Naïve subjects in the Stanley Milgram experiment were given the opportunity to administer shocks to helpless victims. What was the maximum voltage that could be administered in one shock?

Some have suggested that the results of Milgram's obedience study may have been due to the __________ effect.

What are the three factors involved in rating the effectiveness of an attempt to persuade?

Attitudes are __________

Tyra blames her poor performance in college on a poor memory that she has had since birth. Tyra's behavior is an example of __________

Which type of group is most susceptible to groupthink?

According to Palinscar and Brown (1984), the way in which students learn while in a group can be profoundly improved if they are assigned the role of __________

Which statement is correct concerning cross-cultural research on the fundamental attribution error?

One technique that a person may use to reduce cognitive dissonance is changing their conflicting behaviors to match their attitudes.

What affected the percentage of subjects who went along with the confederates in Solomon Asch's studies where several confederates lied about the length of a line to subjects?

Sigmund Freud argued that aggression __________

Which of the following was a finding in the classic study by Festinger and Carlsmith (1959)?

Introduction to Psychology

Biology and Behavior

Sensation and Perception

States of Consciousness

Learning

Memory

Cognition, Language, and Intelligence

Child Development

Adolescence and Adulthood

Motivation and Emotion

Human Sexuality and Gender

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Exam 16: Social Psychology

One conclusion of much of the research on media and violence is that __________

The jigsaw technique is a strategy that is designed to decrease __________

Jovan believes that his poor performance on his psychology test was due to his consistent lack of preparation. This is an example of __________

Asch found that the likelihood of conformity increased with group size until __________ confederates were present.

Psychologists believe that cognitive dissonance results from a desire to __________

Naïve subjects in the Stanley Milgram experiment were given the opportunity to administer shocks to helpless victims. What was the maximum voltage that could be administered in one shock?

Some have suggested that the results of Milgram's obedience study may have been due to the __________ effect.

What are the three factors involved in rating the effectiveness of an attempt to persuade?

Attitudes are __________

Tyra blames her poor performance in college on a poor memory that she has had since birth. Tyra's behavior is an example of __________

Which type of group is most susceptible to groupthink?

According to Palinscar and Brown (1984), the way in which students learn while in a group can be profoundly improved if they are assigned the role of __________

Which statement is correct concerning cross-cultural research on the fundamental attribution error?

One technique that a person may use to reduce cognitive dissonance is changing their conflicting behaviors to match their attitudes.

What affected the percentage of subjects who went along with the confederates in Solomon Asch's studies where several confederates lied about the length of a line to subjects?

Sigmund Freud argued that aggression __________

Which of the following was a finding in the classic study by Festinger and Carlsmith (1959)?

Introduction to Psychology

Biology and Behavior

Sensation and Perception

States of Consciousness

Learning

Memory

Cognition, Language, and Intelligence

Child Development

Adolescence and Adulthood

Motivation and Emotion

Human Sexuality and Gender

Health and Stress

Personality Theory and Assessment

Psychological Disorders

Therapies

Filters