Question 1

Decomposed plant litter produces a dark-colored organic material called _______.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Decomposed plant litter produces a dark-colored organic...

Question 2

The capture and digestion of arthropods allows carnivorous plants to

Accepted Answer

A)  pollinate their flowers. 
B)  overcome insect parasitism. 
C)  disperse their fruits. 
D)  absorb otherwise unavailable nutrients. 
E)  neutralize acidic soils. 
A)  pollinate their flowers. 
B)  overcome insect parasitism. 
C)  disperse their fruits. 
D)  absorb otherwise unavailable nutrients. 
E)  neutralize acidic soils.

Question 3

Some essential elements that occur as positive ions in soils may be traded with H+ ions in soil solutions by the process of _______.

Accepted Answer

Question 4

Macronutrients

Accepted Answer

A)  are so called because they are more essential than micronutrients. 
B)  include manganese,boron,and zinc,among others. 
C)  function as catalysts. 
D)  are required in concentrations of at least 1 gram per kilogram of plant dry matter. 
E)  are obtained by the process of photosynthesis. 
A)  are so called because they are more essential than micronutrients. 
B)  include manganese,boron,and zinc,among others. 
C)  function as catalysts. 
D)  are required in concentrations of at least 1 gram per kilogram of plant dry matter. 
E)  are obtained by the process of photosynthesis.

Question 5

Which of the following represents the correct size ordering of these three mineral particles of the soil,from smallest to largest?

Accepted Answer

A)  Clay $\rightarrow$  silt $\rightarrow$  sand 
B)  Sand $\rightarrow$  clay $\rightarrow$  humus 
C)  Sand $\rightarrow$ silt $\rightarrow$  clay 
D)  Humus $\rightarrow$  silt $\rightarrow$  sand 
E)  Silt $\rightarrow$  sand $\rightarrow$ loam 
A)  Clay $\rightarrow$  silt $\rightarrow$  sand 
B)  Sand $\rightarrow$  clay $\rightarrow$  humus 
C)  Sand $\rightarrow$ silt $\rightarrow$  clay 
D)  Humus $\rightarrow$  silt $\rightarrow$  sand 
E)  Silt $\rightarrow$  sand $\rightarrow$ loam

Question 6

The tendency for a solution of water and solutes to take up water across a selectively permeable membrane is called

Accepted Answer

A)  osmosis. 
B)  diffusion. 
C)  pressure potential. 
D)  turgor pressure. 
E)  water potential. 
A)  osmosis. 
B)  diffusion. 
C)  pressure potential. 
D)  turgor pressure. 
E)  water potential.

Question 7

The uptake of ions in plant cells is influenced by the

Accepted Answer

A)  electrical gradient. 
B)  concentration gradient. 
C)  ionic balance. 
D)  pumping of H+. 
E)  All of the above 
A)  electrical gradient. 
B)  concentration gradient. 
C)  ionic balance. 
D)  pumping of H+. 
E)  All of the above

Question 8

The nitrogen-fixing form of rhizobia that can be found inside the roots of a legume are known as

Accepted Answer

A)  endospores. 
B)  cyanobacteria. 
C)  bacteroids. 
D)  heterocysts. 
E)  strigolactones. 
A)  endospores. 
B)  cyanobacteria. 
C)  bacteroids. 
D)  heterocysts. 
E)  strigolactones.

Question 9

Which mineral is most likely deficient in a tomato plant whose growth is stunted?

Accepted Answer

A)  Calcium 
B)  Iron 
C)  Magnesium 
D)  Nitrogen 
E)  Phosphorus 
A)  Calcium 
B)  Iron 
C)  Magnesium 
D)  Nitrogen 
E)  Phosphorus

Question 10

The movement of photosynthate into the phloem is called

Accepted Answer

A)  entering. 
B)  placing. 
C)  loading. 
D)  removal. 
E)  placement. 
A)  entering. 
B)  placing. 
C)  loading. 
D)  removal. 
E)  placement.

Question 11

If a soil has both a high clay content and is rich in nutrients,the roots of plants growing there will likely

Accepted Answer

A)  benefit from the ability of clay to hold water and nutrients. 
B)  have difficulty accessing water but not nutrients. 
C)  be unable to benefit from available water and nutrients because of lack of air. 
D)  be deprived of water and the nutrients that bind tightly to clay particles. 
E)  take up water easily but experience nutrient shortages. 
A)  benefit from the ability of clay to hold water and nutrients. 
B)  have difficulty accessing water but not nutrients. 
C)  be unable to benefit from available water and nutrients because of lack of air. 
D)  be deprived of water and the nutrients that bind tightly to clay particles. 
E)  take up water easily but experience nutrient shortages.

Question 12

Magnesium ions may be traded with _______ ions in soil solutions by the process of cation exchange.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Magnesium ions may be traded with _______...

Question 13

Active transport of minerals into root cells requires energy and is necessary when

Accepted Answer

A)  there is inadequate soil water to dissolve the minerals. 
B)  the water potential of the root cells is zero. 
C)  the water potential of the soil is lower than that of the root cells. 
D)  the concentration and charge of essential minerals in the soil make diffusion impossible. 
E)  All of the above 
A)  there is inadequate soil water to dissolve the minerals. 
B)  the water potential of the root cells is zero. 
C)  the water potential of the soil is lower than that of the root cells. 
D)  the concentration and charge of essential minerals in the soil make diffusion impossible. 
E)  All of the above

Question 14

Nitrogen fixation is

Accepted Answer

A)  performed only by plants. 
B)  the oxidation of nitrogen gas. 
C)  catalyzed by the enzyme nitrogenase. 
D)  a single-step chemical reaction. 
E)  possible because N2 is a highly reactive substance. 
A)  performed only by plants. 
B)  the oxidation of nitrogen gas. 
C)  catalyzed by the enzyme nitrogenase. 
D)  a single-step chemical reaction. 
E)  possible because N2 is a highly reactive substance.

Question 15

If the soil around a tall tree is heavily contaminated by salt,the tree will likely

Accepted Answer

A)  continue to grow just as it had before the salt contamination. 
B)  become stronger because of the increase of minerals in the soil. 
C)  require less water to maintain a water potential gradient. 
D)  die because the soil water potential will be lower than that of the roots. 
E)  create more xylem to accommodate the extra mineral load. 
A)  continue to grow just as it had before the salt contamination. 
B)  become stronger because of the increase of minerals in the soil. 
C)  require less water to maintain a water potential gradient. 
D)  die because the soil water potential will be lower than that of the roots. 
E)  create more xylem to accommodate the extra mineral load.

Question 16

The ionization of carbonic acid

Accepted Answer

A)  increases the amount of soil carbon available to plants. 
B)  raises the pH of soil. 
C)  reduces the leaching of phosphates and nitrates from soil. 
D)  causes it to evaporate from the A horizon of soil. 
E)  triggers the release of positively charged mineral ions from clay. 
A)  increases the amount of soil carbon available to plants. 
B)  raises the pH of soil. 
C)  reduces the leaching of phosphates and nitrates from soil. 
D)  causes it to evaporate from the A horizon of soil. 
E)  triggers the release of positively charged mineral ions from clay.

Question 17

Water potential

Accepted Answer

A)  is the difference between the solute potential and the pressure potential. 
B)  is analogous to the air pressure in an automobile tire. 
C)  is the movement of water through a membrane. 
D)  determines the direction of water movement between cells. 
E)  is defined as 1.0 MPa for pure water under no applied pressure. 
A)  is the difference between the solute potential and the pressure potential. 
B)  is analogous to the air pressure in an automobile tire. 
C)  is the movement of water through a membrane. 
D)  determines the direction of water movement between cells. 
E)  is defined as 1.0 MPa for pure water under no applied pressure.

Question 18

Which process contributes the most to generating the negative water potential in a leaf?

Accepted Answer

A)  The pressure placed on the leaf by the cuticle 
B)  The evaporation of water from mesophyll cells 
C)  The movement of water into the leaf by root pressure 
D)  The increased K+ pumped out of guard cells 
E)  The movement of water from the veins into the leaf 
A)  The pressure placed on the leaf by the cuticle 
B)  The evaporation of water from mesophyll cells 
C)  The movement of water into the leaf by root pressure 
D)  The increased K+ pumped out of guard cells 
E)  The movement of water from the veins into the leaf

Question 19

Solute potential and pressure potential are the two components of

Accepted Answer

A)  concentration. 
B)  turgor pressure. 
C)  osmotic pressure. 
D)  water potential. 
E)  None of the above 
A)  concentration. 
B)  turgor pressure. 
C)  osmotic pressure. 
D)  water potential. 
E)  None of the above

Question 20

Which mineral is a constituent of both proteins and nucleic acids?

Accepted Answer

A)  Magnesium 
B)  Nitrogen 
C)  Phosphorus 
D)  Potassium 
E)  Iron 
A)  Magnesium 
B)  Nitrogen 
C)  Phosphorus 
D)  Potassium 
E)  Iron

Exam 25: Plant Nutrition and Transport

Decomposed plant litter produces a dark-colored organic material called _______.

The capture and digestion of arthropods allows carnivorous plants to

Some essential elements that occur as positive ions in soils may be traded with H+ ions in soil solutions by the process of _______.

Macronutrients

Which of the following represents the correct size ordering of these three mineral particles of the soil,from smallest to largest?

The tendency for a solution of water and solutes to take up water across a selectively permeable membrane is called

The uptake of ions in plant cells is influenced by the

The nitrogen-fixing form of rhizobia that can be found inside the roots of a legume are known as

Which mineral is most likely deficient in a tomato plant whose growth is stunted?

The movement of photosynthate into the phloem is called

If a soil has both a high clay content and is rich in nutrients,the roots of plants growing there will likely

Magnesium ions may be traded with _______ ions in soil solutions by the process of cation exchange.

Active transport of minerals into root cells requires energy and is necessary when

Nitrogen fixation is

If the soil around a tall tree is heavily contaminated by salt,the tree will likely

The ionization of carbonic acid

Water potential

Which process contributes the most to generating the negative water potential in a leaf?

Solute potential and pressure potential are the two components of

Which mineral is a constituent of both proteins and nucleic acids?

Introduction

The Chemistry and Energy of Life

Nucleic Acids, Proteins, and Enzymes

Cells: the Working Units of Life

Cell Membranes and Signaling

Pathways That Harvest and Store Chemical Energy

The Cell Cycle and Cell Division

Inheritance, Genes, and Chromosomes

DNA and Its Role in Heredity

From Dna to Protein: Gene Expression

Regulation of Gene Expression

Genomes

Biotechnology

Genes, Development, and Evolution

Processes of Evolution

Reconstructing and Using Phylogenies

Speciation

The History of Life on Earth

Bacteria, Archaea, and Viruses

The Origin and Diversification of Eukaryotes

The Evolution of Plants

The Evolution and Diversity of Fungi

Animal Origins and Diversity

The Plant Body

Plant Growth and Development

Reproduction of Flowering Plants

Plants in the Environment

Fundamentals of Animal Function

Nutrition and Digestion

Breathing

Circulation

Muscle and Movement

Neurons, Sense Organs, and Nervous Systems

Nervous and Endocrine Control

Water and Salts: Excretion

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Immunology: Animal Defense Systems

Animal Behavior

The Distribution of Earths Ecological Systems

Populations

Ecological and Evolutionary Consequences of Interactions Within and Among Species

Ecological Communities

The Global Ecosystem

Filters

Some essential elements that occur as positive ions in soils may be traded with H⁺ ions in soil solutions by the process of _______.