Question 1

While taking the SAT exam,Ceth must determine the age order of four siblings based on the clues given in the question.Ceth decides to ask himself a series of if-then statements to determine in what order the siblings were born.Ceth is using ____ to solve this problem.

Accepted Answer

A)  a logarithm 
B)  logic 
C)  a heuristic 
D)  elaborate association

Question 2

Which statement is NOT true regarding language acquisition?

Accepted Answer

A)  Humans must acquire language during a critical period to acquire complex features of their language. 
B)  Balanced bilinguals show greater cognitive flexibility than those who speak one language. 
C)  Nonhuman primates can use language as well as children. 
D)  Children learn syntax through both modeling and biological preparedness.

Question 3

Miss Libby asks her class to draw a picture of a dog.They draw pictures of retrievers,shepherds,mutts,terriers,spaniels,and lots of others.Her students obviously have different ____ of a dog.

Accepted Answer

A)  formal concepts 
B)  prototypes 
C)  premises 
D)  propositions

Question 4

Dora is trying to decide whether to buy the regular laundry detergent or one that is environmentally safe.When evaluating these options,Dora hopes to make the best choice in order to maximize the ____of her decision.

Accepted Answer

A)  utility 
B)  loss aversion 
C)  expected value 
D)  means-end analysis

Question 5

The sentence "The musician knowed a great tune to play" violates the rules of ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  semantics 
B)  syntax 
C)  morphemes 
D)  deep structure

Question 6

Discuss the two main theories of how children acquire language.Which theory do you believe? Why?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Discuss the two main theories of how...

Question 7

For a class project,Mindi has to deliver a presentation on heuristics and algorithms.She decides to create a demonstration to illustrate how people often use heuristics instead of algorithms.People do this because heuristics ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  avoid mental sets 
B)  guarantee solutions 
C)  avoid functional fixedness 
D)  save time

Question 8

Mario is out past his curfew.When he gets home,the house is dark and his parents are asleep.To avoid waking them,he walks to his room in the dark.He doesn't bump into any objects because he has a ____ of the house.

Accepted Answer

A)  script 
B)  schema 
C)  concept 
D)  cognitive map

Question 9

Jaycilyn thinks that she can get a three-bedroom apartment near campus for $250/month.Marty tells her that he saw one advertised for $600/month.Jaycilyn changes her original estimate,and now thinks that she can get an apartment for $300/month.Jaycilyn's revised estimate is affected by the ____ heuristic.

Accepted Answer

A)  algorithm 
B)  availability 
C)  anchoring 
D)  representativeness

Question 10

An alien from another galaxy has landed on Earth and is overwhelmed by the sensory input it must process.Eventually,the alien simplifies its thinking by categorizing sets of experiences and objects according to their common features.In other words,the alien learns to form ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  heuristics 
B)  schemas 
C)  concepts 
D)  scripts

Question 11

Carla participates in an experiment in which she has to read a list of words that are the names of colors.Some of the words are printed in the same colored ink as the word; others are not.For instance,sometimes the word blueis printed in blue ink,and sometimes the word blueis printed in red,green,or black ink.The researcher records the amount of time it takes for her to read each word.Carla's reaction time is likely to ____ when the word and the ink are the same color and ____ when they are different colors.

Accepted Answer

A)  increase; increase 
B)  decrease; decrease 
C)  decrease; increase 
D)  increase; decrease

Question 12

Benji receives a $50 bonus this month because he had the highest sales at work.He likes the bonus,but in Benji's view it doesn't compensate for his $50 speeding ticket.Benji's feelings are best described by ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  utility disparity 
B)  expected value 
C)  loss disparity 
D)  loss aversion

Question 13

Adam and Mike are playing chess.Adam sees that he can win by getting his queen to a particular space.Before he can accomplish that goal,he must get Mike to move the piece that is occupying that space.He sees that he can force Mike to move the piece if he makes a particular move now,which he does.Adam is ____ to solve this problem.

Accepted Answer

A)  working backward 
B)  using heuristics 
C)  using incubation 
D)  making analogies

Question 14

Children who are not exposed to language until late in life are often unable to use complex features of language.This suggests that learning language involves ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  conditioning 
B)  a language acquisition device 
C)  a critical period 
D)  semantic networks

Question 15

The statement "I had a great time!" can be interpreted a number of different ways depending on ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  linguistic determinism 
B)  spectrographic analysis 
C)  the context 
D)  the semantics

Question 16

At a meeting of your swimming club,a vote will be taken as to whether you are all going to swim across a body of water.Last year,the club swam across Crystal Lake,a small lake.The majority votes to do the swim.If group polarization occurs,you would expect the group to decide to swim across ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  the local creek 
B)  the local public pool 
C)  Crystal Lake 
D)  the Mississippi River

Question 17

Jamie is alert when he sees Max prepare to serve the volleyball over the net.Jamie knows that Max is a skilled server who can drop the ball where he wants,regardless of the speed and loft he puts behind the ball.Knowing this,we can expect Jamie's reaction time to position himself for a return will be slower,mostly due to what factor?

Accepted Answer

A)  expectancy 
B)  stimulus-response compatibility 
C)  complexity 
D)  confirmation bias

Question 18

Janaki is an infant whose vocalizations tend to consist of sounds such as "bababa" or "dadada." Janaki is ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  using telegraphic speech 
B)  lacking universal grammar 
C)  producing babblings 
D)  overextending her words

Question 19

Which of the following is a proposition?

Accepted Answer

A)  dogs and cats 
B)  with cheese 
C)  Karla is cute 
D)  ice cream

Question 20

Lola loves to gamble at the casino boats.She tells you that even though the odds of winning big are low,she is certain that she can win back at least the same amount of money she pays into the slot machines.By determining the odds of winning on the machines,you use a simple equation to show Lola that her ____ is actually negative,and therefore,she should not play the machines if she wants to come out ahead.

Accepted Answer

A)  proposition 
B)  loss aversion 
C)  expected value 
D)  utility

Exam 7: Thought and Language