Question 1

Which of the following is true about obedience?

Accepted Answer

A)  Obedience is not always harmful or bad, and is necessary in many cases. 
B)  Most people follow orders because they secretly enjoy being told what to do. 
C)  Most people follow orders despite a strong desire to "rock the boat." 
D)  Entrapment is a process that helps people disobey. 
A)  Obedience is not always harmful or bad, and is necessary in many cases. 
B)  Most people follow orders because they secretly enjoy being told what to do. 
C)  Most people follow orders despite a strong desire to "rock the boat." 
D)  Entrapment is a process that helps people disobey.

Question 2

Replications of Milgram's study of obedience showed:

Accepted Answer

A)  occupational differences, because 90 percent of lower-SES individuals and 55 percent of upper-SES individuals inflicted what they thought were dangerous levels of shocks to the "learner." 
B)  gender differences in a willingness to obey, because 75 percent of men but only 30 percent of women inflicted what they thought were dangerous levels of shocks to the "learner." 
C)  that more than 90 percent of the subjects in Spain and in the Netherlands inflicted what they thought were dangerous levels of shocks to the "learner." 
D)  that when the victim said that he had a heart ailment or screamed in agony, 10 percent of the "teachers" inflicted what they thought were dangerous levels of shocks to the "learner." 
A)  occupational differences, because 90 percent of lower-SES individuals and 55 percent of upper-SES individuals inflicted what they thought were dangerous levels of shocks to the "learner." 
B)  gender differences in a willingness to obey, because 75 percent of men but only 30 percent of women inflicted what they thought were dangerous levels of shocks to the "learner." 
C)  that more than 90 percent of the subjects in Spain and in the Netherlands inflicted what they thought were dangerous levels of shocks to the "learner." 
D)  that when the victim said that he had a heart ailment or screamed in agony, 10 percent of the "teachers" inflicted what they thought were dangerous levels of shocks to the "learner."

Question 3

Which of the following is an example of entrapment as it relates to obedience?

Accepted Answer

A)  A friend who is moving asks you to bring over a few empty boxes; when you arrive, he asks you to fill the boxes with dishes, and before you realize, you've packed his entire kitchen. 
B)  A friend convinces you that it would be fun to stand backwards in the checkout line of the grocery store, and other customers gawk at you. 
C)  A friend invites you to her wedding, but then complains that the gift you brought wasn't expensive enough. 
D)  A friend encourages you to participate in a music competition and gives you tips to maintain poise and relax. When the competition commences, he nags you with more suggestions. 
A)  A friend who is moving asks you to bring over a few empty boxes; when you arrive, he asks you to fill the boxes with dishes, and before you realize, you've packed his entire kitchen. 
B)  A friend convinces you that it would be fun to stand backwards in the checkout line of the grocery store, and other customers gawk at you. 
C)  A friend invites you to her wedding, but then complains that the gift you brought wasn't expensive enough. 
D)  A friend encourages you to participate in a music competition and gives you tips to maintain poise and relax. When the competition commences, he nags you with more suggestions.

Question 4

Solomon Asch designed his famous conformity studies in order to see what people would do when a group unanimously contradicted an obvious fact.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

Carlos and his work associates form a close, friendly group, and they usually work well together. However, they may face a problem involving an extreme form of conformity called:

Accepted Answer

A)  the fundamental attribution error. 
B)  generational identity. 
C)  groupthink. 
D)  the self-serving bias. 
A)  the fundamental attribution error. 
B)  generational identity. 
C)  groupthink. 
D)  the self-serving bias.

Question 6

Critics of the Stanford prison study argue that:

Accepted Answer

A)  the methodology was flawed, because participants were not randomly assigned to either the prisoner role or the guard role. 
B)  by stopping the study after six days, instead of letting it continue for the two-week experimental period, the researchers had not allowed enough time for dramatic change to occur. 
C)  a makeshift prison in the basement of a university building was not an effective setting to investigate the factors involved. 
D)  briefing the guards at the beginning of the study influenced their behavior, and the study merely showed how willingly people obey orders. 
A)  the methodology was flawed, because participants were not randomly assigned to either the prisoner role or the guard role. 
B)  by stopping the study after six days, instead of letting it continue for the two-week experimental period, the researchers had not allowed enough time for dramatic change to occur. 
C)  a makeshift prison in the basement of a university building was not an effective setting to investigate the factors involved. 
D)  briefing the guards at the beginning of the study influenced their behavior, and the study merely showed how willingly people obey orders.

Question 7

Research on social roles suggests that:

Accepted Answer

A)  people usually follow social roles with conscious deliberation. 
B)  certain aspects of every role must be carried out or there will almost always be penalties. 
C)  male gender roles in Western cultures have been resistant to any changes. 
D)  social roles are fairly independent of culture. 
A)  people usually follow social roles with conscious deliberation. 
B)  certain aspects of every role must be carried out or there will almost always be penalties. 
C)  male gender roles in Western cultures have been resistant to any changes. 
D)  social roles are fairly independent of culture.

Question 8

When students were held as "prisoners" in the Stanford prison study, how did they respond during the first days of the experiment? Why did the researchers end the study at Day 6, instead of Day 14 as initially planned?

Accepted Answer

A good answer will include the following

Question 9

Which of the following increased the likelihood that participants would disobey in Milgram's obedience study?

Accepted Answer

A)  having only one teacher 
B)  having the experimenter in the room with the teacher 
C)  having two experimenters issuing the same commands 
D)  having the experimenter be an ordinary man 
A)  having only one teacher 
B)  having the experimenter in the room with the teacher 
C)  having two experimenters issuing the same commands 
D)  having the experimenter be an ordinary man

Question 10

According to the just-world hypothesis, attributions are affected by the need to believe that the world is fair, that justice prevails, and that good people are rewarded and bad people are punished.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

Which of the following actions by the "learner" reduced the likelihood of being shocked by the "teacher" in Milgram's study?

Accepted Answer

A)  protesting noisily 
B)  screaming in pain 
C)  complaining of having a heart ailment 
D)  nothing the learner did substantially affected the likelihood of being shocked 
A)  protesting noisily 
B)  screaming in pain 
C)  complaining of having a heart ailment 
D)  nothing the learner did substantially affected the likelihood of being shocked

Question 12

If you were injured in a public place, you would be more likely to get help if there were several people in the area rather than only one person.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

The Stanford prison study demonstrates how a person's ________ affect(s) behavior.

Accepted Answer

A)  beliefs 
B)  values 
C)  role 
D)  past experience 
A)  beliefs 
B)  values 
C)  role 
D)  past experience

Question 14

When people are in large crowds and anonymous situations:

Accepted Answer

A)  they conform to the situation's specific norms. 
B)  they become mindless and no longer conform to any social norms. 
C)  they become uninhibited and their sexual urges are released. 
D)  they become combative and their aggressiveness is released. 
A)  they conform to the situation's specific norms. 
B)  they become mindless and no longer conform to any social norms. 
C)  they become uninhibited and their sexual urges are released. 
D)  they become combative and their aggressiveness is released.

Question 15

A state of tension that occurs when a person simultaneously holds two cognitions that are psychologically inconsistent is called:

Accepted Answer

A)  cognitive dissonance. 
B)  the fundamental attribution error. 
C)  the validity effect. 
D)  deindividuation. 
A)  cognitive dissonance. 
B)  the fundamental attribution error. 
C)  the validity effect. 
D)  deindividuation.

Question 16

Which of the following has a significant heritable component?

Accepted Answer

A)  religious affiliation 
B)  political affiliation 
C)  attitudes that favor stability and order versus those favoring equality and change 
D)  attitudes toward modern art 
E)  political conservatism 
A)  religious affiliation 
B)  political affiliation 
C)  attitudes that favor stability and order versus those favoring equality and change 
D)  attitudes toward modern art 
E)  political conservatism

Question 17

Cognitive dissonance is:

Accepted Answer

A)  a state of tension that occurs when a person simultaneously holds two cognitions that are psychologically inconsistent. 
B)  the tendency of members of a group to avoid taking responsibility for their actions because they assume that others will do so. 
C)  the tendency for members of a close-knit group to think alike for the sake of harmony and to suppress disagreement. 
D)  a belief that a statement is true just because the person has heard it repeated over and over again. 
A)  a state of tension that occurs when a person simultaneously holds two cognitions that are psychologically inconsistent. 
B)  the tendency of members of a group to avoid taking responsibility for their actions because they assume that others will do so. 
C)  the tendency for members of a close-knit group to think alike for the sake of harmony and to suppress disagreement. 
D)  a belief that a statement is true just because the person has heard it repeated over and over again.

Question 18

What is cognitive dissonance? List one example of this state of psychological tension.

Accepted Answer

A good answer will include the following

Question 19

Lucas walks around his busy college campus between classes. He notices smoke coming from the side of the cafeteria, but assumes that someone inside already has called the fire department. What phenomenon does this example illustrate?

Accepted Answer

A)  the just-world hypothesis 
B)  diffusion of responsibility 
C)  deindividuation 
D)  groupthink 
A)  the just-world hypothesis 
B)  diffusion of responsibility 
C)  deindividuation 
D)  groupthink

Question 20

When close-knit group members experience groupthink, it means that:

Accepted Answer

A)  they tend to overestimate the personality factors of others and underestimate the situation. 
B)  they tend to use problem-solving procedures that have been effective in the group's past. 
C)  they tend to take individual credit for good decisions and blame the group for poor decisions. 
D)  they tend to think alike and to suppress disagreement for the sake of harmony. 
A)  they tend to overestimate the personality factors of others and underestimate the situation. 
B)  they tend to use problem-solving procedures that have been effective in the group's past. 
C)  they tend to take individual credit for good decisions and blame the group for poor decisions. 
D)  they tend to think alike and to suppress disagreement for the sake of harmony.

Which of the following is true about obedience?

Replications of Milgram's study of obedience showed:

Which of the following is an example of entrapment as it relates to obedience?

Solomon Asch designed his famous conformity studies in order to see what people would do when a group unanimously contradicted an obvious fact.

Carlos and his work associates form a close, friendly group, and they usually work well together. However, they may face a problem involving an extreme form of conformity called:

Critics of the Stanford prison study argue that:

Research on social roles suggests that:

When students were held as "prisoners" in the Stanford prison study, how did they respond during the first days of the experiment? Why did the researchers end the study at Day 6, instead of Day 14 as initially planned?

Which of the following increased the likelihood that participants would disobey in Milgram's obedience study?

According to the just-world hypothesis, attributions are affected by the need to believe that the world is fair, that justice prevails, and that good people are rewarded and bad people are punished.

Which of the following actions by the "learner" reduced the likelihood of being shocked by the "teacher" in Milgram's study?

If you were injured in a public place, you would be more likely to get help if there were several people in the area rather than only one person.

The Stanford prison study demonstrates how a person's ________ affect(s) behavior.

When people are in large crowds and anonymous situations:

A state of tension that occurs when a person simultaneously holds two cognitions that are psychologically inconsistent is called:

Which of the following has a significant heritable component?

Cognitive dissonance is:

What is cognitive dissonance? List one example of this state of psychological tension.

Lucas walks around his busy college campus between classes. He notices smoke coming from the side of the cafeteria, but assumes that someone inside already has called the fire department. What phenomenon does this example illustrate?

When close-knit group members experience groupthink, it means that:

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Exam 8: Behavior in Social and Cultural Context

Which of the following is true about obedience?

Replications of Milgram's study of obedience showed:

Which of the following is an example of entrapment as it relates to obedience?

Solomon Asch designed his famous conformity studies in order to see what people would do when a group unanimously contradicted an obvious fact.

Carlos and his work associates form a close, friendly group, and they usually work well together. However, they may face a problem involving an extreme form of conformity called:

Critics of the Stanford prison study argue that:

Research on social roles suggests that:

When students were held as "prisoners" in the Stanford prison study, how did they respond during the first days of the experiment? Why did the researchers end the study at Day 6, instead of Day 14 as initially planned?

Which of the following increased the likelihood that participants would disobey in Milgram's obedience study?

According to the just-world hypothesis, attributions are affected by the need to believe that the world is fair, that justice prevails, and that good people are rewarded and bad people are punished.

Which of the following actions by the "learner" reduced the likelihood of being shocked by the "teacher" in Milgram's study?

If you were injured in a public place, you would be more likely to get help if there were several people in the area rather than only one person.

The Stanford prison study demonstrates how a person's ________ affect(s) behavior.

When people are in large crowds and anonymous situations:

A state of tension that occurs when a person simultaneously holds two cognitions that are psychologically inconsistent is called:

Which of the following has a significant heritable component?

Cognitive dissonance is:

What is cognitive dissonance? List one example of this state of psychological tension.

Lucas walks around his busy college campus between classes. He notices smoke coming from the side of the cafeteria, but assumes that someone inside already has called the fire department. What phenomenon does this example illustrate?

When close-knit group members experience groupthink, it means that:

What Is Psychology

How Psychologists Do Research

Genes, Evolution, and Environment

The Brain and Nervous System

Body Rhythms and Mental States

Sensation and Perception

Learning and Conditioning

Thinking and Intelligence

Memory

Emotion, Stress, and Health

Motivation

Development Over the Life Span

Theories of Personality

Psychological Disorders

Approaches to Treatment and Therapy

Filters