Question 1

You are asked to be on a panel of experts investigating the nature of consciousness.While the other experts are content to rely on speculation regarding consciousness,you demand that the evidence be based on experience and observation.Your approach is known as ____.

Accepted Answer

A)   functionalism
B)   empiricism
C)   reductionism
D)   rationalism B

Question 2

Zorica studies social influences on consumer behavior.Pat researches the effect of chemical imbalances on the onset of depression.Zorica and Pat study different topics and may use different methods,but like the majority of psychologists,they both ____.

Accepted Answer

A)   work in more than one subfield
B)   emphasize empirical research
C)   publish articles on their research
D)   engage in speculative research B

Question 3

Although psychology contains diverse subfields and approaches,two factors provide unity.One of these factors is that ____.

Accepted Answer

A)   psychologists' interests, activities, and values are not unified
B)   every psychologist performs research in many subfields of psychology
C)   psychologists in every subfield draw on and contribute to knowledge from other subfields
D)   psychologists use speculative methods instead of empirical methods C

Question 4

Aaron believes that drug abuse occurs because abusers produce more of certain brain chemicals and because they perceive drugs to be their salvation.Aaron advocates which two approaches in psychology?

Accepted Answer

A)   psychodynamic and cognitive
B)   behavioral and biological
C)   behavioral and cognitive
D)   biological and humanistic

Question 5

To attempt to discover why some adolescents begin using drugs and alcohol,a social psychologist would most likely study the ____.

Accepted Answer

A)   effects of peer pressure and the influence of media role models on adolescents' decision-making processes
B)   internal conflicts and struggles within substance-abusing adolescents
C)   chromosomal pattern of substance abusers to determine if there is a genetic predisposition to substance abuse
D)   personality profile of adolescents engaged in substance abuse

Question 6

Jami says to her therapist,Len,"I really want to understand myself better.That is why I am in therapy." Len replies,"Then we will have to start digging in your past and understanding all of the unconscious motives that cause you to be who you are." Len probably takes a(n)____ approach to psychology.

Accepted Answer

A)   evolutionary
B)   psychodynamic
C)   humanistic
D)   cognitive

Question 7

During lunch,Tara says,"I am reading this book called On the Origin of Species,and the author has some really bizarre ideas about why we think and act as we do." Thom replies,"Yeah,I read that book.It was written by Charles Darwin.I liked the discussion on ____."

Accepted Answer

A)   functionalism
B)   structuralism
C)   introspection
D)   naturalselection

Question 8

A guest at a party says that the psychodynamic and behavioral approaches to psychology are quite similar.You disagree and say the behavioral approach stresses ____ while the psychodynamic model emphasizes ____.

Accepted Answer

A)   covert behavior; mental processes
B)   overt behavior; unconscious conflicts
C)   learning; introspection
D)   conscious experience; personality

Question 9

The song lyric,"I am a rock; I am an island" is similar to the attitudes of people from a(n)_____ culture.

Accepted Answer

A)   individualist
B)   collectivist
C)   multiple
D)   diverse

Question 10

Within a scientific discipline,the focus of investigation is often cyclical in nature.In psychology,the cycle is represented by an emphasis on the study of ____ in the 1880s and on the study of ____ in the 1980s.

Accepted Answer

A)   overt behavior; physiological reactions
B)   conscious experience; cognitive processes
C)   perception; sensation
D)   consciousness; overt behavior

Question 11

The difference between a school psychologist and an educational psychologist is that a school psychologist ____.

Accepted Answer

A)   is more likely to conduct research on effective curricula
B)   focuses on how community programs are likely to lead to academic achievement
C)   is more directly involved with individual students
D)   has little involvement with students' mental health problems

Question 12

A creative team wants to design a web site that users can navigate intuitively and that has a logical flow of information.This team would benefit most from the expertise of a(n)____ psychologist.

Accepted Answer

A)   clinical
B)   community
C)   engineering
D)   humanistic

Question 13

Latasha works for a multinational corporation.She must report to executives from a collectivist culture about the status of a project conducted by her group.To communicate in the most appropriate way to these executives,what should she say?

Accepted Answer

A)   "The group is performing well together."
B)   "I have done well in my management."
C)   "I worked hard to control each group member."
D)   "The project will be completed on time."

Question 14

If you were to study consciousness by having your friends use introspection and report the results to you,your research method would be most similar to that used by ____.

Accepted Answer

A)   structuralists
B)   functionalists
C)   psychoanalysts
D)   cognitive psychologists

Question 15

Dr.Cassidy researches how teachers can most effectively teach grammar principles to elementary school students.Dr.Cassidy's research is most appropriate for which subfield of psychology?

Accepted Answer

A)   developmental
B)   social
C)   school
D)   educational

Question 16

Wundt's approach to psychology is called structuralism because he stressed that ____.

Accepted Answer

A)   childhood experiences structure later adult development
B)   all conscious experience is built up of complicated combinations of elemental sensations
C)   the structure of overt behavior is the only appropriate subject matter for psychology
D)   the whole of the structure is different from its elemental parts

Question 17

Jorie thinks that the attention her little brother gets when he has tantrums actually encourages him to have more tantrums.Jorie's explanation is based on a____ approach.

Accepted Answer

A)   psychodynamic
B)   cognitive
C)   humanistic
D)   behavioral

Question 18

The chapter in your textbook on consciousness would be of least interest to someone advocating ____.

Accepted Answer

A)   functionalism
B)   behaviorism
C)   cognitive psychology
D)   structuralism

Question 19

Kari wants to win and gets upset when she loses in sports.She also tries not to wear the same types of clothes that other people wear.Despite her attempts to be unique,she often feels lonely.Kari is most likely from a(n)____ culture.

Accepted Answer

A)   individualist
B)   collectivist
C)   multicultural
D)   subcultural

Question 20

Debi notices that her seven-year-old daughter often gives wrong answers before giving the right answers when playing word games.Debi suspects her daughter does this for several reasons; her brain is still forming,she has learned it will earn her attention,and her problem-solving skills are ever-changing.Debi's explanation best reflects a(n)____ approach to psychology.

Accepted Answer

A)   psychodynamic
B)   cognitive
C)   humanistic
D)   eclectic

Exam 1: Introduction to the Science of Psychology