Question 1

Mark is a Democrat.He just joined a Welfare Reform Committee made up of nine Republicans.Mark holds a minority opinion on this issue.If Mark wants his opinion to influence the group's final recommendations,he should

Accepted Answer

A) express a consistent,unwavering viewpoint. 
B) express his opinion,but voice the Republican viewpoint from time to time as well. 
C) express his opinion once and then remain quiet. 
D) remain quiet to avoid upsetting the group.

Question 2

According to Latané' s (1981)social impact theory,Katy will binge eat with her sorority sisters because

Accepted Answer

A) her sorority sisters are immediate and the sorority is very important to her. 
B) Katy wants to be thin and accepted by others. 
C) Katy is predisposed to binge eating. 
D) Katy is in an ambiguous situation and so follows what others do around her.

Question 3

Your textbook discusses recent developments in how most college campuses are attempting to deal with the problem of binge drinking.The technique currently in favor is based on the use of

Accepted Answer

A) informational lectures and persuasion from experts. 
B) obedience to authority. 
C) presenting information on campus norms that are lower than students expect. 
D) increasing cognitive dissonance by emphasizing discrepancies from core values.

Question 4

Why would Muzafer Sherif,a social psychologist,choose the autokinetic effect (a perceptual illusion)to study social conformity? He wanted

Accepted Answer

A) to construct a situation that was ambiguous. 
B) participants to feel pressure to obey his instructions. 
C) to use a dark room to foster a sense of cohesion in the group. 
D) to study the influence of perceptions on social behavior.

Question 5

According to the authors of your text,what is the most plausible explanation as to why the U.S.soldiers followed their lieutenant's orders to massacre the citizens of the peaceful village of My Lai during the Vietnam War?

Accepted Answer

A) They were conforming in a confusing situation. 
B) They were bloodthirsty assassins. 
C) Soldiers tend to be more aggressive than the average person. 
D) They were expressing implicit prejudice.

Question 6

According to Latané's (1981)social impact theory,as group size increases from two to three members,the impact will increase ____ if a group increases from twenty-nine to thirty members.

Accepted Answer

A) exponentially 
B) more than 
C) substantially less than 
D) the same amount as

Question 7

____ refers to the occurrence of similar physical symptoms in a group of people when there is no known physical cause for the symptoms.

Accepted Answer

A) Mass hysteria 
B) Mass psychogenic illness 
C) The intern's syndrome 
D) The somatic dilemma

Question 8

Fads such as hula hoops,miniskirts,mohawks,tattoos,and body piercing represent responses to

Accepted Answer

A) informational social influence. 
B) social contagion. 
C) quickly changing cultural norms. 
D) normative social influence.

Question 9

Recall the cross-cultural conformity research conducted by J.W.Berry (1967)and others.Based on this research,who would be least likely to conform to other group members' opinions?

Accepted Answer

A) a member of an Eskimo fishing society 
B) a member of an African farming society 
C) a member of a Norwegian community 
D) a member of an African cattle-raising society

Question 10

In a field study by Shultz and his colleagues (2007),several households in a neighborhood received weekly feedback about their level of energy consumption relative to their neighbors.In one condition of the study,participants also received feedback based on injunctive norms.How did the researchers manipulate the injunctive norm?

Accepted Answer

A) They reported how much energy they had used relative to their neighbors. 
B) They provided them information about how to conserve electricity. 
C) They put a smiley or sad face drawing on the report depending on how well they conserved. 
D) They put a sign in the yard of the family who conserved the most energy.

Question 11

Not all members of the radio audience of Orson Welles' War of the Worlds broadcast panicked immediately.Indeed,some didn't panic until they looked out of the window and saw empty streets; others didn't panic until they saw streets full of traffic.It was after checking out the situation that these citizens decided that the Martians had indeed invaded Earth.This example illustrates that contagion

Accepted Answer

A) can result when cultural norms reinforce people's most likely responses. 
B) is especially likely when people are motivated to make independent decisions. 
C) can result when people interpret ambiguous situations consistently with their fears. 
D) occurs primarily because humans are by nature irrational creatures.

Question 12

Imagine that you are on the Olympics Planning Committee.Nine out of ten of the committee members hold the same opinions.However,one member,Laura,consistently deviates from the group's opinion.How is your group most likely to act toward Laura to bring her in line with the group's opinion? The group will

Accepted Answer

A) first increase communication with Laura.When that doesn't work,the group will ignore and punish Laura. 
B) immediately punish Laura to force her to change her opinion. 
C) ignore Laura and refuse to communicate with her.If this tactic fails,the group will punish Laura. 
D) nominate Laura to be the chair of the committee.

Question 13

How does conformity to normative social influence differ from conformity to informational social influence?

Accepted Answer

The answer of How does conformity to normative social influence...

Question 14

Which of the following variations of Stanley Milgram's (1963)original obedience experiment provides the strongest evidence of the operation of normative conformity when participants administer electric shocks to a confederate learner?

Accepted Answer

A) When another (confederate)participant refuses to continue,participants obey less. 
B) When the participants are in the same room as the learner,they obey less. 
C) Older participants are less likely to obey than are younger participants. 
D) Participants are less likely to obey when they believe that the learner will have a chance to "teach" them later.

Question 15

Studies of the importance of normative social influence are particularly noteworthy in that they show that people conform even ____.

Accepted Answer

A) to strangers they will never see again 
B) to friends 
C) to relatives 
D) in private as well as in public

Question 16

Which situation below best exemplifies the tenet of social impact theory that immediacy is directly related to conformity?

Accepted Answer

A) Mariah will debate actively with her roommate,but during class debates,she is quiet even when she has strong opinions. 
B) John won't smoke around his girlfriend,but he does smoke when he talks to her on the phone. 
C) Toby pierces his tongue because his friends are into body piercing,even though his parents disapprove. 
D) Kelly will walk around in her bathing suit at the pool when there are just other women around,but she wraps a towel around her hips when any men are around.

Question 17

Brett Silverstein and colleagues (1986)conducted an archival analysis of photographs of women appearing in Vogue and Ladies Home Journal from 1901 to 1981.These researchers found that

Accepted Answer

A) foreign issues of these magazines contained photos of more buxom (i.e.,voluptuous and heavy)women. 
B) there was a dip in bust-waist ratio in the 1920s,a leap in the 1940s,and a steady decline since 1960. 
C) there have never been greater pressures for women to be thin than during the 1970s. 
D) in contrast to women in other countries,women in the United States have consistently aspired to "lean" and "thin."

Question 18

In a study by Pope and his colleagues (2000),men were asked to alter a computer image of a male body to accurately depict their own,their ideal body,and the type of body they thought women preferred.Results from this study suggest that men saw their bodies accurately,but

Accepted Answer

A) wanted to gain a large amount of muscle mass. 
B) thought women were disgusted by any male body. 
C) they usually wanted to gain body fat. 
D) wanted to be taller.

Question 19

Informational social influence does not always produce conformity,but informational conformity is more likely in some situations than in others.What factors increase conformity to informational social influence?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Informational social influence does not always produce...

Question 20

People who hold minority opinions influence the majority group through

Accepted Answer

A) informational social influence. 
B) normative social influence. 
C) public compliance. 
D) assertive verbal jousting.

Exam 8: Conformity: Influencing Behavior

Mark is a Democrat.He just joined a Welfare Reform Committee made up of nine Republicans.Mark holds a minority opinion on this issue.If Mark wants his opinion to influence the group's final recommendations,he should

According to Latané' s (1981) social impact theory,Katy will binge eat with her sorority sisters because

Your textbook discusses recent developments in how most college campuses are attempting to deal with the problem of binge drinking.The technique currently in favor is based on the use of

Why would Muzafer Sherif,a social psychologist,choose the autokinetic effect (a perceptual illusion) to study social conformity? He wanted

According to the authors of your text,what is the most plausible explanation as to why the U.S.soldiers followed their lieutenant's orders to massacre the citizens of the peaceful village of My Lai during the Vietnam War?

According to Latané's (1981) social impact theory,as group size increases from two to three members,the impact will increase ____ if a group increases from twenty-nine to thirty members.

____ refers to the occurrence of similar physical symptoms in a group of people when there is no known physical cause for the symptoms.

Fads such as hula hoops,miniskirts,mohawks,tattoos,and body piercing represent responses to

Recall the cross-cultural conformity research conducted by J.W.Berry (1967) and others.Based on this research,who would be least likely to conform to other group members' opinions?

How does conformity to normative social influence differ from conformity to informational social influence?

Which of the following variations of Stanley Milgram's (1963) original obedience experiment provides the strongest evidence of the operation of normative conformity when participants administer electric shocks to a confederate learner?

Studies of the importance of normative social influence are particularly noteworthy in that they show that people conform even ____.

Which situation below best exemplifies the tenet of social impact theory that immediacy is directly related to conformity?

Brett Silverstein and colleagues (1986) conducted an archival analysis of photographs of women appearing in Vogue and Ladies Home Journal from 1901 to 1981.These researchers found that

In a study by Pope and his colleagues (2000) ,men were asked to alter a computer image of a male body to accurately depict their own,their ideal body,and the type of body they thought women preferred.Results from this study suggest that men saw their bodies accurately,but

Informational social influence does not always produce conformity,but informational conformity is more likely in some situations than in others.What factors increase conformity to informational social influence?

People who hold minority opinions influence the majority group through