Question 1

Subjects are said to be assigned randomly when

Accepted Answer

A)  they are selected to participate in an experiment from a sample which is representative of the larger population. 
B)  they each have an equal chance of being assigned to either the experimental or control group. 
C)  they are assigned to experimental and control groups so that the groups differ on some critical variable before the experiment begins. 
D)  neither the experimenter nor the subject knows whether the subject is in the experimental or control group.

Question 2

According to the text,which of the following is NOT an essential variable found in a psychological experiment?

Accepted Answer

A)  mediating 
B)  independent 
C)  extraneous 
D)  dependent

Question 3

The "fight or flight" branch of the autonomic nervous system would be of most interest to a

Accepted Answer

A)  personality theorist. 
B)  sensory psychologist. 
C)  biopsychologist. 
D)  forensic psychologist.

Question 4

When psychologists want to determine cause-and-effect relationships regarding human behavior,they most often use the __________ method.

Accepted Answer

A)  clinical 
B)  correlational 
C)  experimental 
D)  nonexperimental

Question 5

A researcher wants to find out if taking a new antidepressant drug will decrease the symptoms of subjects suffering from social anxiety.The number of symptoms exhibited by the subjects would be the __________ variable.

Accepted Answer

A)  independent 
B)  dependent 
C)  extraneous 
D)  control

Question 6

In an experiment to study the effects of fertilizer on plants,the fertilizer used on each plant would be the __________ variable.

Accepted Answer

A)  dependent 
B)  extraneous 
C)  control 
D)  independent

Question 7

Which psychologists would most likely equally engage in both applied and basic research?

Accepted Answer

A)  developmental 
B)  clinical 
C)  cultural 
D)  sensation and perception

Question 8

Cultural differences,age,ethnicity,gender,religion,disability,and sexual orientation all affect the unspoken rules for acceptable and expected behavior called

Accepted Answer

A)  social norms. 
B)  cultural laws. 
C)  universal norms. 
D)  cultural relational behaviors.

Question 9

The term "shrink" is a slang expression for

Accepted Answer

A)  a psychologist. 
B)  a psychiatrist. 
C)  a counselor or therapist. 
D)  all of these.

Question 10

A single-blind experiment would most likely be used to minimize the

Accepted Answer

A)  researcher bias. 
B)  correlation versus causation problems. 
C)  problem of obtaining a representative sample. 
D)  research participant bias.

Question 11

Which psychology has gained prominence in recent years as researchers have devised ways to objectively study covert behaviors,such as thinking,memory,language,problem-solving,
Consciousness,and creativity?

Accepted Answer

A)  cognitive psychology 
B)  psychodynamic psychology 
C)  structuralism 
D)  humanistic psychology

Question 12

Luis is a paychologist who is interested in applying psychological principles to legal issues, such as researching the reliability of eyewitness testimony.Luis is most likely a __________
Psychologist.

Accepted Answer

A)  forensic 
B)  cultural 
C)  comparative 
D)  social

Question 13

Nonexperimental methods of research include

Accepted Answer

A)  the clinical method. 
B)  correlational studies. 
C)  the survey method. 
D)  all of these.

Question 14

Which of the following psychological approaches is matched correctly to its view of human nature?

Accepted Answer

A)  humanistic------------------positive, philosophical view 
B)  psychodynamic------------neutral, scientific, somewhat mechanistic view 
C)  behavioristic---------------somewhat negative, pessimistic view 
D)  cognitive--------------------positive, philosophical view

Question 15

A teacher asks the school psychologist to observe her class through the two-way mirror and determine why the class disruptions are occurring.Just as the psychologist is walking into the room off to the side of the classroom to observe,the teacher assistant tells the psychologist,"Pay close attention to Claire and Robert over there by the maps.I think they are the real troublemakers in the class." After this encounter,the school psychologist will have to struggle with the

Accepted Answer

A)  observer effect. 
B)  observer bias. 
C)  placebo effect. 
D)  anthropomorphic error.

Question 16

You want to test people's reactions to a new artificial sweetener,and so you plan to give them coffee with two different kinds of sweetener.However,you are worried about possible cues you may give people as to which sweetener they're getting.So,you have your assistant prepare the packets so she knows which is which but you do not,and then you give the two coffees to your subjects.This type of experiment is called a __________ experiment.

Accepted Answer

A)  double-blind 
B)  single-blind 
C)  placebo effect 
D)  placebo bias

Question 17

Animals are used in psychological research because

Accepted Answer

A)  psychologists are interested in the behavior of all living creatures. 
B)  animal models of behavior can often be applied to human behavior. 
C)  the study of animals can benefit both animals and humans. 
D)  all of these reasons apply.

Question 18

In one study,a saline injection was shown to be 70 percent as effective as morphine in reducing pain.This is an example of

Accepted Answer

A)  a placebo effect. 
B)  physiological blocking. 
C)  the random-assignment effect. 
D)  a double-blind effect.

Question 19

Montel studies the effects of urban noise,crowding,and the human use of space.Montel is most likely a(n)________ psychologist.

Accepted Answer

A)  developmental 
B)  environmental 
C)  comparative 
D)  health

Question 20

Psychologists who specialize in the treatment of human emotional problems are called __________ psychologists.

Accepted Answer

A)  psychiatric or neuro- 
B)  personality or developmental 
C)  clinical or counseling 
D)  comparative or experimental

Exam 1: B: Introduction to Psychology and Research Methods