Question 1

Perceptual expectancies are frequently created by

Accepted Answer

A)  figure-ground relationships. 
B)  inattentional blindness. 
C)  reality testing. 
D)  suggestion.

Question 2

You are standing in the middle of a field of long,tall grass and flowers.When you look at your feet and at the area immediately around you,you can see great detail and pick out all the individual pieces of foliage.However,when you look up in the distance,the grass and flowers lose detail and begin to merge together.This phenomenon involves the pictorial depth cue of

Accepted Answer

A)  texture gradients. 
B)  linear perspective. 
C)  relative size. 
D)  relative motion.

Question 3

The underlying mechanism for perceptual expectancies is

Accepted Answer

A)  a misleading perception that distorts or misjudges a stimulus. 
B)  top-down processing. 
C)  the organization of perception by beginning with low-level features. 
D)  bottom-up processing.

Question 4

In your textbook is an illusion that consists of two white lines placed across railroad tracks that converge in the distance.Although the two white lines are equal in length,the upper line will look longer because it appears to be farther away than the lower line.This illusion is called the

Accepted Answer

A)  Ponzo illusion. 
B)  Fraser's spiral. 
C)  Poggendorff illusion. 
D)  Herring illusion.

Question 5

When you take a stroll at night,the moon appears to "follow" you.The pictorial cue that explains this phenomenon is called

Accepted Answer

A)  motion parallax. 
B)  linear perspective. 
C)  interposition. 
D)  retinal disparity.

Question 6

The captain of a small fishing boat complains that on exceptionally clear days distances are harder to judge.This is probably due to the loss of which depth cue?

Accepted Answer

A)  accommodation 
B)  relative size 
C)  aerial perspective 
D)  convergence

Question 7

You observe two cars of identical make and model.Although one roars away and its image on your retina is now smaller,you still perceive the cars as identical.This illustrates __________ constancy.

Accepted Answer

A)  size 
B)  angular 
C)  concept 
D)  form

Question 8

Problems with the use of the Zener cards in Rhine's early experiments included all of the following EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A)  badly printed Zener cards that allowed the symbols to show faintly from the back. 
B)  subjects noting marks on the cards caused by normal use. 
C)  the experimenter unconsciously giving people cues. 
D)  the use of the double-blind experiments.

Question 9

When a person first begins to use a computer,he or she has to deliberately pay attention to specific stimuli,such as icons,commands,and signals.These experiences changed how the person's brain processes information about this technology known as a computer.This change is called

Accepted Answer

A)  sensory adaptation. 
B)  sensory habituation. 
C)  perceptual accommodation. 
D)  perceptual learning.

Question 10

The depth cue that occurs when there is an apparent convergence of parallel lines is called

Accepted Answer

A)  linear perspective. 
B)  light and shadow. 
C)  overlap. 
D)  relative motion.

Question 11

You are using one eye to look through a microscope.Which of the listed depth cues is available to you?

Accepted Answer

A)  stereoscopic vision 
B)  retinal disparity 
C)  convergence 
D)  overlap

Question 12

Improved research techniques in parapsychology have resulted in

Accepted Answer

A)  the ability to replicate spectacular results. 
B)  fewer positive results. 
C)  less skepticism among scientists about ESP. 
D)  fewer instances of the "decline effect."

Question 13

When you estimate a distance under 50 feet,such as when you play catch or shoot trash can hoops with the first draft of your essay,you are using

Accepted Answer

A)  convergence. 
B)  accommodation. 
C)  retinal disparity. 
D)  relative size.

Question 14

Depth cues that require two eyes are known as __________ depth cues.

Accepted Answer

A)  bilateral 
B)  binocular 
C)  dizygotic 
D)  divergent

Question 15

In order to perceive distances,a person with only one eye must rely on which depth cue?

Accepted Answer

A)  convergence 
B)  retinal disparity 
C)  stereoscopic vision 
D)  motion parallax

Question 16

Interposition is the pictorial depth cue more commonly known as

Accepted Answer

A)  relative motion. 
B)  overlap. 
C)  linear perspective. 
D)  motion parallax.

Question 17

Research conducted by Chua,Boland,and Nisbett found that American participants tended to focus on the figure within a scene,while the Chinese participants focused on the background.They concluded that Americans tend to have a

Accepted Answer

A)  broader focus of attention. 
B)  narrow focus of attention. 
C)  shorter attention span. 
D)  longer attention span.

Question 18

The binocular cue of convergence occurs

Accepted Answer

A)  because the eyes are about 2.5 inches apart. 
B)  when the lens in each eye bends or bulges to focus on nearby objects. 
C)  just as easily in a person with only one eye. 
D)  when trying to focus on an object less than 50 feet in distance.

Question 19

When Abby wants to draw a highway so that it appears to be going into the horizon,she makes the parallel lines of the highway converge as it nears the horizon.This illustrates the use of the pictorial depth cue known as

Accepted Answer

A)  linear perspective. 
B)  texture gradients. 
C)  retinal disparity. 
D)  light and shadow.

Question 20

Chua,Boland,and Nisbett presented American and Chinese participants with pictures of a figure,such as a tiger,placed on a ground,such as a jungle,and monitored their eye-movement patterns.The Americans tended to focus their eye movements

Accepted Answer

A)  haphazardly. 
B)  in a structured and coordinated way. 
C)  on the figure (the tiger). 
D)  on the ground (the jungle).

Exam 4: C: Sensation and Perception