Question 1

The first psychodynamic theory of personality was developed by:

Accepted Answer

A)  Sigmund Freud. 
B)  John Watson. 
C)  Abraham Maslow. 
D)  Carl Jung. 
A)  Sigmund Freud. 
B)  John Watson. 
C)  Abraham Maslow. 
D)  Carl Jung.

Question 2

Phrases such as "displacing one's anger," "being in denial," and "repressing a memory" are all based on ideas related to:

Accepted Answer

A)  social-cognitive learning theory. 
B)  psychodynamic theory. 
C)  humanist theory. 
D)  trait theory. 
A)  social-cognitive learning theory. 
B)  psychodynamic theory. 
C)  humanist theory. 
D)  trait theory.

Question 3

Amir is constantly worrying about things, even though he really doesn't have anything to worry about. He constantly complains about his coursework and gives up on difficult projects easily. Amir is best described as highly:

Accepted Answer

A)  antagonistic. 
B)  extroverted. 
C)  impulsive. 
D)  neurotic. 
A)  antagonistic. 
B)  extroverted. 
C)  impulsive. 
D)  neurotic.

Question 4

Archetypes are:

Accepted Answer

A)  beliefs about how your own mind and the minds of other people work. 
B)  habitual ways of thinking, feeling, and behaving. 
C)  universal, symbolic images that appear in myths, art, and dreams. 
D)  strategies to succeed in the world that are not explicitly taught. 
A)  beliefs about how your own mind and the minds of other people work. 
B)  habitual ways of thinking, feeling, and behaving. 
C)  universal, symbolic images that appear in myths, art, and dreams. 
D)  strategies to succeed in the world that are not explicitly taught.

Question 5

_______________ is a statistical estimate of the proportion of the total variance in some trait that is attributable to genetic differences among individuals within a group.

Accepted Answer

A)  Reciprocal determinism 
B)  Heritability 
C)  Factor analysis 
D)  Congruence 
A)  Reciprocal determinism 
B)  Heritability 
C)  Factor analysis 
D)  Congruence

Question 6

It was over a century ago that Sigmund Freud published his theory. How has his work stood the test of time? How is psychoanalytic theory regarded by psychologists and other scholars of the twenty-first century?

Accepted Answer

A good answer will include the following

Question 7

_______________, according to personality researchers, is an important trait that is not included among the Big Five.

Accepted Answer

A)  Religiosity 
B)  Suspicion 
C)  Carelessness 
D)  Neuroticism 
A)  Religiosity 
B)  Suspicion 
C)  Carelessness 
D)  Neuroticism

Question 8

_______________ is a statistical estimate of the proportion of the total variance in some trait among individuals within a group that is attributable to genetic differences.

Accepted Answer

A)  Reciprocal determinism 
B)  Heritability 
C)  Factor analysis 
D)  Congruence 
A)  Reciprocal determinism 
B)  Heritability 
C)  Factor analysis 
D)  Congruence

Question 9

Theorists within the psychodynamic tradition would agree that:

Accepted Answer

A)  humans are rational decision makers. 
B)  personality development is smooth and continuous. 
C)  psychologists need to rely on objective rather than subjective methods. 
D)  adult personalities and ongoing problems are formed primarily by experiences in early childhood. 
A)  humans are rational decision makers. 
B)  personality development is smooth and continuous. 
C)  psychologists need to rely on objective rather than subjective methods. 
D)  adult personalities and ongoing problems are formed primarily by experiences in early childhood.

Question 10

Early philosophers suggested that human personality is based on:

Accepted Answer

A)  the sense of being able to achieve goals. 
B)  early relationships with the mother. 
C)  the mixes of four basic body fluids. 
D)  a person's subjective sense of self and free will. 
A)  the sense of being able to achieve goals. 
B)  early relationships with the mother. 
C)  the mixes of four basic body fluids. 
D)  a person's subjective sense of self and free will.

Question 11

When childrearing methods are studied, researchers have found that:

Accepted Answer

A)  almost all children have lasting emotional damage if their parents use abusive methods. 
B)  loving parents who are consistent in their childrearing seldom have troubled children. 
C)  the shared environment of the home has little if any influence on personality. 
D)  parents adopt a preferred method of childrearing and seldom vary it from child to child. 
A)  almost all children have lasting emotional damage if their parents use abusive methods. 
B)  loving parents who are consistent in their childrearing seldom have troubled children. 
C)  the shared environment of the home has little if any influence on personality. 
D)  parents adopt a preferred method of childrearing and seldom vary it from child to child.

Question 12

_______________ is a fundamental personality dimension that describes the extent to which people are outgoing or shy.

Accepted Answer

A)  Agreeableness versus antagonism 
B)  Extroversion versus introversion 
C)  Neuroticism versus emotional stability 
D)  Openness to experience versus resistance to new experience 
A)  Agreeableness versus antagonism 
B)  Extroversion versus introversion 
C)  Neuroticism versus emotional stability 
D)  Openness to experience versus resistance to new experience

Question 13

According to Sigmund Freud, _______________ is the stage of psychosexual development that is present during the first year of life.

Accepted Answer

A)  the oral stage 
B)  the anal stage 
C)  the phallic stage 
D)  the latency stage 
A)  the oral stage 
B)  the anal stage 
C)  the phallic stage 
D)  the latency stage

Question 14

A person's personality can affect the way they perceive an experience. Conversely, different experiences can change the way a person's perceptions take place. This is an example of which concept?

Accepted Answer

A)  social-cognitive interaction 
B)  nature-nurture theory 
C)  heritability 
D)  reciprocal determinism 
A)  social-cognitive interaction 
B)  nature-nurture theory 
C)  heritability 
D)  reciprocal determinism

Question 15

According to Sigmund Freud, which of the following occurs in the phallic stage?

Accepted Answer

A)  the Oedipus complex 
B)  a period of nonsexuality 
C)  toilet training 
D)  the emergence of the superego 
A)  the Oedipus complex 
B)  a period of nonsexuality 
C)  toilet training 
D)  the emergence of the superego

Question 16

_______________, one of the oldest theories of personality, was very influential and still appeals to some psychologists today.

Accepted Answer

A)  Humanist theory 
B)  Genetic theory 
C)  Psychoanalytic theory 
D)  Cognitive theory 
A)  Humanist theory 
B)  Genetic theory 
C)  Psychoanalytic theory 
D)  Cognitive theory

Question 17

Researchers measure genetic contributions to personality in three ways: by studying personality traits in other species, by studying the temperaments of human infants and children, and by doing heritability studies of twins and adopted individuals. Briefly summarize the evidence from each type of study that personality is, at least in part, biologically determined.

Accepted Answer

A good answer will include the following

Question 18

After twelve years of attending the same schools, Holly and Amy chose to attend colleges in different states. Holly remembered Amy as a shy but friendly girl who rarely took risks, and so Holly was surprised when her friend sent an email describing the thrill of skydiving. Holly's surprise occurred because Amy's behaviours don't match the ________________ that Holly had observed in high school.

Accepted Answer

A)  peak experiences 
B)  personality traits 
C)  archetypes 
D)  defence mechanisms 
A)  peak experiences 
B)  personality traits 
C)  archetypes 
D)  defence mechanisms

Question 19

The Barnum effect occurs when:

Accepted Answer

A)  an individual's temperament emerges early in life, therefore influencing subsequent personality development. 
B)  parental influence over a child begins to wane as the child is influenced by aspects of nonshared environments. 
C)  a man in a culture of honour becomes angry after a perceived insult and then behaves aggressively to restore his honour. 
D)  an individualized personality analysis is given, but it is written in such vague terms that it could apply to almost everyone. 
A)  an individual's temperament emerges early in life, therefore influencing subsequent personality development. 
B)  parental influence over a child begins to wane as the child is influenced by aspects of nonshared environments. 
C)  a man in a culture of honour becomes angry after a perceived insult and then behaves aggressively to restore his honour. 
D)  an individualized personality analysis is given, but it is written in such vague terms that it could apply to almost everyone.

Question 20

Male aggression is likely high in a culture:

Accepted Answer

A)  in which resources are abundant and there are no serious hazards. 
B)  primarily based on agriculture. 
C)  in which competition for limited resources is fierce and survival is difficult. 
D)  with a history of slavery. 
A)  in which resources are abundant and there are no serious hazards. 
B)  primarily based on agriculture. 
C)  in which competition for limited resources is fierce and survival is difficult. 
D)  with a history of slavery.

The first psychodynamic theory of personality was developed by:

Phrases such as "displacing one's anger," "being in denial," and "repressing a memory" are all based on ideas related to:

Amir is constantly worrying about things, even though he really doesn't have anything to worry about. He constantly complains about his coursework and gives up on difficult projects easily. Amir is best described as highly:

Archetypes are:

_______________ is a statistical estimate of the proportion of the total variance in some trait that is attributable to genetic differences among individuals within a group.

It was over a century ago that Sigmund Freud published his theory. How has his work stood the test of time? How is psychoanalytic theory regarded by psychologists and other scholars of the twenty-first century?

_______________, according to personality researchers, is an important trait that is not included among the Big Five.

_______________ is a statistical estimate of the proportion of the total variance in some trait among individuals within a group that is attributable to genetic differences.

Theorists within the psychodynamic tradition would agree that:

Early philosophers suggested that human personality is based on:

When childrearing methods are studied, researchers have found that:

_______________ is a fundamental personality dimension that describes the extent to which people are outgoing or shy.

According to Sigmund Freud, _______________ is the stage of psychosexual development that is present during the first year of life.

A person's personality can affect the way they perceive an experience. Conversely, different experiences can change the way a person's perceptions take place. This is an example of which concept?

According to Sigmund Freud, which of the following occurs in the phallic stage?

_______________, one of the oldest theories of personality, was very influential and still appeals to some psychologists today.

The Barnum effect occurs when:

Male aggression is likely high in a culture:

What Is Psychology

How Psychologists Do Research

Genes, Evolution, and Environment

The Brain and Nervous System

Body Rhythms and Mental States

Sensation and Perception

Learning and Conditioning

Behaviour in Social and Cultural Context

Thinking and Intelligence

Memory

Emotion, Stress, and Health

Motivation

Development Over the Life Span

Psychological Disorders

Approaches to Treatment and Therapy

Filters

Exam 14: Theories of Personality

The first psychodynamic theory of personality was developed by:

Phrases such as "displacing one's anger," "being in denial," and "repressing a memory" are all based on ideas related to:

Amir is constantly worrying about things, even though he really doesn't have anything to worry about. He constantly complains about his coursework and gives up on difficult projects easily. Amir is best described as highly:

Archetypes are:

_______________ is a statistical estimate of the proportion of the total variance in some trait that is attributable to genetic differences among individuals within a group.

It was over a century ago that Sigmund Freud published his theory. How has his work stood the test of time? How is psychoanalytic theory regarded by psychologists and other scholars of the twenty-first century?

_______________, according to personality researchers, is an important trait that is not included among the Big Five.

_______________ is a statistical estimate of the proportion of the total variance in some trait among individuals within a group that is attributable to genetic differences.

Theorists within the psychodynamic tradition would agree that:

Early philosophers suggested that human personality is based on:

When childrearing methods are studied, researchers have found that:

_______________ is a fundamental personality dimension that describes the extent to which people are outgoing or shy.

According to Sigmund Freud, _______________ is the stage of psychosexual development that is present during the first year of life.

A person's personality can affect the way they perceive an experience. Conversely, different experiences can change the way a person's perceptions take place. This is an example of which concept?

According to Sigmund Freud, which of the following occurs in the phallic stage?

_______________, one of the oldest theories of personality, was very influential and still appeals to some psychologists today.

The Barnum effect occurs when:

Male aggression is likely high in a culture:

What Is Psychology

How Psychologists Do Research

Genes, Evolution, and Environment

The Brain and Nervous System

Body Rhythms and Mental States

Sensation and Perception

Learning and Conditioning

Behaviour in Social and Cultural Context

Thinking and Intelligence

Memory

Emotion, Stress, and Health

Motivation

Development Over the Life Span

Psychological Disorders

Approaches to Treatment and Therapy

Filters