Question 1

According to Freud, the psychosexual stage that occurs during the grade school years until puberty is called the:

Accepted Answer

A)  latency stage. 
B)  oral stage. 
C)  anal stage. 
D)  phallic stage. 
A)  latency stage. 
B)  oral stage. 
C)  anal stage. 
D)  phallic stage.

Question 2

A major criticism of humanist theories of personality is that:

Accepted Answer

A)  they are overly pessimistic about human beings. 
B)  many of the humanist assumptions are untestable. 
C)  their operational definitions cannot be generalized to everyday life. 
D)  peak experiences occur too frequently to be indicators of self-actualization. 
A)  they are overly pessimistic about human beings. 
B)  many of the humanist assumptions are untestable. 
C)  their operational definitions cannot be generalized to everyday life. 
D)  peak experiences occur too frequently to be indicators of self-actualization.

Question 3

If the frustration, conflict, and anxiety associated with a particular psychosexual stage are not properly resolved, Freud believed children may:

Accepted Answer

A)  jump forward to the next stage. 
B)  regress back to the previous stage. 
C)  remain fixated, or stuck, at that stage. 
D)  fail to develop a superego. 
A)  jump forward to the next stage. 
B)  regress back to the previous stage. 
C)  remain fixated, or stuck, at that stage. 
D)  fail to develop a superego.

Question 4

Critics of psychodynamic theories argue that these theories are guilty of three scientific failings. Name the failings discussed in your textbook and then share your personal reaction to psychodynamic theory and its critics.

Accepted Answer

A good answer will include the following

Question 5

In popular culture, unconditional positive regard is often misinterpreted as:

Accepted Answer

A)  offering constructive criticism when a child needs guidance. 
B)  setting limits in order to facilitate a child's development. 
C)  assurance that a child is loved despite mistakes that are made. 
D)  an unwillingness to ever say "no" to a child. 
A)  offering constructive criticism when a child needs guidance. 
B)  setting limits in order to facilitate a child's development. 
C)  assurance that a child is loved despite mistakes that are made. 
D)  an unwillingness to ever say "no" to a child.

Question 6

Estimates of the heritability of personality traits are typically about:

Accepted Answer

A)  0.30. 
B)  0.50. 
C)  0.65. 
D)  0.70. 
A)  0.30. 
B)  0.50. 
C)  0.65. 
D)  0.70.

Question 7

In psychoanalysis, which component of personality is present at birth and is the reservoir of unconscious psychological energies and the motives to avoid pain and obtain pleasure?

Accepted Answer

A)  the id 
B)  the ego 
C)  the libido 
D)  the superego 
A)  the id 
B)  the ego 
C)  the libido 
D)  the superego

Question 8

Describe the ways in which the object-relations school departs from Freudian theory in regard to the nature of male and female development.

Accepted Answer

A good answer will include the following

Question 9

Behavioural geneticists are finding that within a group of people, about _______________ of the variation in personality traits such as happiness is attributable to genetic differences.

Accepted Answer

A)  10 percent 
B)  30 percent 
C)  50 percent 
D)  70 percent 
A)  10 percent 
B)  30 percent 
C)  50 percent 
D)  70 percent

Question 10

Vito is angry when the school bus driver blames him for misbehaving, when it actually was the child behind him who had been acting up. As he gets off the bus, he kicks the bus tire. Freud would say that Vito is unconsciously using the defence mechanism of:

Accepted Answer

A)  displacement. 
B)  repression. 
C)  projection. 
D)  denial. 
A)  displacement. 
B)  repression. 
C)  projection. 
D)  denial.

Question 11

A psychologist is studying how a society's shared rules, along with the values, beliefs, and attitudes shared by most members of that community, affect the behaviour of individuals. This research could be described as investigating the effect of _____________ on behaviour.

Accepted Answer

A)  culture 
B)  the collective unconscious 
C)  shared environment 
D)  reciprocal determinism 
A)  culture 
B)  the collective unconscious 
C)  shared environment 
D)  reciprocal determinism

Question 12

In psychoanalysis, which component of personality represents morality and parental authority?

Accepted Answer

A)  the id 
B)  the ego 
C)  the libido 
D)  the superego 
A)  the id 
B)  the ego 
C)  the libido 
D)  the superego

Question 13

Some psychologists critique psychodynamic theories because they are largely based on the retrospective accounts of adults. One reason this is a problem is that:

Accepted Answer

A)  adult memories of childhood experiences may be flawed. 
B)  random samples are biased. 
C)  childhood experiences can affect adult personalities. 
D)  retrospective studies only focus on atypical adults. 
A)  adult memories of childhood experiences may be flawed. 
B)  random samples are biased. 
C)  childhood experiences can affect adult personalities. 
D)  retrospective studies only focus on atypical adults.

Question 14

Four-year-old Lindsey squeezes between her Mommy and Daddy as they sit together on the couch. She cuddles her Daddy but refuses to kiss her Mommy. Which Freudian concept does this scenario illustrate?

Accepted Answer

A)  the genital stage 
B)  the Oedipus complex 
C)  sublimation 
D)  regression 
A)  the genital stage 
B)  the Oedipus complex 
C)  sublimation 
D)  regression

Question 15

Members of individualist cultures:

Accepted Answer

A)  give priority to personal goals. 
B)  value obligation and security. 
C)  place responsibilities to the group above personal goals. 
D)  tend to explain behaviours through group norms. 
A)  give priority to personal goals. 
B)  value obligation and security. 
C)  place responsibilities to the group above personal goals. 
D)  tend to explain behaviours through group norms.

Question 16

Maya is 10 years old. She is very quiet and kind at home but her teacher calls one day to report that Maya appears to be a ringleader of a gang of girls who are vandalizing the restrooms and preventing younger children from using the playground. What might be the reason for her personality change?

Accepted Answer

A good answer will include the following

Question 17

Describe Jung's concept of the collective unconscious.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe Jung's concept of the collective unconscious....

Question 18

_______________ is defined as a distinctive and relatively stable pattern of behaviours, thoughts, motives, and emotions that characterizes an individual throughout life.

Accepted Answer

A)  A trait 
B)  Personality 
C)  Temperament 
D)  The ego 
A)  A trait 
B)  Personality 
C)  Temperament 
D)  The ego

Question 19

Contrast the characteristics of individualist and collectivist cultures with regard to:
− definitions of self,
− goals,
− values,
− explanations of behaviour (attributions),
− group norms, and
− the cost/benefit ratio in maintaining relationships.

Accepted Answer

A good answer will include the following

Question 20

According to Gordon Allport, the number of central traits that most individuals have is:

Accepted Answer

A)  one. 
B)  five to ten. 
C)  twenty. 
D)  fifty to sixty. 
A)  one. 
B)  five to ten. 
C)  twenty. 
D)  fifty to sixty.

According to Freud, the psychosexual stage that occurs during the grade school years until puberty is called the:

A major criticism of humanist theories of personality is that:

If the frustration, conflict, and anxiety associated with a particular psychosexual stage are not properly resolved, Freud believed children may:

Critics of psychodynamic theories argue that these theories are guilty of three scientific failings. Name the failings discussed in your textbook and then share your personal reaction to psychodynamic theory and its critics.

In popular culture, unconditional positive regard is often misinterpreted as:

Estimates of the heritability of personality traits are typically about:

In psychoanalysis, which component of personality is present at birth and is the reservoir of unconscious psychological energies and the motives to avoid pain and obtain pleasure?

Describe the ways in which the object-relations school departs from Freudian theory in regard to the nature of male and female development.

Behavioural geneticists are finding that within a group of people, about _______________ of the variation in personality traits such as happiness is attributable to genetic differences.

Vito is angry when the school bus driver blames him for misbehaving, when it actually was the child behind him who had been acting up. As he gets off the bus, he kicks the bus tire. Freud would say that Vito is unconsciously using the defence mechanism of:

A psychologist is studying how a society's shared rules, along with the values, beliefs, and attitudes shared by most members of that community, affect the behaviour of individuals. This research could be described as investigating the effect of _____________ on behaviour.

In psychoanalysis, which component of personality represents morality and parental authority?

Some psychologists critique psychodynamic theories because they are largely based on the retrospective accounts of adults. One reason this is a problem is that:

Four-year-old Lindsey squeezes between her Mommy and Daddy as they sit together on the couch. She cuddles her Daddy but refuses to kiss her Mommy. Which Freudian concept does this scenario illustrate?

Members of individualist cultures:

Maya is 10 years old. She is very quiet and kind at home but her teacher calls one day to report that Maya appears to be a ringleader of a gang of girls who are vandalizing the restrooms and preventing younger children from using the playground. What might be the reason for her personality change?

Describe Jung's concept of the collective unconscious.

_______________ is defined as a distinctive and relatively stable pattern of behaviours, thoughts, motives, and emotions that characterizes an individual throughout life.

Contrast the characteristics of individualist and collectivist cultures with regard to: − definitions of self, − goals, − values, − explanations of behaviour (attributions), − group norms, and − the cost/benefit ratio in maintaining relationships.

According to Gordon Allport, the number of central traits that most individuals have is:

What Is Psychology

How Psychologists Do Research

Genes, Evolution, and Environment

The Brain and Nervous System

Body Rhythms and Mental States

Sensation and Perception

Learning and Conditioning

Behaviour in Social and Cultural Context

Thinking and Intelligence

Memory

Emotion, Stress, and Health

Motivation

Development Over the Life Span

Psychological Disorders

Approaches to Treatment and Therapy

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Exam 14: Theories of Personality

According to Freud, the psychosexual stage that occurs during the grade school years until puberty is called the:

A major criticism of humanist theories of personality is that:

If the frustration, conflict, and anxiety associated with a particular psychosexual stage are not properly resolved, Freud believed children may:

Critics of psychodynamic theories argue that these theories are guilty of three scientific failings. Name the failings discussed in your textbook and then share your personal reaction to psychodynamic theory and its critics.

In popular culture, unconditional positive regard is often misinterpreted as:

Estimates of the heritability of personality traits are typically about:

In psychoanalysis, which component of personality is present at birth and is the reservoir of unconscious psychological energies and the motives to avoid pain and obtain pleasure?

Describe the ways in which the object-relations school departs from Freudian theory in regard to the nature of male and female development.

Behavioural geneticists are finding that within a group of people, about _______________ of the variation in personality traits such as happiness is attributable to genetic differences.

Vito is angry when the school bus driver blames him for misbehaving, when it actually was the child behind him who had been acting up. As he gets off the bus, he kicks the bus tire. Freud would say that Vito is unconsciously using the defence mechanism of:

A psychologist is studying how a society's shared rules, along with the values, beliefs, and attitudes shared by most members of that community, affect the behaviour of individuals. This research could be described as investigating the effect of _____________ on behaviour.

In psychoanalysis, which component of personality represents morality and parental authority?

Some psychologists critique psychodynamic theories because they are largely based on the retrospective accounts of adults. One reason this is a problem is that:

Four-year-old Lindsey squeezes between her Mommy and Daddy as they sit together on the couch. She cuddles her Daddy but refuses to kiss her Mommy. Which Freudian concept does this scenario illustrate?

Members of individualist cultures:

Maya is 10 years old. She is very quiet and kind at home but her teacher calls one day to report that Maya appears to be a ringleader of a gang of girls who are vandalizing the restrooms and preventing younger children from using the playground. What might be the reason for her personality change?

Describe Jung's concept of the collective unconscious.

_______________ is defined as a distinctive and relatively stable pattern of behaviours, thoughts, motives, and emotions that characterizes an individual throughout life.

Contrast the characteristics of individualist and collectivist cultures with regard to: − definitions of self, − goals, − values, − explanations of behaviour (attributions), − group norms, and − the cost/benefit ratio in maintaining relationships.

According to Gordon Allport, the number of central traits that most individuals have is:

What Is Psychology

How Psychologists Do Research

Genes, Evolution, and Environment

The Brain and Nervous System

Body Rhythms and Mental States

Sensation and Perception

Learning and Conditioning

Behaviour in Social and Cultural Context

Thinking and Intelligence

Memory

Emotion, Stress, and Health

Motivation

Development Over the Life Span

Psychological Disorders

Approaches to Treatment and Therapy

Filters