Exam 8: Behavior in Social and Cultural Context

According to the just-world hypothesis, people tend to believe that:

What criticisms have been raised regarding Milgram's comparison of his study with the brutality of the Nazis during World War II?

Which of the following is a sign of groupthink?

Describe the story of entrapment told by the 25 men who had served in the Greek military during the authoritarian regime that ended in 1974.

Angela is a participant in a replication of a very famous psychology experiment. Along with seven other students seated in a room, she is shown a 10-inch test line, and then everyone takes turns identifying another line that matches the test line in length (choosing from a set of three lines). The experimenter is interested in studying:

In close-knit groups, the tendency for all members to think alike and to suppress disagreement for the sake of harmony is called the fundamental attribution error.

A cultural cause of prejudice is that it:

One of the most powerful weapons that groups have to insure their members' cooperation and to weed out disruptive members is rejection or permanent banishment.

Representative Jansen, a U.S. congresswoman, believes in the reproductive rights and welfare of women but voted to ban late-term abortions. Jansen feels very uneasy about the conflict between her beliefs and her behavior. She is most likely experiencing:

At Nicholas' high school, a rumor was spread that the principal was having an affair with one of the teachers. Although Nicholas didn't believe the rumor at first, the more he heard the rumor repeated, the more he accepted it as a fact. This is an example of:

Which of the following is a symptom of groupthink?

What important positive role do stereotypes play in human thinking?

______ reflects a behavioral expression of prejudice: a reluctance to get too close to another group.

What is meant by the term ethnocentrism? Give one example to illustrate this term.

Culture can be defined as a program of shared ________ that govern the behavior of people in a society as well as a set of shared values and beliefs.

A social cause of prejudice comes from pressure to:

In the Stanford prison study, male college students agreed to participate in a two-week experiment to discover what would happen when they took on the roles of prisoners and guards. The researchers found that:

______________ refers to the tendency to overestimate dispositional influences (and underestimate situational influences) when explaining another person's behavior.

When people are asked to think of heroes they personally know, they generally name only men.

Lucas walks around his busy college campus between classes. He notices smoke coming from the side of the cafeteria, but assumes that someone inside already has called the fire department. What phenomenon does this example illustrate?