Question 1

Amber says to her friend,"I don't know why you expect Simeon to change.The fact is people behave in stable ways." Amber most likely subscribes to the ____ approach to personality.

Accepted Answer

A)   humanistic psychology
B)   trait
C)   psychodynamic
D)   behavioral B

Question 2

During a train ride,a mysterious personality theorist approaches you and says,"According to my theory,people choose to be in situations that are in line with their personal dispositions." As an astute detective,you quickly realize this statement is part of ____.

Accepted Answer

A)   Rogers's self theory
B)   Bandura's reciprocal determinism
C)   Mischel's cognitive-affective theory
D)   Allport's trait theory C

Question 3

For his class project,Nick is conducting a personality assessment of his father.First he asks his mother and siblings to judge his father along several criteria.Then he asks his father many questions to obtain his own point of view.Nick is using ____ to assess his father's personality.

Accepted Answer

A)   self-reports and life outcomes
B)   observer ratings and an interview
C)   situational tests and a self-report
D)   interviews and life outcomes B

Question 4

Freud explains that the stage in which sexual desires become conscious is called the ____ stage.

Accepted Answer

A)   phallic
B)   latency
C)   genital
D)   anal

Question 5

Nonprojective personality measures have been used widely for hiring purposes.The problem with this practice is that personality measures ____.

Accepted Answer

A)   are usually not adequate predictors of how a person performs in a job
B)   are not standardized
C)   are not able to identify mental disorders in job applicants
D)   do not obtain enough personal information about the applicant

Question 6

Lena is playing in the sandbox with the boys.Her teacher walks up and scolds her."Shouldn't you be playing house with the other girls?" Later,when the boys ask her to play with her,Lena says,"That stuff is for boys.I don't like it," even though she really wants to play in the sandbox.According to Carl Rogers,Lena is experiencing ____.

Accepted Answer

A)   deficiency orientation
B)   low self-efficacy
C)   incongruence
D)   reaction formation

Question 7

According to Freud,the ego,which evolves from the id and creates ways to get what one wants in a world full of rules,operates on the ____ principle.

Accepted Answer

A)   reality
B)   pleasure
C)   morality
D)   compromise

Question 8

Carl Rogers contends that a child's self-concept develops as she receives ____ from parents and teachers,has a congruent experience,and feels good about what she is doing.

Accepted Answer

A)   a growth orientation
B)   conditions of worth
C)   self-efficacy
D)   positive regard

Question 9

Vincent has a bad day at work and unconsciously wants to punch his boss.However,instead Vincent goes home and energetically paints a picture of the devil,and he feels much better afterward.In this example,Vincent is using the defense mechanism known as ____.

Accepted Answer

A)   sublimation
B)   compensation
C)   displacement
D)   projection

Question 10

After Daniel balloons to a weight of 450 pounds,he becomes very stressed.When confronted about his stress and weight problem by his wife,he said,"It is healthy for me to maintain this weight because I'll live longer if a famine occurs." What defense mechanism is Daniel using?

Accepted Answer

A)   repression
B)   rationalization
C)   displacement
D)   projection

Question 11

Buffy,the Vampire Slayer,is finding herself physically attracted to Spike,a local vampire.Buffy frequently insults Spike,expresses her contempt for him,and occasionally beats him up.Buffy's behavior is best illustrated by which Freudian defense mechanism?

Accepted Answer

A)   reaction formation
B)   displacement
C)   sublimation
D)   projection

Question 12

Dr.Leo Marvin administers a projective personality measure similar to the Rorschach Inkblot Test to his patient,Bob.Even though Dr.Marvin hopes to gain some insight into Bob's character,he understands these kinds of tests suffer from ____.

Accepted Answer

A)   low response rates
B)   relatively low reliability and validity
C)   double-blind error
D)   behavioral inhibition

Question 13

Cole has a difficult time maintaining relationships,especially with authority figures.According to Freud's psychodynamic theory,Cole is most likely fixated at the ____ psychosexual stage of development.

Accepted Answer

A)   oral
B)   anal
C)   phallic
D)   genital

Question 14

Dr.Collins studies the patterns of psychological and behavioral characteristics by which each person can be compared and contrasted with other people.Dr.Collins is best classified as a ____ psychologist.

Accepted Answer

A)   clinical
B)   personality
C)   behavioral
D)   social

Question 15

Dr.Akash is a contemporary psychodynamic theorist who focuses on the attachment theory.Therefore,Dr.Akash would likely disagree with which statement?

Accepted Answer

A)   Children who miss the opportunity for secure attachment are not likely to suffer severe disturbances in adult relationships.
B)   The nature of attachment affects the shaping of a person's self-image and identity.
C)   Women who had been securely attached as children are more likely to have happy marriages as adults.
D)   Experiencing abuse as a child can affect how a person forms social relationships during late adulthood.

Question 16

Regina and Haoli see a person on the quad dancing naked,painted all over like a lava lamp.Because Regina views the scene from the ____ theory of personality,she believes that the dancer's behavior must be meaningful to him.Haoli,however,views the scene from the ____ theory of personality,and she believes that some aspect of the dancer's personality is failing to control his impulses.

Accepted Answer

A)   humanistic; psychodynamic
B)   psychodynamic; humanistic
C)   social-cognitive; humanistic
D)   trait; psychodynamic

Question 17

Reece really wants to have sex with his girlfriend Marjorie.According to the psychodynamic approach to personality,Reece's ____ will make compromises between his ____,which demands immediate satisfaction,and his ____,which tells him he should wait until he is married.

Accepted Answer

A)   id; ego; superego
B)   ego; superego; id
C)   ego; id; superego
D)   superego; id; ego

Question 18

The results of Demetrius's personality assessment show that he scored low on extraversion and high on emotionality-stability.Which approach was Demetrius's assessment measure based on?

Accepted Answer

A)   Allport's trait theory
B)   Cattell's factor-analytic approach
C)   Eysenck's biological trait theory
D)   Freud's psychodynamic theory

Question 19

Based on research with adopted children and twins,which statement is justifiable about the contribution of heredity to personality?

Accepted Answer

A)   There are "personality genes" that determine certain personality traits.
B)   Identical twins that have been raised together have similar personality traits because of genetic factors.
C)   Birth order is one of the most important influences on personality.
D)   People inherit predispositions for certain personality factors.

Question 20

Rolo is dissatisfied with his life because his career is going nowhere and he is struggling to avoid bankruptcy.If Rolo had a growth orientation,he will ____.

Accepted Answer

A)   change his behavior
B)   analyze his thought patterns in a systematic way to determine why he is not more successful
C)   focus more on the positive aspects of his life, such as his happy marriage
D)   enter therapy to help him succeed in business

Exam 13: Personality