Question 1

All forms of communication can be considered types of language.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 2

Mandi shares her frozen dessert with her sister. "Wow!" says her sister, "What type of ice-cream is this?" Mandi explains that, because it does not contain any dairy, the dessert is a sorbet and not an ice-cream. Mandi's use of the technical definition for ice-cream to classify the dessert is an example of:

Accepted Answer

A)  using a prototype. 
B)  rule-based categorization. 
C)  using a heuristic. 
D)  linguistic relativity. 
A)  using a prototype. 
B)  rule-based categorization. 
C)  using a heuristic. 
D)  linguistic relativity.

Question 3

Which of the following is a unique property of language that helps to distinguish it from animal communication?

Accepted Answer

A)  Language uses sounds to communicate. 
B)  Language communicates information about the past and the future. 
C)  Language can be used to pass information between individuals. 
D)  Language is important for survival. 
A)  Language uses sounds to communicate. 
B)  Language communicates information about the past and the future. 
C)  Language can be used to pass information between individuals. 
D)  Language is important for survival.

Question 4

According to a study discussed in your textbook, participants performing a lexical decision task were able to identify strings of letters such as "nutcracker" and "reindeer" as being real words faster in December than other times of the year. This indicates that the holiday season creates a ____________ effect for related certain words.

Accepted Answer

A)  sentence verification 
B)  linguistic relativity 
C)  priming 
D)  categorization 
A)  sentence verification 
B)  linguistic relativity 
C)  priming 
D)  categorization

Question 5

Which of the following is a characteristic of well-defined problems?

Accepted Answer

A)  The conditions is at the outset of a problem are often unclear. 
B)  There is typically a clear goal. 
C)  The problem typically has personal relevance. 
D)  It can be difficult to know when the problem is solved. 
A)  The conditions is at the outset of a problem are often unclear. 
B)  There is typically a clear goal. 
C)  The problem typically has personal relevance. 
D)  It can be difficult to know when the problem is solved.

Question 6

Which of the following interpretations is consistent with results of many studies to teach human language to animals?

Accepted Answer

A)  Animals cannot learn to associate particular words, signs, and symbols with specific meanings. 
B)  Animals can learn human language, but prefer not to. 
C)  Animals can learn to communicate with symbols and signs, but there is not clear evidence that they can combine these symbols into complex phrases. 
D)  Animals raised with humans from birth can learn language just as easily as a human child. 
A)  Animals cannot learn to associate particular words, signs, and symbols with specific meanings. 
B)  Animals can learn human language, but prefer not to. 
C)  Animals can learn to communicate with symbols and signs, but there is not clear evidence that they can combine these symbols into complex phrases. 
D)  Animals raised with humans from birth can learn language just as easily as a human child.

Question 7

A person who damages their Broca's area is likely to have difficulty____________________, but should still be able to __________________ fairly well.

Accepted Answer

A)  speaking; understand the speech of others 
B)  understanding the speech of others; speak normally 
C)  learning a new language; speak normally in his or her native language 
D)  using pragmatics; speak normally 
A)  speaking; understand the speech of others 
B)  understanding the speech of others; speak normally 
C)  learning a new language; speak normally in his or her native language 
D)  using pragmatics; speak normally

Question 8

In one study, participants were exposed to negative information about their favorite Presidential candidate. Both Democrats and Republicans were quick to identify the opponent's _____ but were less likely to do so for their preferred candidate.

Accepted Answer

A)  exculpatory statements 
B)  congruent statements 
C)  contradictory statements 
D)  linguistic errors 
A)  exculpatory statements 
B)  congruent statements 
C)  contradictory statements 
D)  linguistic errors

Question 9

Steps taken toward reaching the solution of a problem are called ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  goal states 
B)  initial states 
C)  operators 
D)  algorithms 
A)  goal states 
B)  initial states 
C)  operators 
D)  algorithms

Question 10

A group of interrelated concepts is a called a ____________.

Accepted Answer

A)  category 
B)  superconcept 
C)  mental set 
D)  prototype 
A)  category 
B)  superconcept 
C)  mental set 
D)  prototype

Question 11

Inuit Eskimos have hundreds of words for different types of snow.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

Research on linguistic relativity suggests that

Accepted Answer

A)  Language has a complete control over how people categorize the world. 
B)  Language can have some effects on categorization, but the effects are limited. 
C)  Language has no effect on categorization. 
D)  Researchers have not addressed this question. 
A)  Language has a complete control over how people categorize the world. 
B)  Language can have some effects on categorization, but the effects are limited. 
C)  Language has no effect on categorization. 
D)  Researchers have not addressed this question.

Question 13

Which of the following is both a single phoneme AND a morpheme?

Accepted Answer

A)  the "th" at the beginning of think 
B)  the "s" at the end of cats 
C)  the word mom 
D)  the "cho" in psychology 
A)  the "th" at the beginning of think 
B)  the "s" at the end of cats 
C)  the word mom 
D)  the "cho" in psychology

Question 14

What is the most accurate conclusion from research conducted on primate language abilities?

Accepted Answer

A)  Primates can learn some aspects of human language, though many differences remain. 
B)  Primates can learn human language in full. 
C)  Primates cannot learn human language in any way. 
D)  There are not enough research data to reach reliable conclusions on this topic. 
A)  Primates can learn some aspects of human language, though many differences remain. 
B)  Primates can learn human language in full. 
C)  Primates cannot learn human language in any way. 
D)  There are not enough research data to reach reliable conclusions on this topic.

Question 15

A real-estate agent is asked by her clients how much they should ask for their house. She just sold a house for $300,000, so she finds herself suggesting an amount within the same range. This is an example of _____________.

Accepted Answer

A)  belief perseverance 
B)  confirmation bias 
C)  the representativeness heuristic 
D)  the anchoring effect 
A)  belief perseverance 
B)  confirmation bias 
C)  the representativeness heuristic 
D)  the anchoring effect

Question 16

Which of the following is a hypothesis discussed in your textbook to explain the relative satisfaction maximizers tend to get from their decisions compared to satisficers?

Accepted Answer

A)  Maximizers invest more in their decisions, so they expect more from the outcomes. 
B)  Maximizers are natural optimists, so they always see the best in everything. 
C)  Maximizers tend to display belief perseverance, and ignore evidence that conflicts with their expectations. 
D)  Maximizers prefer to have fewer choices, which makes it unlikely that the final choice will be "just right." 
A)  Maximizers invest more in their decisions, so they expect more from the outcomes. 
B)  Maximizers are natural optimists, so they always see the best in everything. 
C)  Maximizers tend to display belief perseverance, and ignore evidence that conflicts with their expectations. 
D)  Maximizers prefer to have fewer choices, which makes it unlikely that the final choice will be "just right."

Question 17

According to rule-based categorization, people use _____ to decide if an object belongs to a specific category.

Accepted Answer

A)  prototypes 
B)  semantic networks 
C)  specific rules or features 
D)  categorization by comparison 
A)  prototypes 
B)  semantic networks 
C)  specific rules or features 
D)  categorization by comparison

Question 18

A formula is an example of a(n) __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  logarithm 
B)  algorithm 
C)  response set 
D)  heuristic 
A)  logarithm 
B)  algorithm 
C)  response set 
D)  heuristic

Question 19

The tendency to solve problems using procedures or strategies that worked in the past on similar problems is called:

Accepted Answer

A)  the availability heuristic. 
B)  the anchoring effect. 
C)  a mental set. 
D)  the representativeness heuristic. 
A)  the availability heuristic. 
B)  the anchoring effect. 
C)  a mental set. 
D)  the representativeness heuristic.

Question 20

Which of the following is the best example of a well-defined problem?

Accepted Answer

A)  Larry is unhappy with his life. 
B)  Cassandra needs to think of a good subject for a painting. 
C)  Jennifer wants to quit smoking. 
D)  Oscar needs to choose a major for college. 
A)  Larry is unhappy with his life. 
B)  Cassandra needs to think of a good subject for a painting. 
C)  Jennifer wants to quit smoking. 
D)  Oscar needs to choose a major for college.

All forms of communication can be considered types of language.

Which of the following is a unique property of language that helps to distinguish it from animal communication?

Which of the following is a characteristic of well-defined problems?

Which of the following interpretations is consistent with results of many studies to teach human language to animals?

A person who damages their Broca's area is likely to have difficulty__, but should still be able to fairly well.

In one study, participants were exposed to negative information about their favorite Presidential candidate. Both Democrats and Republicans were quick to identify the opponent's _____ but were less likely to do so for their preferred candidate.

Steps taken toward reaching the solution of a problem are called ____.

A group of interrelated concepts is a called a ____________.

Inuit Eskimos have hundreds of words for different types of snow.

Research on linguistic relativity suggests that

Which of the following is both a single phoneme AND a morpheme?

What is the most accurate conclusion from research conducted on primate language abilities?

A real-estate agent is asked by her clients how much they should ask for their house. She just sold a house for $300,000, so she finds herself suggesting an amount within the same range. This is an example of _____________.

Which of the following is a hypothesis discussed in your textbook to explain the relative satisfaction maximizers tend to get from their decisions compared to satisficers?

According to rule-based categorization, people use _____ to decide if an object belongs to a specific category.

A formula is an example of a(n) __________.

The tendency to solve problems using procedures or strategies that worked in the past on similar problems is called:

Which of the following is the best example of a well-defined problem?

Introducing Psychological Science

Reading and Evaluating Scientific Research

Biological Psychology

Sensation and Perception

Consciousness

Learning

Memory

Intelligence, Aptitude, and Cognitive Abilities

Life Span Development

Motivation and Emotion

Personality

Psychological Disorders

Therapies

Social Psychology

Health, Stress and Coping

Industrial and Organizational Psychology

Filters

Exam 8: Thought and Language

All forms of communication can be considered types of language.

Which of the following is a unique property of language that helps to distinguish it from animal communication?

Which of the following is a characteristic of well-defined problems?

Which of the following interpretations is consistent with results of many studies to teach human language to animals?

A person who damages their Broca's area is likely to have difficulty____________________, but should still be able to __________________ fairly well.

In one study, participants were exposed to negative information about their favorite Presidential candidate. Both Democrats and Republicans were quick to identify the opponent's _____ but were less likely to do so for their preferred candidate.

Steps taken toward reaching the solution of a problem are called ____.

A group of interrelated concepts is a called a ____________.

Inuit Eskimos have hundreds of words for different types of snow.

Research on linguistic relativity suggests that

Which of the following is both a single phoneme AND a morpheme?

What is the most accurate conclusion from research conducted on primate language abilities?

A real-estate agent is asked by her clients how much they should ask for their house. She just sold a house for $300,000, so she finds herself suggesting an amount within the same range. This is an example of _____________.

Which of the following is a hypothesis discussed in your textbook to explain the relative satisfaction maximizers tend to get from their decisions compared to satisficers?

According to rule-based categorization, people use _____ to decide if an object belongs to a specific category.

A formula is an example of a(n) __________.

The tendency to solve problems using procedures or strategies that worked in the past on similar problems is called:

Which of the following is the best example of a well-defined problem?

Introducing Psychological Science

Reading and Evaluating Scientific Research

Biological Psychology

Sensation and Perception

Consciousness

Learning

Memory

Intelligence, Aptitude, and Cognitive Abilities

Life Span Development

Motivation and Emotion

Personality

Psychological Disorders

Therapies

Social Psychology

Health, Stress and Coping

Industrial and Organizational Psychology

Filters

A person who damages their Broca's area is likely to have difficulty__, but should still be able to fairly well.