Question 1

One of the defining characteristics of an essential element is that it

Accepted Answer

A)  is necessary only for early growth of the seedling in plants. 
B)  can be replaced by another element. 
C)  is usually necessary for a plant's survival. 
D)  functions by relieving the toxicity of another element. 
E)  is found in relatively high concentrations in the environment. 
A)  is necessary only for early growth of the seedling in plants. 
B)  can be replaced by another element. 
C)  is usually necessary for a plant's survival. 
D)  functions by relieving the toxicity of another element. 
E)  is found in relatively high concentrations in the environment.

Question 2

Which statement about proton pumping across the cell membrane of plants is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  It requires ATP. 
B)  The region inside the membrane becomes positively charged with respect to the region outside. 
C)  It enhances the movement of K+ ions into the cell. 
D)  It pushes protons out of the cell against a proton concentration gradient. 
E)  It can drive the secondary active transport of negatively charged ions. 
A)  It requires ATP. 
B)  The region inside the membrane becomes positively charged with respect to the region outside. 
C)  It enhances the movement of K+ ions into the cell. 
D)  It pushes protons out of the cell against a proton concentration gradient. 
E)  It can drive the secondary active transport of negatively charged ions.

Question 3

Which is not essential to the process of biological nitrogen fixation in soybean (legume)nodules?

Accepted Answer

A)  N2 gas 
B)  O2 gas 
C)  A strong reducing agent 
D)  A great deal of energy 
E)  The enzyme nitrogenase 
A)  N2 gas 
B)  O2 gas 
C)  A strong reducing agent 
D)  A great deal of energy 
E)  The enzyme nitrogenase

Question 4

One example of a reduced form of a nutrient is the _______ in _______.

Accepted Answer

A)  carbon;CO2 
B)  hydrogen;water 
C)  phosphorus;phosphate 
D)  nitrogen;ammonia 
E)  sulfur;sulfate 
A)  carbon;CO2 
B)  hydrogen;water 
C)  phosphorus;phosphate 
D)  nitrogen;ammonia 
E)  sulfur;sulfate

Question 5

The enzyme nitrogenase

Accepted Answer

A)  allows normally unavailable atmospheric nitrogen to be reduced to available ammonia. 
B)  is responsible for oxidizing atmospheric nitrogen. 
C)  attacks the double bond in atmospheric nitrogen gas. 
D)  is naturally found in most plants. 
E)  allows plants to access atmospheric nitrogen directly. 
A)  allows normally unavailable atmospheric nitrogen to be reduced to available ammonia. 
B)  is responsible for oxidizing atmospheric nitrogen. 
C)  attacks the double bond in atmospheric nitrogen gas. 
D)  is naturally found in most plants. 
E)  allows plants to access atmospheric nitrogen directly.

Question 6

Which statement about aquaporins is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  They are necessary to protect cells from toxins. 
B)  They are directly involved in mineral transport. 
C)  They facilitate water flow through cell membranes. 
D)  They prevent too much water from traveling between cells. 
E)  They contain transport proteins. 
A)  They are necessary to protect cells from toxins. 
B)  They are directly involved in mineral transport. 
C)  They facilitate water flow through cell membranes. 
D)  They prevent too much water from traveling between cells. 
E)  They contain transport proteins.

Question 7

Cell walls impregnated with water-repellent suberin are found in the cells of

Accepted Answer

A)  root hairs. 
B)  the cortex. 
C)  tracheids. 
D)  the pericycle. 
E)  the endodermis. 
A)  root hairs. 
B)  the cortex. 
C)  tracheids. 
D)  the pericycle. 
E)  the endodermis.

Question 8

Nodules that are actively fixing nitrogen are pink,demonstrating the presence of

Accepted Answer

A)  nitrogen. 
B)  chlorophyll. 
C)  leghemoglobin. 
D)  nitrogenase. 
E)  CO2. 
A)  nitrogen. 
B)  chlorophyll. 
C)  leghemoglobin. 
D)  nitrogenase. 
E)  CO2.

Question 9

If you were going to try to get non-legumes to nodulate for the nutritional benefit of the plants,which part of the plants would you work on modifying?

Accepted Answer

A)  Roots 
B)  Stems 
C)  Leaves 
D)  Flowers 
E)  Petioles 
A)  Roots 
B)  Stems 
C)  Leaves 
D)  Flowers 
E)  Petioles

Question 10

Which of the following represents,in correct order,the steps taken by a sucrose molecule as it travels in the phloem?

Accepted Answer

A)  Source companion cell $\rightarrow$  phloem $\rightarrow$  sink companion cell $\rightarrow$  sink $\rightarrow$  mesophyll 
B)  Mesophyll $\rightarrow$ phloem $\rightarrow$ sink companion cell $\rightarrow$  sink$\rightarrow$ source companion cell 
C)  Mesophyll $\rightarrow$  source companion cell $\rightarrow$  phloem $\rightarrow$ sink companion cell$\rightarrow$ sink 
D)  Phloem $\rightarrow$ sink companion cell $\rightarrow$  sink $\rightarrow$  mesophyll$\rightarrow$ source companion cell 
E)  Sink companion cell $\rightarrow$  sink $\rightarrow$ mesophyll $\rightarrow$  source companion cell $\rightarrow$  phloem 
A)  Source companion cell $\rightarrow$  phloem $\rightarrow$  sink companion cell $\rightarrow$  sink $\rightarrow$  mesophyll 
B)  Mesophyll $\rightarrow$ phloem $\rightarrow$ sink companion cell $\rightarrow$  sink$\rightarrow$ source companion cell 
C)  Mesophyll $\rightarrow$  source companion cell $\rightarrow$  phloem $\rightarrow$ sink companion cell$\rightarrow$ sink 
D)  Phloem $\rightarrow$ sink companion cell $\rightarrow$  sink $\rightarrow$  mesophyll$\rightarrow$ source companion cell 
E)  Sink companion cell $\rightarrow$  sink $\rightarrow$ mesophyll $\rightarrow$  source companion cell $\rightarrow$  phloem

Question 11

Cells in the leaf release abscisic acid in response to

Accepted Answer

A)  an excessively negative water potential. 
B)  a reduction in CO2. 
C)  the reduction in light at night. 
D)  an increase of Cl- in the guard cells. 
E)  an increase in K+ in the guard cells. 
A)  an excessively negative water potential. 
B)  a reduction in CO2. 
C)  the reduction in light at night. 
D)  an increase of Cl- in the guard cells. 
E)  an increase in K+ in the guard cells.

Question 12

When sugars are actively transported into the source end of a sieve tube,turgor pressure at that end

Accepted Answer

A)  does not change,because sugar concentration has no effect on turgor pressure. 
B)  increases,because sugar concentration directly affects turgor pressure. 
C)  increases because water enters,creating a pressure gradient along the sieve tube. 
D)  decreases,because water exits. 
E)  decreases,because sugar concentration directly affects turgor pressure. 
A)  does not change,because sugar concentration has no effect on turgor pressure. 
B)  increases,because sugar concentration directly affects turgor pressure. 
C)  increases because water enters,creating a pressure gradient along the sieve tube. 
D)  decreases,because water exits. 
E)  decreases,because sugar concentration directly affects turgor pressure.

Question 13

Which three elements are most commonly added to agricultural soils as fertilizers?

Accepted Answer

A)  Nitrogen,phosphorus,and iron 
B)  Nitrogen,potassium,and magnesium 
C)  Potassium,sulfur,and iron 
D)  Nitrogen,potassium,and phosphorus 
E)  Nitrogen,sulfur,and calcium 
A)  Nitrogen,phosphorus,and iron 
B)  Nitrogen,potassium,and magnesium 
C)  Potassium,sulfur,and iron 
D)  Nitrogen,potassium,and phosphorus 
E)  Nitrogen,sulfur,and calcium

Question 14

A semi-fossilized sample of plant tissue from an archaeological site contains long tubes of connected cells with secondary cell walls.They show signs of having been dead before the overall death of the plant from which they came.These are probably

Accepted Answer

A)  companion cells. 
B)  sieve tubes. 
C)  phloem members. 
D)  pericycle cells. 
E)  xylem vessels. 
A)  companion cells. 
B)  sieve tubes. 
C)  phloem members. 
D)  pericycle cells. 
E)  xylem vessels.

Question 15

Which statement about the movement of potassium ions during stomatal opening is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  K+ enters guard cells,water follows,and the cells become turgid. 
B)  K+ leaves guard cells and they become less turgid. 
C)  K+ enters guard cells and they become less turgid. 
D)  K+ leaves guard cells and they become turgid. 
E)  K+ reaches equilibrium in guard cells and their surroundings. 
A)  K+ enters guard cells,water follows,and the cells become turgid. 
B)  K+ leaves guard cells and they become less turgid. 
C)  K+ enters guard cells and they become less turgid. 
D)  K+ leaves guard cells and they become turgid. 
E)  K+ reaches equilibrium in guard cells and their surroundings.

Question 16

The plant cells that lose large amounts of water most directly and thus generate the low water potential that pulls water up from the roots are the _______ cells.

Accepted Answer

A)  mesophyll 
B)  guard 
C)  root hair 
D)  epidermal 
E)  xylem 
A)  mesophyll 
B)  guard 
C)  root hair 
D)  epidermal 
E)  xylem

Question 17

According to the pressure flow model,during fruit development,photosynthesizing leaves are the carbohydrate _______ and the fruit are the _______.

Accepted Answer

A)  sinks;sinks 
B)  sinks;sources 
C)  sources;source 
D)  sources;sinks 
E)  sources;sources or sinks 
A)  sinks;sinks 
B)  sinks;sources 
C)  sources;source 
D)  sources;sinks 
E)  sources;sources or sinks

Question 18

A botanist is curious about the contents of the phloem in a newly discovered relative of limes.The best way to obtain this information would be to

Accepted Answer

A)  use tiny drills and capillary pipettes. 
B)  collect material from stylets of aphids that are infecting the tree. 
C)  obtain liquids oozing from cut lime stem surfaces. 
D)  collect droplets formed by guttation. 
E)  gather the tree's mycorrhizal fungi for subsequent analysis. 
A)  use tiny drills and capillary pipettes. 
B)  collect material from stylets of aphids that are infecting the tree. 
C)  obtain liquids oozing from cut lime stem surfaces. 
D)  collect droplets formed by guttation. 
E)  gather the tree's mycorrhizal fungi for subsequent analysis.

Question 19

One advantage to using inorganic fertilizers (as opposed to organic fertilizers)is that

Accepted Answer

A)  they improve the physical properties of the soil. 
B)  they can be taken up almost instantaneously. 
C)  their quality is better than that of organic fertilizers. 
D)  they contain minerals in their proper ionic form. 
E)  None of the above 
A)  they improve the physical properties of the soil. 
B)  they can be taken up almost instantaneously. 
C)  their quality is better than that of organic fertilizers. 
D)  they contain minerals in their proper ionic form. 
E)  None of the above

Question 20

When sugars are actively transported out of the sink end of a sieve tube,water

Accepted Answer

A)  flows back into the xylem,also by active transport. 
B)  flows back into the xylem by facilitated diffusion. 
C)  flows back into the xylem by osmosis. 
D)  passively follows the sugars. 
E)  is actively transported out of the sink end along with the sugars. 
A)  flows back into the xylem,also by active transport. 
B)  flows back into the xylem by facilitated diffusion. 
C)  flows back into the xylem by osmosis. 
D)  passively follows the sugars. 
E)  is actively transported out of the sink end along with the sugars.

Exam 25: Plant Nutrition and Transport

One of the defining characteristics of an essential element is that it

Which statement about proton pumping across the cell membrane of plants is false?

Which is not essential to the process of biological nitrogen fixation in soybean (legume)nodules?

One example of a reduced form of a nutrient is the _______ in _______.

The enzyme nitrogenase

Which statement about aquaporins is true?

Cell walls impregnated with water-repellent suberin are found in the cells of

Nodules that are actively fixing nitrogen are pink,demonstrating the presence of

If you were going to try to get non-legumes to nodulate for the nutritional benefit of the plants,which part of the plants would you work on modifying?

Which of the following represents,in correct order,the steps taken by a sucrose molecule as it travels in the phloem?

Cells in the leaf release abscisic acid in response to

When sugars are actively transported into the source end of a sieve tube,turgor pressure at that end

Which three elements are most commonly added to agricultural soils as fertilizers?

A semi-fossilized sample of plant tissue from an archaeological site contains long tubes of connected cells with secondary cell walls.They show signs of having been dead before the overall death of the plant from which they came.These are probably

Which statement about the movement of potassium ions during stomatal opening is true?

The plant cells that lose large amounts of water most directly and thus generate the low water potential that pulls water up from the roots are the _______ cells.

According to the pressure flow model,during fruit development,photosynthesizing leaves are the carbohydrate _______ and the fruit are the _______.

A botanist is curious about the contents of the phloem in a newly discovered relative of limes.The best way to obtain this information would be to

One advantage to using inorganic fertilizers (as opposed to organic fertilizers)is that

When sugars are actively transported out of the sink end of a sieve tube,water

Introduction

The Chemistry and Energy of Life

Nucleic Acids, Proteins, and Enzymes

Cells: the Working Units of Life

Cell Membranes and Signaling

Pathways That Harvest and Store Chemical Energy

The Cell Cycle and Cell Division

Inheritance, Genes, and Chromosomes

DNA and Its Role in Heredity

From Dna to Protein: Gene Expression

Regulation of Gene Expression

Genomes

Biotechnology

Genes, Development, and Evolution

Processes of Evolution

Reconstructing and Using Phylogenies

Speciation

The History of Life on Earth

Bacteria, Archaea, and Viruses

The Origin and Diversification of Eukaryotes

The Evolution of Plants

The Evolution and Diversity of Fungi

Animal Origins and Diversity

The Plant Body

Plant Growth and Development

Reproduction of Flowering Plants

Plants in the Environment

Fundamentals of Animal Function

Nutrition and Digestion

Breathing

Circulation

Muscle and Movement

Neurons, Sense Organs, and Nervous Systems

Nervous and Endocrine Control

Water and Salts: Excretion

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Immunology: Animal Defense Systems

Animal Behavior

The Distribution of Earths Ecological Systems

Populations

Ecological and Evolutionary Consequences of Interactions Within and Among Species

Ecological Communities

The Global Ecosystem

Filters

One example of a reduced form of a nutrient is the _ in _.

According to the pressure flow model,during fruit development,photosynthesizing leaves are the carbohydrate _ and the fruit are the _.