Question 1

The abbreviation for nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide is _______.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The abbreviation for nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide is...

Question 2

The function of NAD+ is to

Accepted Answer

A)  cause the release of energy to adjacent cells when energy is needed in aerobic conditions. 
B)  hasten the release of energy when the cell has been deprived of oxygen. 
C)  carry hydrogen atoms and free energy from compounds being oxidized,and to give hydrogen atoms and free energy to compounds being reduced. 
D)  block the release of energy to adjacent cells. 
E)  convert the potential energy of the proton gradient into the chemical energy in ATP. 
A)  cause the release of energy to adjacent cells when energy is needed in aerobic conditions. 
B)  hasten the release of energy when the cell has been deprived of oxygen. 
C)  carry hydrogen atoms and free energy from compounds being oxidized,and to give hydrogen atoms and free energy to compounds being reduced. 
D)  block the release of energy to adjacent cells. 
E)  convert the potential energy of the proton gradient into the chemical energy in ATP.

Question 3

In cyclic electron transport by photosystem I,chlorophyll is reduced by

Accepted Answer

A)  NADPH. 
B)  a chemiosmotic mechanism. 
C)  electrons transferred from an electron transport carrier. 
D)  ATP. 
E)  hydrogen ions liberated by the splitting of a water molecule. 
A)  NADPH. 
B)  a chemiosmotic mechanism. 
C)  electrons transferred from an electron transport carrier. 
D)  ATP. 
E)  hydrogen ions liberated by the splitting of a water molecule.

Question 4

The oxidizing agent at the end of the electron transport chain is

Accepted Answer

A)  O2. 
B)  NAD+. 
C)  ATP. 
D)  FAD. 
E)  ubiquinone. 
A)  O2. 
B)  NAD+. 
C)  ATP. 
D)  FAD. 
E)  ubiquinone.

Question 5

When ADP gains a phosphate to form ATP,

Accepted Answer

A)  free energy is released by the loss of a phosphate. 
B)  energy is consumed. 
C)  the reaction ends. 
D)  chemical energy is converted to light energy. 
E)  ribose loses an oxygen to become deoxyribose. 
A)  free energy is released by the loss of a phosphate. 
B)  energy is consumed. 
C)  the reaction ends. 
D)  chemical energy is converted to light energy. 
E)  ribose loses an oxygen to become deoxyribose.

Question 6

The energy difference between an electron excited by a photon and the electron in its ground state is _______ of the photon.

Accepted Answer

A)  equal to the energy 
B)  related to the wavelength 
C)  less than the energy 
D)  greater than the energy 
E)  Both a and b 
A)  equal to the energy 
B)  related to the wavelength 
C)  less than the energy 
D)  greater than the energy 
E)  Both a and b

Question 7

Which statement about photosynthesis is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  The water for photosynthesis in land plants comes primarily from the soil. 
B)  The accumulation of atmospheric O2 as a result of photosynthesis by ancient microorganisms set the stage for the evolution of oxidative phosphorylation. 
C)  Light is necessary for the production of O2 and carbohydrates. 
D)  Photosynthesis is the reverse of cellular respiration. 
E)  All the O2 gas produced during photosynthesis comes from water. 
A)  The water for photosynthesis in land plants comes primarily from the soil. 
B)  The accumulation of atmospheric O2 as a result of photosynthesis by ancient microorganisms set the stage for the evolution of oxidative phosphorylation. 
C)  Light is necessary for the production of O2 and carbohydrates. 
D)  Photosynthesis is the reverse of cellular respiration. 
E)  All the O2 gas produced during photosynthesis comes from water.

Question 8

Which statement about light is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  An absorption spectrum is a plot of biological effectiveness versus wavelength. 
B)  An absorption spectrum may be a good means of identifying a pigment. 
C)  Light need not be absorbed to produce a biological effect. 
D)  A given kind of molecule can occupy any energy level. 
E)  A pigment loses energy as it absorbs a photon. 
A)  An absorption spectrum is a plot of biological effectiveness versus wavelength. 
B)  An absorption spectrum may be a good means of identifying a pigment. 
C)  Light need not be absorbed to produce a biological effect. 
D)  A given kind of molecule can occupy any energy level. 
E)  A pigment loses energy as it absorbs a photon.

Question 9

Most ATP produced in our bodies is made

Accepted Answer

A)  by glycolysis. 
B)  in the citric acid cycle. 
C)  using ATP synthase. 
D)  from photosynthesis. 
E)  by burning fat. 
A)  by glycolysis. 
B)  in the citric acid cycle. 
C)  using ATP synthase. 
D)  from photosynthesis. 
E)  by burning fat.

Question 10

A range of energy that cannot be seen by human eyes but has slightly more energy per photon than visible light is known as _______ radiation.

Accepted Answer

A)  adaptive 
B)  solar 
C)  gamma 
D)  ultraviolet 
E)  absorbed 
A)  adaptive 
B)  solar 
C)  gamma 
D)  ultraviolet 
E)  absorbed

Question 11

If a cell is labeled with 18O (an isotope of O2),most of the isotope will be detected in the _______ of the cell.

Accepted Answer

A)  nucleus 
B)  chloroplast 
C)  endoplasmic reticulum 
D)  mitochondrion 
E)  cytosol 
A)  nucleus 
B)  chloroplast 
C)  endoplasmic reticulum 
D)  mitochondrion 
E)  cytosol

Question 12

The oxidation of malate to oxaloacetate is coupled to the reduction of the coenzyme NAD+ to NADH + H+.NAD+ is a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)  reducing agent. 
B)  oxidizing agent. 
C)  vitamin. 
D)  phosphate ester. 
E)  phosphorylating agent. 
A)  reducing agent. 
B)  oxidizing agent. 
C)  vitamin. 
D)  phosphate ester. 
E)  phosphorylating agent.

Question 13

What is the difference between chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b?

Accepted Answer

A)  Chlorophyll a has a complex ring structure,whereas chlorophyll b has a linear structure. 
B)  Chlorophyll a has a magnesium atom at its center,whereas chlorophyll b has a phosphate group at its center. 
C)  Chlorophyll a has a methyl group,whereas chlorophyll b has an aldehyde group. 
D)  A hydrocarbon tail is found only in chlorophyll a. 
E)  Chlorophyll a fluoresces,whereas chlorophyll b passes the absorbed energy to another molecule. 
A)  Chlorophyll a has a complex ring structure,whereas chlorophyll b has a linear structure. 
B)  Chlorophyll a has a magnesium atom at its center,whereas chlorophyll b has a phosphate group at its center. 
C)  Chlorophyll a has a methyl group,whereas chlorophyll b has an aldehyde group. 
D)  A hydrocarbon tail is found only in chlorophyll a. 
E)  Chlorophyll a fluoresces,whereas chlorophyll b passes the absorbed energy to another molecule.

Question 14

In human muscle cells,the fermentation process produces

Accepted Answer

A)  lactic acid. 
B)  12 moles of ATP. 
C)  pyruvic acid. 
D)  more energy than is needed by the muscles to perform their functions. 
E)  ethanol. 
A)  lactic acid. 
B)  12 moles of ATP. 
C)  pyruvic acid. 
D)  more energy than is needed by the muscles to perform their functions. 
E)  ethanol.

Question 15

When a molecule loses hydrogen atoms (as opposed to hydrogen ions),it becomes

Accepted Answer

A)  reduced. 
B)  oxidized. 
C)  redoxed. 
D)  hydrogenated. 
E)  hydrolyzed. 
A)  reduced. 
B)  oxidized. 
C)  redoxed. 
D)  hydrogenated. 
E)  hydrolyzed.

Question 16

The wavelength of X rays is shorter than the wavelength of infrared rays.Which of the following is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  X rays have more energy per unit than infrared rays have. 
B)  X rays have a smaller value for Planck's constant than infrared waves have. 
C)  X rays have a different absorption spectrum than infrared waves have. 
D)  X rays and infrared waves have the same frequency. 
E)  Infrared waves are in the ground state,whereas X rays are in the excited state. 
A)  X rays have more energy per unit than infrared rays have. 
B)  X rays have a smaller value for Planck's constant than infrared waves have. 
C)  X rays have a different absorption spectrum than infrared waves have. 
D)  X rays and infrared waves have the same frequency. 
E)  Infrared waves are in the ground state,whereas X rays are in the excited state.

Question 17

In the conversion of succinate to fumarate,hydrogen atoms are transferred to FAD.The conversion of succinate and FAD to fumarate and FADH2 is an example of

Accepted Answer

A)  hydrolysis. 
B)  an allosteric reaction. 
C)  a metabolic pathway. 
D)  an aerobic reaction. 
E)  a redox reaction. 
A)  hydrolysis. 
B)  an allosteric reaction. 
C)  a metabolic pathway. 
D)  an aerobic reaction. 
E)  a redox reaction.

Question 18

Animals inhale air containing oxygen and exhale air with less oxygen and more carbon dioxide.After inhalation,the oxygen missing from the air will mostly be found in

Accepted Answer

A)  the carbon dioxide that is exhaled. 
B)  water. 
C)  organic molecules. 
D)  ethanol. 
E)  lactate. 
A)  the carbon dioxide that is exhaled. 
B)  water. 
C)  organic molecules. 
D)  ethanol. 
E)  lactate.

Question 19

Heterotrophs are dependent on autotrophs for their food supply.Autotrophs can make their own food by

Accepted Answer

A)  feeding on bacteria and converting the nutrients into usable energy. 
B)  synthesizing it from water and CO2. 
C)  using light and simple chemicals to make reduced carbon compounds. 
D)  consuming and metabolizing plant matter. 
E)  Both a and b 
A)  feeding on bacteria and converting the nutrients into usable energy. 
B)  synthesizing it from water and CO2. 
C)  using light and simple chemicals to make reduced carbon compounds. 
D)  consuming and metabolizing plant matter. 
E)  Both a and b

Question 20

In noncyclic photophosphorylation,electrons from _______ replenish chlorophyll molecules that have given up electrons.

Accepted Answer

A)  CO2 
B)  water 
C)  NADPH + H+ 
D)  O2 gas 
E)  carbohydrates 
A)  CO2 
B)  water 
C)  NADPH + H+ 
D)  O2 gas 
E)  carbohydrates

Exam 6: Pathways That Harvest and Store Chemical Energy

The abbreviation for nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide is _______.

The function of NAD+ is to

In cyclic electron transport by photosystem I,chlorophyll is reduced by

The oxidizing agent at the end of the electron transport chain is

When ADP gains a phosphate to form ATP,

The energy difference between an electron excited by a photon and the electron in its ground state is _______ of the photon.

Which statement about photosynthesis is false?

Which statement about light is true?

Most ATP produced in our bodies is made

A range of energy that cannot be seen by human eyes but has slightly more energy per photon than visible light is known as _______ radiation.

If a cell is labeled with 18O (an isotope of O2),most of the isotope will be detected in the _______ of the cell.

The oxidation of malate to oxaloacetate is coupled to the reduction of the coenzyme NAD+ to NADH + H+.NAD+ is a(n)

What is the difference between chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b?

In human muscle cells,the fermentation process produces

When a molecule loses hydrogen atoms (as opposed to hydrogen ions),it becomes

The wavelength of X rays is shorter than the wavelength of infrared rays.Which of the following is true?

In the conversion of succinate to fumarate,hydrogen atoms are transferred to FAD.The conversion of succinate and FAD to fumarate and FADH2 is an example of

Animals inhale air containing oxygen and exhale air with less oxygen and more carbon dioxide.After inhalation,the oxygen missing from the air will mostly be found in

Heterotrophs are dependent on autotrophs for their food supply.Autotrophs can make their own food by

In noncyclic photophosphorylation,electrons from _______ replenish chlorophyll molecules that have given up electrons.

Introduction

The Chemistry and Energy of Life

Nucleic Acids, Proteins, and Enzymes

Cells: the Working Units of Life

Cell Membranes and Signaling

The Cell Cycle and Cell Division

Inheritance, Genes, and Chromosomes

DNA and Its Role in Heredity

From Dna to Protein: Gene Expression

Regulation of Gene Expression

Genomes

Biotechnology

Genes, Development, and Evolution

Processes of Evolution

Reconstructing and Using Phylogenies

Speciation

The History of Life on Earth

Bacteria, Archaea, and Viruses

The Origin and Diversification of Eukaryotes

The Evolution of Plants

The Evolution and Diversity of Fungi

Animal Origins and Diversity

The Plant Body

Plant Nutrition and Transport

Plant Growth and Development

Reproduction of Flowering Plants

Plants in the Environment

Fundamentals of Animal Function

Nutrition and Digestion

Breathing

Circulation

Muscle and Movement

Neurons, Sense Organs, and Nervous Systems

Nervous and Endocrine Control

Water and Salts: Excretion

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Immunology: Animal Defense Systems

Animal Behavior

The Distribution of Earths Ecological Systems

Populations

Ecological and Evolutionary Consequences of Interactions Within and Among Species

Ecological Communities

The Global Ecosystem

Filters

The function of NAD⁺ is to

If a cell is labeled with ¹⁸O (an isotope of O₂),most of the isotope will be detected in the _______ of the cell.

The oxidation of malate to oxaloacetate is coupled to the reduction of the coenzyme NAD⁺ to NADH + H⁺.NAD⁺ is a(n)

In the conversion of succinate to fumarate,hydrogen atoms are transferred to FAD.The conversion of succinate and FAD to fumarate and FADH₂ is an example of