Exam 8: Thought and Language

Han and Nalini both bought the same new cell phone. Han spent several weeks reviewing the dozens of different phones and reading reviews online, trying to find the best phone possible for his needs. Nalini simply bought the first phone that met her needs. Given the research on maximizers and satisficers, which is most likely to be the outcome?

Which of the following would be the best example of culture affecting categorization?

Ivan is a consultant who has been asked to solve a technical problem for an electronics firm. When he arrives at the firm, he finds that the problem is exactly like a problem he has solved before. The first time he solved the problem it took him 37 hours. This time it takes him 26 hours. The MOST likely reason for his faster solution this time is __________.

Nate thinks that Republicans and Democrats almost never work together in Congress. The reason he believes this is that he finds it much easier to think of examples of politicians from the two parties not working together than to think of examples them working together. It is likely that the ______________ has caused Nate to underestimate how frequently Democrats and Republicans work together.

What is FOXP2?

Studies of the KE family and the FOXP2 gene indicate that:

Which of the following is NOT true of basic level categories?

One problem with the theory of rule-based categorization is that it does not allow for _____________.

The linguistic relativity hypothesis suggests that:

Which of the following is a common problem with ill-defined problems?

A loose screw on the visor causes it to drop down while Ben drives; however, he keeps forgetting to take a screwdriver out to the car to fix it. When he notices the visor drop again, he reaches into his pocket for a dime he then uses to tighten the screw holding the visor. What problem-solving difficulty did Ben overcome?

Research with chimpanzees has clearly demonstrated that nonhumans are capable of acquiring language.

In cognitive psychology, a__________________ is an interconnected set of nodes (or concepts) and the links that join them to form a category.

Which of the following is the best definition for language?

Frank mistakenly believes that there are more words that begin with the letter "k" than there are with the letter "k" in the third position due to __________________.

In a semantic network, the ____________ represent concepts, and the _______________ represent the structure of a category as well as the relationships among different categories.

In one study, participants were exposed to negative information about their favorite Presidential candidate. Results indicate that brain areas associated with ______ were more active.

Is heuristic thinking, good, bad, or somewhere in between? What advantages-if any-are associated with heuristic thinking? Are there disadvantages to using heuristics, and if so, what are they? Use the availability heuristic to provide examples to support your claims.

While many of his friends dislike math, Ricky enjoys solving math problems. When asked why, Ricky explains that, unlike many real-life problems, with math problems all of the information you need to solve the problem is given to you, and you know when you have reached the solution. Using the terminology of problem solving, why does Ricky like math problems?

Describe the concepts of phonemes, morphemes, syntax, and pragmatics. Then use the sentence "The concert was so great that it blew my mind!" to provide examples of each type of language unit.