Question 1

Who conducted the "obedience study" in which an authority figure commanded participants to violate their ethical standards?

Accepted Answer

A)  Solomon Asch 
B)  Stanley Milgram 
C)  Philip Zimbardo 
D)  Muzafer Sherif 
A)  Solomon Asch 
B)  Stanley Milgram 
C)  Philip Zimbardo 
D)  Muzafer Sherif

Question 2

The belief that one's own ethnic group, nation, or religion is superior to all others is called the self-serving bias.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 3

________ reflects a behavioral expression of prejudice: a reluctance to get too close to another group.

Accepted Answer

A)  Personal space 
B)  Social distance 
C)  Cultural space 
D)  Discrimination distance 
A)  Personal space 
B)  Social distance 
C)  Cultural space 
D)  Discrimination distance

Question 4

According to attribution theory, the explanations we give for our behavior and the behavior of others generally fall into two categories:

Accepted Answer

A)  dispositional and situational. 
B)  environmental and situational. 
C)  mental and physical. 
D)  implicit and explicit. 
A)  dispositional and situational. 
B)  environmental and situational. 
C)  mental and physical. 
D)  implicit and explicit.

Question 5

The just-world hypothesis leads to a dispositional attribution called "blaming the victim."

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

Solomon Asch, in his experiments testing conformity, wanted to know what people would do when a group unanimously contradicted an obvious fact. What was found in Asch's studies and in the many replications of his work?

Accepted Answer

A good answer will include the following

Question 7

Discuss the following causes or origins of prejudice and provide examples to illustrate your points: psychological, social, cultural, and economic.

Accepted Answer

A good answer will include the following

Question 8

The familiarity effect is the tendency of people to:

Accepted Answer

A)  be unable to distinguish between actual experiences and what they have been told. 
B)  believe that a statement is true simply because it has been repeated a number of times. 
C)  feel more positive toward a person, item, product, or other stimulus that they have seen often. 
D)  overestimate their abilities to have predicted an event once the outcome is known. 
A)  be unable to distinguish between actual experiences and what they have been told. 
B)  believe that a statement is true simply because it has been repeated a number of times. 
C)  feel more positive toward a person, item, product, or other stimulus that they have seen often. 
D)  overestimate their abilities to have predicted an event once the outcome is known.

Question 9

Entrapment is a state of tension that occurs when a person's belief is incongruent with his or her behavior.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

The social psychologists who conducted the Stanford prison study found dramatic results within a short period of time.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

Deindividuation occurs when members of a group lose awareness of their own individuality.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

What strategy does the Robbers Cave study suggest for reducing "us-them" thinking and hostility between groups?

Accepted Answer

interdepen

Question 13

Janet, an administrative assistant at a London firm, is trying to find reasons for her boss's hostile behavior. She is likely to:

Accepted Answer

A)  ignore her boss's dispositional attributions in favor of situational attributions. 
B)  leap to the attribution that her boss's behavior corresponds to work demands. 
C)  explore her boss's personality traits and the environmental constraints to derive an explanation. 
D)  overestimate her boss's personality traits and underestimate the influence of the situation. 
A)  ignore her boss's dispositional attributions in favor of situational attributions. 
B)  leap to the attribution that her boss's behavior corresponds to work demands. 
C)  explore her boss's personality traits and the environmental constraints to derive an explanation. 
D)  overestimate her boss's personality traits and underestimate the influence of the situation.

Question 14

About what proportion of the people in Milgram's obedience study administered the highest level of shock?

Accepted Answer

A)  two-thirds 
B)  one-half 
C)  one-third 
D)  one-tenth 
A)  two-thirds 
B)  one-half 
C)  one-third 
D)  one-tenth

Question 15

A norm is a given social position that is governed by a set of rules for proper behavior.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

Who conducted an experiment on conformity in which people were asked to judge the length of lines?

Accepted Answer

A)  Solomon Asch 
B)  Stanley Milgram 
C)  Philip Zimbardo 
D)  Muzafer Sherif 
A)  Solomon Asch 
B)  Stanley Milgram 
C)  Philip Zimbardo 
D)  Muzafer Sherif

Question 17

A psychological cause of prejudice is that it:

Accepted Answer

A)  reduces feelings of entrapment. 
B)  increases self-esteem. 
C)  increases altruistic behavior. 
D)  decreases us-them thinking. 
A)  reduces feelings of entrapment. 
B)  increases self-esteem. 
C)  increases altruistic behavior. 
D)  decreases us-them thinking.

Question 18

Describe the two general types of attributions people use to explain the behavior of themselves and others, and discuss key concepts in attribution theory, such as the fundamental attribution error, the self-serving bias, and the just-world hypothesis.

Accepted Answer

A good answer will include the following

Question 19

What cultural differences have been found in regard to the fundamental attribution error?

Accepted Answer

A good answer will include the following

Question 20

Before Stanley Milgram conducted the obedience study, he surveyed several psychiatrists, students, and middle-class adults as to how many people they predicted would go all the way to the highest voltage under the instructions of the authority. Milgram's survey found that:

Accepted Answer

A)  psychiatrists accurately predicted that about 45 percent of the participants would inflict what they thought were dangerous amounts of shock. 
B)  students and middle-class adults accurately predicted that about 25 percent of the participants would inflict what they thought were dangerous amounts of shock. 
C)  psychiatrists predicted that only one person in a thousand would administer the highest voltage and the nonprofessionals agreed with this statement. 
D)  psychiatrists, students, and middle-class adults accurately predicted that about 15 percent of the participants would inflict what they thought were dangerous amounts of shock. 
A)  psychiatrists accurately predicted that about 45 percent of the participants would inflict what they thought were dangerous amounts of shock. 
B)  students and middle-class adults accurately predicted that about 25 percent of the participants would inflict what they thought were dangerous amounts of shock. 
C)  psychiatrists predicted that only one person in a thousand would administer the highest voltage and the nonprofessionals agreed with this statement. 
D)  psychiatrists, students, and middle-class adults accurately predicted that about 15 percent of the participants would inflict what they thought were dangerous amounts of shock.

Who conducted the "obedience study" in which an authority figure commanded participants to violate their ethical standards?

The belief that one's own ethnic group, nation, or religion is superior to all others is called the self-serving bias.

________ reflects a behavioral expression of prejudice: a reluctance to get too close to another group.

According to attribution theory, the explanations we give for our behavior and the behavior of others generally fall into two categories:

The just-world hypothesis leads to a dispositional attribution called "blaming the victim."

Solomon Asch, in his experiments testing conformity, wanted to know what people would do when a group unanimously contradicted an obvious fact. What was found in Asch's studies and in the many replications of his work?

Discuss the following causes or origins of prejudice and provide examples to illustrate your points: psychological, social, cultural, and economic.

The familiarity effect is the tendency of people to:

Entrapment is a state of tension that occurs when a person's belief is incongruent with his or her behavior.

The social psychologists who conducted the Stanford prison study found dramatic results within a short period of time.

Deindividuation occurs when members of a group lose awareness of their own individuality.

What strategy does the Robbers Cave study suggest for reducing "us-them" thinking and hostility between groups?

Janet, an administrative assistant at a London firm, is trying to find reasons for her boss's hostile behavior. She is likely to:

About what proportion of the people in Milgram's obedience study administered the highest level of shock?

A norm is a given social position that is governed by a set of rules for proper behavior.

Who conducted an experiment on conformity in which people were asked to judge the length of lines?

A psychological cause of prejudice is that it:

Describe the two general types of attributions people use to explain the behavior of themselves and others, and discuss key concepts in attribution theory, such as the fundamental attribution error, the self-serving bias, and the just-world hypothesis.

What cultural differences have been found in regard to the fundamental attribution error?

Before Stanley Milgram conducted the obedience study, he surveyed several psychiatrists, students, and middle-class adults as to how many people they predicted would go all the way to the highest voltage under the instructions of the authority. Milgram's survey found that:

What Is Psychology

How Psychologists Do Research

Genes, Evolution, and Environment

The Brain and Nervous System

Body Rhythms and Mental States

Sensation and Perception

Learning and Conditioning

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Motivation

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Exam 8: Behavior in Social and Cultural Context

Who conducted the "obedience study" in which an authority figure commanded participants to violate their ethical standards?

The belief that one's own ethnic group, nation, or religion is superior to all others is called the self-serving bias.

________ reflects a behavioral expression of prejudice: a reluctance to get too close to another group.

According to attribution theory, the explanations we give for our behavior and the behavior of others generally fall into two categories:

The just-world hypothesis leads to a dispositional attribution called "blaming the victim."

Solomon Asch, in his experiments testing conformity, wanted to know what people would do when a group unanimously contradicted an obvious fact. What was found in Asch's studies and in the many replications of his work?

Discuss the following causes or origins of prejudice and provide examples to illustrate your points: psychological, social, cultural, and economic.

The familiarity effect is the tendency of people to:

Entrapment is a state of tension that occurs when a person's belief is incongruent with his or her behavior.

The social psychologists who conducted the Stanford prison study found dramatic results within a short period of time.

Deindividuation occurs when members of a group lose awareness of their own individuality.

What strategy does the Robbers Cave study suggest for reducing "us-them" thinking and hostility between groups?

Janet, an administrative assistant at a London firm, is trying to find reasons for her boss's hostile behavior. She is likely to:

About what proportion of the people in Milgram's obedience study administered the highest level of shock?

A norm is a given social position that is governed by a set of rules for proper behavior.

Who conducted an experiment on conformity in which people were asked to judge the length of lines?

A psychological cause of prejudice is that it:

Describe the two general types of attributions people use to explain the behavior of themselves and others, and discuss key concepts in attribution theory, such as the fundamental attribution error, the self-serving bias, and the just-world hypothesis.

What cultural differences have been found in regard to the fundamental attribution error?

Before Stanley Milgram conducted the obedience study, he surveyed several psychiatrists, students, and middle-class adults as to how many people they predicted would go all the way to the highest voltage under the instructions of the authority. Milgram's survey found that:

What Is Psychology

How Psychologists Do Research

Genes, Evolution, and Environment

The Brain and Nervous System

Body Rhythms and Mental States

Sensation and Perception

Learning and Conditioning

Thinking and Intelligence

Memory

Emotion, Stress, and Health

Motivation

Development Over the Life Span

Theories of Personality

Psychological Disorders

Approaches to Treatment and Therapy

Filters