Question 1

Felicia is initially the only member of the jury who believes that the defendant is innocent.After hearing and debating Felicia's arguments,the jury unanimously declares the defendant not guilty.The jurors' decision will most likely be characterized by

Accepted Answer

A) private acceptance. 
B) public compliance without private acceptance. 
C) public conversion. 
D) contagion.

Question 2

One of the major concerns about the Milgram studies on obedience was

Accepted Answer

A) results are not generalizable. 
B) participants were all urban dwellers. 
C) it did not involve random selection. 
D) there were several major ethical concerns.

Question 3

An anti-drinking ad states,"Students at this school,on average,only drink three drinks per week." If someone typically drinks no alcoholic beverages per week,but after seeing the ad starts consuming more because they are "below average," this person is exhibiting the

Accepted Answer

A) reactance principle. 
B) boomerang effect. 
C) idea of reverse psychology. 
D) exceptions as to when normative social influence works.

Question 4

In a field study by Shultz and his colleagues (2007),several households in a neighborhood received weekly feedback about their level of energy consumption relative to their neighbors.Feedback about how much energy they used relative to their neighbors provided participants with ____.

Accepted Answer

A) descriptive norms 
B) injunctive norms 
C) prescriptive norms 
D) descriptive and injunctive norms

Question 5

The authors of your text discuss several factors that led to the high degree of obedience in the Milgram experiment.All of the following are implicated except

Accepted Answer

A) normative social influence. 
B) informational social influence. 
C) gradual commitment and resulting changes in self-perception (foot-in-the-door). 
D) aggression.

Question 6

Research by Baron et al.(1996)on the importance of accuracy indicates that the more important it is for people to be accurate,

Accepted Answer

A) the more likely people are to engage in both informational and normative conformity. 
B) the less likely people are to engage in both informational and normative conformity. 
C) the more likely people are to engage in informational conformity,but the less likely people are to engage in normative conformity. 
D) the more likely people are to engage in normative conformity,but the less likely people are to engage in informational conformity.

Question 7

Based on your text,which of the following is the best example of obedience to authority based on normative social influence?

Accepted Answer

A) A bank teller gives a robber all of her money after he puts a gun in her face. 
B) A teacher threatens to take away recess privileges unless her class behaves better. 
C) A parent tells his child to eat her peas or "Daddy will be mad at you." 
D) A police officer gives directions to an African-American couple who are lost.

Question 8

Milgram surveyed both a panel of Yale undergraduates and a panel of psychology professors before he conducted his original experiment.In these surveys,he found that

Accepted Answer

A) most people predicted that less than 1 percent of participants would go to 450 volts. 
B) most people predicted that less than 10 percent of the participants would go to 450 volts. 
C) most people predicted that a majority of participants would go to 450 volts. 
D) students underestimated the percentage who would go all the way to 450 volts,while professors' estimates were fairly accurate.

Question 9

In the "Johnny Rocco" studies conducted by Schachter (1951),he found that when a confederate stubbornly deviated from the opinion of the rest of the group,the confederate then was more likely to

Accepted Answer

A) be voted as the leader. 
B) be suspected of playing the role of a confederate in the study. 
C) be voted out of the group. 
D) experience a large amount of cognitive dissonance.

Question 10

Recall that Solomon Asch (1951,1956)asked participants to estimate the lengths of lines.In response to the incorrect answers of others,some participants actually denied what their eyes saw.These studies provide evidence of

Accepted Answer

A) normative social influence. 
B) informational social influence. 
C) private acceptance. 
D) contagion.

Question 11

Even though the authors point to a number of situational variables that contributed to the destructive obedience of Stanley Milgram's participants (e.g.,normative and informational conformity pressures,conflicting norms),it might still be argued that people have,lurking deep within them,sadistic tendencies that can easily be elicited by situational variables.What experimental findings by Milgram call this "personal attribution" into question?

Accepted Answer

A) When participants could choose the level of shock,they administered very low levels. 
B) Violent prisoners administered lower shocks than non-prisoner participants. 
C) There are cultural differences in the amount of shock participants administer. 
D) When the learner was introduced as a minister,participants gave lower shocks.

Question 12

In essence,normative social influence arises from humans' fundamental

Accepted Answer

A) selfishness,which must be kept in check. 
B) need for companionship,affection,and acceptance. 
C) need for accurate perceptions and beliefs about a confusing world. 
D) desire to submit to knowledgeable authorities.

Question 13

When the Supreme Court makes a decision,the most common decisions are ____,and the least common are ____.

Accepted Answer

A) unanimous; 5-4 splits 
B) 5-4 splits; 8-1 splits (a lone dissenter) 
C) unanimous; 8-1 splits (a lone dissenter) 
D) 8-1 splits (a lone dissenter); 5-4 splits

Question 14

Results from a recent fMRI study replicating Asch's line judgment study suggest that when the participants performed alone at judging lines,or they conformed to the wrong answer,the area of the brain that was active was

Accepted Answer

A) the decision-making center. 
B) the motor cortex. 
C) the area dedicated to vision. 
D) the pre-frontal cortex.

Question 15

Public safety officials want to increase the use of seat belts among drivers,and have decided to show a television ad documenting the rising use of seat belts among drivers.This represents the use of ____ norms to change safety behaviors.

Accepted Answer

A) descriptive 
B) injunctive 
C) conjunctive 
D) proscriptive

Question 16

Recall that Bond and Smith (1996)conducted a meta-analysis of 133 Asch line judgment studies conducted in 17 countries.They found that conformity was higher in ____ cultures because normative social influence ____.

Accepted Answer

A) individualistic cultures; conformity prevents conflict 
B) collectivistic cultures; promotes harmony 
C) agricultural cultures; survival depends on cooperation 
D) industrialized cultures; norms are more widely shared

Question 17

All of the following factors increase the impact of informational social influence except

Accepted Answer

A) the ambiguity of the situation. 
B) the importance of the group. 
C) the extent to which a situation is a crisis. 
D) the expertise of others.

Question 18

Burger's (2009)replication of Milgram's studies on obedience to authority suggests that compared with people in the 1970s,people in 2006 were ____ likely to obey authority.

Accepted Answer

A) less 
B) just as 
C) more 
D) not at all

Question 19

According to the authors of your text,once participants in Milgram's studies delivered the first shock to the learner,this created internal pressure to obey.This dissonance made it more difficult later for participants to

Accepted Answer

A) draw the line as to what exactly was too strong of a shock. 
B) continue conforming with the norms. 
C) continue to obey authority. 
D) listen to the cries of pain from the learner.

Question 20

It could be argued that participants in Muzafer Sherif's (1936)study converged in their estimates of the amount of movement of a point of light because they were avoiding public embarrassment or social censure from other participants.Sherif demonstrated that this was unlikely when he found similar results

Accepted Answer

A) when participants completed the task with their friends. 
B) two years later. 
C) when participants later completed the task alone. 
D) when participants completed an auditory task in groups.

Exam 8: Conformity: Influencing Behavior

Felicia is initially the only member of the jury who believes that the defendant is innocent.After hearing and debating Felicia's arguments,the jury unanimously declares the defendant not guilty.The jurors' decision will most likely be characterized by

One of the major concerns about the Milgram studies on obedience was

An anti-drinking ad states,"Students at this school,on average,only drink three drinks per week." If someone typically drinks no alcoholic beverages per week,but after seeing the ad starts consuming more because they are "below average," this person is exhibiting the

In a field study by Shultz and his colleagues (2007) ,several households in a neighborhood received weekly feedback about their level of energy consumption relative to their neighbors.Feedback about how much energy they used relative to their neighbors provided participants with ____.

The authors of your text discuss several factors that led to the high degree of obedience in the Milgram experiment.All of the following are implicated except

Research by Baron et al.(1996) on the importance of accuracy indicates that the more important it is for people to be accurate,

Based on your text,which of the following is the best example of obedience to authority based on normative social influence?

Milgram surveyed both a panel of Yale undergraduates and a panel of psychology professors before he conducted his original experiment.In these surveys,he found that

In the "Johnny Rocco" studies conducted by Schachter (1951) ,he found that when a confederate stubbornly deviated from the opinion of the rest of the group,the confederate then was more likely to

Recall that Solomon Asch (1951,1956) asked participants to estimate the lengths of lines.In response to the incorrect answers of others,some participants actually denied what their eyes saw.These studies provide evidence of

In essence,normative social influence arises from humans' fundamental

When the Supreme Court makes a decision,the most common decisions are ,and the least common are .

Results from a recent fMRI study replicating Asch's line judgment study suggest that when the participants performed alone at judging lines,or they conformed to the wrong answer,the area of the brain that was active was

Public safety officials want to increase the use of seat belts among drivers,and have decided to show a television ad documenting the rising use of seat belts among drivers.This represents the use of ____ norms to change safety behaviors.

Recall that Bond and Smith (1996) conducted a meta-analysis of 133 Asch line judgment studies conducted in 17 countries.They found that conformity was higher in cultures because normative social influence .

All of the following factors increase the impact of informational social influence except

Burger's (2009) replication of Milgram's studies on obedience to authority suggests that compared with people in the 1970s,people in 2006 were ____ likely to obey authority.

According to the authors of your text,once participants in Milgram's studies delivered the first shock to the learner,this created internal pressure to obey.This dissonance made it more difficult later for participants to

Exam 8: Conformity: Influencing Behavior

Felicia is initially the only member of the jury who believes that the defendant is innocent.After hearing and debating Felicia's arguments,the jury unanimously declares the defendant not guilty.The jurors' decision will most likely be characterized by

One of the major concerns about the Milgram studies on obedience was

An anti-drinking ad states,"Students at this school,on average,only drink three drinks per week." If someone typically drinks no alcoholic beverages per week,but after seeing the ad starts consuming more because they are "below average," this person is exhibiting the

In a field study by Shultz and his colleagues (2007) ,several households in a neighborhood received weekly feedback about their level of energy consumption relative to their neighbors.Feedback about how much energy they used relative to their neighbors provided participants with ____.

The authors of your text discuss several factors that led to the high degree of obedience in the Milgram experiment.All of the following are implicated except

Research by Baron et al.(1996) on the importance of accuracy indicates that the more important it is for people to be accurate,

Based on your text,which of the following is the best example of obedience to authority based on normative social influence?

Milgram surveyed both a panel of Yale undergraduates and a panel of psychology professors before he conducted his original experiment.In these surveys,he found that

In the "Johnny Rocco" studies conducted by Schachter (1951) ,he found that when a confederate stubbornly deviated from the opinion of the rest of the group,the confederate then was more likely to

Recall that Solomon Asch (1951,1956) asked participants to estimate the lengths of lines.In response to the incorrect answers of others,some participants actually denied what their eyes saw.These studies provide evidence of

In essence,normative social influence arises from humans' fundamental

When the Supreme Court makes a decision,the most common decisions are ____,and the least common are ____.

Results from a recent fMRI study replicating Asch's line judgment study suggest that when the participants performed alone at judging lines,or they conformed to the wrong answer,the area of the brain that was active was

Public safety officials want to increase the use of seat belts among drivers,and have decided to show a television ad documenting the rising use of seat belts among drivers.This represents the use of ____ norms to change safety behaviors.

Recall that Bond and Smith (1996) conducted a meta-analysis of 133 Asch line judgment studies conducted in 17 countries.They found that conformity was higher in ____ cultures because normative social influence ____.

All of the following factors increase the impact of informational social influence except

Burger's (2009) replication of Milgram's studies on obedience to authority suggests that compared with people in the 1970s,people in 2006 were ____ likely to obey authority.

According to the authors of your text,once participants in Milgram's studies delivered the first shock to the learner,this created internal pressure to obey.This dissonance made it more difficult later for participants to

When the Supreme Court makes a decision,the most common decisions are ,and the least common are .

Recall that Bond and Smith (1996) conducted a meta-analysis of 133 Asch line judgment studies conducted in 17 countries.They found that conformity was higher in cultures because normative social influence .