Exam 8: Thought and Language

Because of a bias called _________________, people are often unwilling to consider evidence that prohibits them from preserving their original belief.

The linguist relativity hypothesis suggests that:

Research indicates that ______________ are typically happier with their decision than _______________ are.

Young children sometimes literally interpret sentences like "Do you know where your mommy is?" by answering "Yes." They failed to understand the ________ of the question.

Compared to a heuristic, an algorithm is more likely to:

Which of the following is true regarding cognitive obstacles?

One of the most important parts of a language is its _____________, which provides the rules that allow words to be combined into almost infinite combinations to create entirely new meanings.

An algorithm is a problem-solving strategy based on a series of rules.

When using the availability heuristic, people tend to judge the probability of an event based on:

If you usually spend twice as long as your dinner companions poring over the menu, considering every choice and fretting over which one would be best, then you are almost certainly ________.

_____ are problem-solving strategies that provide a reasonable guess for the solution.

Which of the following correctly describes the relationship between language and communication?

A chimpanzee named _______________ learned to use approximately 200 signs from American Sign Language.

The most basic of units of spoken language are called _________.

One way to investigate the way language is processed in the brain is to study patients with ________________, language disorders caused by damage to the brain structures that support using and understanding language.

The television character MacGyver was famous for using everyday objects to get out of trouble. In one episode, for example, MacGyver used the aluminum foil wrapper from a stick of gum to replace a blown electrical fuse. The MacGyver character clearly did NOT suffer from what cognitive obstacle to problem solving?

One problem with the theory that individuals use prototypes to categorize is that it does not allow for the possibility of graded membership.

Some members of the KE family discussed in your textbook have trouble putting thoughts into words. This deficit is caused by:

Kyle buys a new refrigerator, but when he gets home, he cannot fit it through the front door of his house. Which of the following would describe an operator for Kyle's problem?

When Kwan's computer stopped working, he called the company's technical support line. The technician followed a predetermined set of steps from a manual to diagnose and help Kwan fix his computer over the phone. The steps that the technician followed are an example of what type of problem solving strategy?