Question 1

Which of the following types of conformity pressures induced most of the participants in Stanley Milgram's obedience studies (Milgram,1974)to deliver escalating and life-threatening shocks to an innocent learner?

Accepted Answer

A) informational influence 
B) normative influence 
C) mindless conformity 
D) both informational and normative social influence

Question 2

If an executioner were to be questioned about how he could live with himself after taking someone's life,one likely response (according to the authors of your text)is

Accepted Answer

A) "The guilt is killing me!" 
B) "I love my job; I get to legally hurt people." 
C) "I'm just following orders." 
D) "I am a sociopath anyway."

Question 3

In a conversation before class,you find that you are the only person in your group to favor tuition increases.The other five students with whom you are talking strongly oppose tuition increases.What might you do to persuade them of your point of view? What form of social influence would you rely on?

Accepted Answer

The answer of In a conversation before class,you find that...

Question 4

Emilio is designing an ad aimed at increasing seat belt use.He decides to incorporate slogans like,"It's great to buckle up!" rather than "35 percent of adults do not regularly wear a seat belt." Emilio is using ____ in this ad.

Accepted Answer

A) peripheral cues 
B) injunctive norms 
C) normative social influence 
D) descriptive norms

Question 5

In which of the following cases is conformity due to information social influence least likely to occur?

Accepted Answer

A) A new camper arrives at camp and needs to figure out procedures in the cafeteria. 
B) A person on the street is stumbling and it is not clear if he is hurt or drunk. 
C) A repairman falls off a ladder and breaks his leg while working in the hospital. 
D) An airplane hits major turbulence and it is a few minutes until the captain gets on the speaker to reassure the passengers.

Question 6

When we conform to others' behaviors or attitudes because we believe that their interpretations of an ambiguous situation are more accurate than ours, ____ has occurred.

Accepted Answer

A) educated conformity 
B) normative social influence 
C) unintended social influence 
D) informational social influence

Question 7

Results from a recent fMRI study replicated Asch's line judgment study.The results of the fMRI suggest that when participants judged line lengths and stated a correct answer when the others around them unanimously stated an incorrect answer,the area of the brain that was active was

Accepted Answer

A) the visual cortex,which senses and perceives visual input. 
B) the amygdala,which is associated with negative emotions. 
C) the hippocampus: an area associated with trauma. 
D) the right cingular gyrus: an area associated with pain detection.

Question 8

In a field study by Shultz and his colleagues (2007),several households in a neighborhood received weekly feedback about their level of energy consumption relative to their neighbors.How are these results being applied?

Accepted Answer

A) Neighbors tell each other tips for better energy conservation. 
B) Energy companies send out workers to assess energy consumption. 
C) Some utility companies now put a smiley or sad face on customers' bills. 
D) People are 'paying it forward' and teaching others about energy conservation.

Question 9

What is the relation between idiosyncrasy credits and normative conformity? Provide a concrete example of this relation.

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is the relation between idiosyncrasy credits...

Question 10

The authors of your text describe a series of horrible telephone hoaxes that were done a few years ago in which a caller falsely identified himself as a police officer and had restaurant managers perform unnecessary strip searches and other degrading acts on subordinates.The fact that the managers he called actually did what he instructed them to do illustrates that people very readily

Accepted Answer

A) give up personal freedoms in this post 9/11 world. 
B) follow their stereotypes. 
C) will obey someone they think is in authority. 
D) seek opportunities to exploit those with less power.

Question 11

Recall that participants in a field experiment by Raymond Reno and his colleagues (1993)were more likely to properly dispose of a handbill left on their windshields when they saw a confederate pick up and dispose of a fast food bag.Results of this experiment reveal the power of ____ to reduce littering behaviors.

Accepted Answer

A) descriptive norms 
B) self-awareness 
C) injunctive norms 
D) subjective norms

Question 12

Informational social influence is to ____ as normative social influence is to ____.

Accepted Answer

A) public compliance; private acceptance 
B) private acceptance; public compliance 
C) conversion; private acceptance 
D) conformity; conversion

Question 13

In Japan some teens withdraw from all social interaction.These teens,called hikikomori,are likely to be so withdrawn as a result of

Accepted Answer

A) academic failure. 
B) being from a dishonored family. 
C) being an illegitimate child. 
D) being bullied severely.

Question 14

In a series of studies by Solomon Asch (1951,1956),when participants judged the lengths of lines alone rather than in a group of confederates,their judgments were accurate about 99 percent of the time.Still,when other participants made judgments in a group of people who gave the wrong answers,they reported incorrect judgments.These findings suggest that

Accepted Answer

A) experts exert informational social influence in ambiguous situations. 
B) normative social influence was at work. 
C) informational social influence happens,even in unambiguous situations. 
D) people will distort reality to avoid punishment or social censure.

Question 15

Informational social influence is most likely to play a significant role in which of the following situations?

Accepted Answer

A) members of a jury trying to reach a verdict in a murder trial 
B) family members sitting around the living room trying to guess answers to a TV game show 
C) fraternity members encouraging each other to "chug-a-lug" 
D) two art students viewing a museum exhibit and discussing their preferences for different works

Question 16

Marcia values the opinions and desires of both her parents and her close friends.When she's with her parents,she finds herself agreeing with them.When she's with her friends,she finds herself agreeing with them,even though they sometimes disagree with her parents.This change in Marcia's behavior represents the influence of Bibb Latané's (1981)concept of ____ on normative conformity.

Accepted Answer

A) number 
B) immediacy 
C) pressure 
D) strength

Question 17

Many U.S.troops present at My Lai later reported that they were frightened and confused about whether people in the villages were really enemy soldiers.Others reported that they didn't know whether the rifle fire they heard was from enemy guns or from the guns of fellow troops.Still,frightened and bewildered,many of them began setting fire to hooches and shooting old men,women,and children.This tragic example illustrates that informational influence is most likely to occur when

Accepted Answer

A) authorities model the appropriate behavior. 
B) situations are interpreted as a crisis. 
C) we look to experts for cues. 
D) charismatic leaders provide a new definition of reality.

Question 18

Explain how both informational conformity and normative conformity can contribute to eating disorders in women.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Explain how both informational conformity and normative...

Question 19

Bibb Latané's (1981)social impact theory is useful to social psychologists who study conformity because its tenets

Accepted Answer

A) predict when conformity is adaptive and when it's not. 
B) identify the costs of refusal to conform to norms. 
C) predict characteristics of people most likely to resist conformity pressures. 
D) identify variables that make a source more influential.

Question 20

Research by Baron et al.(1996)on the importance of accuracy indicates that the more important it is for people to be accurate,

Accepted Answer

A) the less likely it is that people will conform,regardless of how clear the correct answer is. 
B) the more likely it is that people will conform,regardless of how clear the correct answer is. 
C) the more people conform if the correct answer is ambiguous and the less people conform if the correct answer is clear . 
D) the more people conform if the correct answer is clear and the less people conform if the correct answer is ambiguous.

Exam 8: Conformity: Influencing Behavior

Which of the following types of conformity pressures induced most of the participants in Stanley Milgram's obedience studies (Milgram,1974) to deliver escalating and life-threatening shocks to an innocent learner?

If an executioner were to be questioned about how he could live with himself after taking someone's life,one likely response (according to the authors of your text) is

In a conversation before class,you find that you are the only person in your group to favor tuition increases.The other five students with whom you are talking strongly oppose tuition increases.What might you do to persuade them of your point of view? What form of social influence would you rely on?

Emilio is designing an ad aimed at increasing seat belt use.He decides to incorporate slogans like,"It's great to buckle up!" rather than "35 percent of adults do not regularly wear a seat belt." Emilio is using ____ in this ad.

In which of the following cases is conformity due to information social influence least likely to occur?

When we conform to others' behaviors or attitudes because we believe that their interpretations of an ambiguous situation are more accurate than ours, ____ has occurred.

Results from a recent fMRI study replicated Asch's line judgment study.The results of the fMRI suggest that when participants judged line lengths and stated a correct answer when the others around them unanimously stated an incorrect answer,the area of the brain that was active was

In a field study by Shultz and his colleagues (2007) ,several households in a neighborhood received weekly feedback about their level of energy consumption relative to their neighbors.How are these results being applied?

What is the relation between idiosyncrasy credits and normative conformity? Provide a concrete example of this relation.

Informational social influence is to as normative social influence is to .

In Japan some teens withdraw from all social interaction.These teens,called hikikomori,are likely to be so withdrawn as a result of

Informational social influence is most likely to play a significant role in which of the following situations?

Explain how both informational conformity and normative conformity can contribute to eating disorders in women.

Bibb Latané's (1981) social impact theory is useful to social psychologists who study conformity because its tenets

Research by Baron et al.(1996) on the importance of accuracy indicates that the more important it is for people to be accurate,