Exam 8: Thought and Language

What is the phenomenon known as the paradox of choice?

Which of the following is true about the use of the representativeness heuristic to make judgments?

_____ refer to mental representations of objects, events, or ideas.

The concepts of dog, cat, and goldfish can be grouped together to form a _____________ called pets.

Kyle is buying a new mattress for his bed. Instead of spending hours or days finding the perfect mattress, Kyle buys the first mattress that is in his price range, and feels "comfortable enough." Kyle's behavior is typical of a(n) _______________.

What term do psychologists use to describe our tendency to search for evidence that supports our belief and to ignore evidence that might disprove it?

Most people take longer to identify a platypus as a mammal than it takes them to identify a cat as a mammal. This is likely because a cat is closer to most people's _______________ for the concept of mammal.

The smallest units of language that convey meaning are known as:

When reading information that challenges one's beliefs, one tends to minimize the strengths of such claims. __________ accounts for this barrier to reasoning rationally.

The difference between a well-formed and ill-formed sentence usually comes down to _____________.

What do we call the hypothesis that language influences what we think?

_________________ is involved in speech production, while ___________________ is associated with finding the meanings of words.

The rules for combining words and morphemes into meaningful phrases and sentences are called _________.

A formula is an example of a(n) ______________.

Louis needs a screwdriver to fix his remote-controlled care but he doesn't have one on hand. It does not occur to him that the dime in his pocket could serve as a makeshift substitute. This is because he is experiencing ________.

Why do psychologists assert that heuristics are beneficial for problem solving?

Frida is a four-year-old child. One day her mother points to an object and explains that it is a statue. Despite the fact that this is the first and only time someone explains what a statue is to Frida, she now understands the meaning of the word. Frida is demonstrating _______________, a process believed to help children learn language.

The study of how people extract meaning from words is called _______.

Research has shown that pragmatics is guided by the__________________, which states that pragmatic rules apply to conversation, so entering into a conversation is essentially agreeing to cooperate.

A _____________ is the mental representation of an object, event, or idea.