Question 1

Ashley learns that if her car does not start on the first try,pressing the gas pedal before trying to start it again will get the car to work.The next time Ashley's car does not start,she tries pressing the gas pedal,but this does not work.She concludes that her car needs repairs and does not notice that she is simply out of gas.Ashley is experiencing ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  functional fixedness 
B)  incubation 
C)  the representativeness heuristic 
D)  a mental set

Question 2

Vanessa walked into a party and said,"I just purchased a vehicle." Most people in the room formed a mental image of a midsize car.Apparently,a midsize car can be considered a ____ for the ____ concept called vehicle.

Accepted Answer

A)  prototype; natural 
B)  prototype; formal 
C)  mental model; natural 
D)  mental model; formal

Question 3

In an experiment to measure reaction time,subjects must push either a blue button in response to a green light or a green button in response to a blue light.Discuss five factors that could influence their reaction time.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In an experiment to measure reaction time,subjects...

Question 4

Shari is taking a computer-based test designed to measure her knowledge of a word processor.To understand the sequence of commands that allows her to create a macro (e.g.,clicking on "Tools",naming the macro),Shari must use a ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  mental model 
B)  narrative 
C)  proposition 
D)  cognitive map

Question 5

While playing a video game,you guide your character through a make-believe world,avoiding some objects and picking up others,while responding to various events.This extremely rapid process of description,elaboration,decision,planning,and action illustrates ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  an artificial concept 
B)  mental chronometry 
C)  a mental model 
D)  the circle of thought

Question 6

Neuroimaging reveals how the brain functions during certain activities.As a child is exposed to a new puzzle toy,we can expect an increase in ____ involvement.After the puzzle becomes familiar to the child,involvement in the ____ will become highly active.

Accepted Answer

A)  hypothalamus; parietal lobe 
B)  hippocampus; parietal lobe 
C)  frontal lobe; hypothalamus 
D)  frontal lobe; hippocampus

Question 7

Tolkien is creating a new language called Elvish for a race of characters in his upcoming book.After a long writing session,he smiles and says,"There.I finally have the rules for combining symbols in Elvish." In other words,Tolkien has created the ____ of the language.

Accepted Answer

A)  grammar 
B)  semantics 
C)  phonemes 
D)  surface structure

Question 8

In his mind,Perry is able to picture every detail of his favorite painting.This type of analogous representation is known as a(n)____.

Accepted Answer

A)  mental set 
B)  concept 
C)  script 
D)  image

Question 9

Marta is lecturing on the first day of her Introduction to Linguistics course.She starts by explaining that if you have words and a set of rules for using those words,you have everything you need for ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  semantics 
B)  syntax 
C)  a learning acquisition device 
D)  a language

Question 10

Two-year-old Allie is learning to talk.Her sentences are very short and to the point.For example,she says "Me do" when she wants to do something herself.Allie is ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  engaging in infant vocalizations 
B)  at the one-word stage 
C)  using telegraphic sentences 
D)  beyond the critical period

Question 11

The word tools has ____ phonemes and ____ morpheme(s).

Accepted Answer

A)  four; two 
B)  four; one 
C)  five; two 
D)  five; one

Question 12

Darnetta took apart her alarm clock in an attempt to repair it,and now she has to put it back together.She forgot how the pieces were connected,so she tries fitting each piece with every other piece until she finds one that fits.Darnetta's approach to problem solving demonstrates ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  an algorithm 
B)  a heuristic 
C)  functional fixedness 
D)  lack of intelligence

Question 13

Derek is mowing the lawn when a wheel falls off the lawnmower.Derek cannot find a screwdriver,so he uses the edge of a dime to screw the wheel back on.Derek has overcome which obstacle to problem solving?

Accepted Answer

A)  means-end analysis 
B)  functional fixedness 
C)  confirmation bias 
D)  multiple hypotheses

Question 14

Software programs receive information,represent that information with symbols,and then manipulate those representations.Such software constitutes a(n)____.

Accepted Answer

A)  proposition 
B)  information-processing system 
C)  natural concept 
D)  expected value

Question 15

Shaggy and Scooby cannot figure out who the masked intruder are from the clues that they find,so they decide to put the clues down and go to the kitchen for a snack.After a couple of hours,Shaggy sees the clues again and realize who the masked intruder is.Shaggy solved this problem through ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  analogy 
B)  incubation 
C)  working backwards 
D)  decomposition

Question 16

After being trampled by platform shoes at an Iggy concert,Buffy awakes in the hospital and says to a nurse,"Watches playfully wrote pumpkins in the sky." This doesn't make sense because Buffy's speech violates the rules of ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  syntax 
B)  phonemes 
C)  morphemes 
D)  semantics

Question 17

Dr.Zheng is looking at the PET scans of four different people.She has been asked to identify the individual who was learning something new and difficult when the PET scan was performed.She should look for the PET that indicates ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  high activity in the frontal lobe 
B)  high activity in the hippocampus 
C)  low activity in the occipital lobe 
D)  low activity in the medulla

Question 18

Todd decides to create a matching game to study his psychology concepts.He pulls a card that asks "What is best defined as the manipulation of mental representations?" Todd thinks for a minute before he remembers that the answer is "____."

Accepted Answer

A)  language 
B)  logic 
C)  thinking 
D)  perception

Question 19

First impressions of people are difficult to change due to ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  mental models 
B)  algorithms 
C)  the anchoring heuristic 
D)  availability heuristic

Question 20

During an interview,SherlockHolmes confesses that his detective skills were based largely on principles of deduction,algorithms,and logic.In other words,Holmes relies primarily on ____ to solve his cases.

Accepted Answer

A)  artificial intelligence 
B)  mental models 
C)  heuristics 
D)  formal reasoning

Exam 7: Thought and Language

Vanessa walked into a party and said,"I just purchased a vehicle." Most people in the room formed a mental image of a midsize car.Apparently,a midsize car can be considered a for the concept called vehicle.

In an experiment to measure reaction time,subjects must push either a blue button in response to a green light or a green button in response to a blue light.Discuss five factors that could influence their reaction time.

Shari is taking a computer-based test designed to measure her knowledge of a word processor.To understand the sequence of commands that allows her to create a macro (e.g.,clicking on "Tools",naming the macro) ,Shari must use a ____.

While playing a video game,you guide your character through a make-believe world,avoiding some objects and picking up others,while responding to various events.This extremely rapid process of description,elaboration,decision,planning,and action illustrates ____.

Neuroimaging reveals how the brain functions during certain activities.As a child is exposed to a new puzzle toy,we can expect an increase in involvement.After the puzzle becomes familiar to the child,involvement in the will become highly active.

Tolkien is creating a new language called Elvish for a race of characters in his upcoming book.After a long writing session,he smiles and says,"There.I finally have the rules for combining symbols in Elvish." In other words,Tolkien has created the ____ of the language.

In his mind,Perry is able to picture every detail of his favorite painting.This type of analogous representation is known as a(n) ____.

Marta is lecturing on the first day of her Introduction to Linguistics course.She starts by explaining that if you have words and a set of rules for using those words,you have everything you need for ____.

Two-year-old Allie is learning to talk.Her sentences are very short and to the point.For example,she says "Me do" when she wants to do something herself.Allie is ____.

The word tools has phonemes and morpheme(s) .

Darnetta took apart her alarm clock in an attempt to repair it,and now she has to put it back together.She forgot how the pieces were connected,so she tries fitting each piece with every other piece until she finds one that fits.Darnetta's approach to problem solving demonstrates ____.

Derek is mowing the lawn when a wheel falls off the lawnmower.Derek cannot find a screwdriver,so he uses the edge of a dime to screw the wheel back on.Derek has overcome which obstacle to problem solving?

Software programs receive information,represent that information with symbols,and then manipulate those representations.Such software constitutes a(n) ____.

Shaggy and Scooby cannot figure out who the masked intruder are from the clues that they find,so they decide to put the clues down and go to the kitchen for a snack.After a couple of hours,Shaggy sees the clues again and realize who the masked intruder is.Shaggy solved this problem through ____.

After being trampled by platform shoes at an Iggy concert,Buffy awakes in the hospital and says to a nurse,"Watches playfully wrote pumpkins in the sky." This doesn't make sense because Buffy's speech violates the rules of ____.

Dr.Zheng is looking at the PET scans of four different people.She has been asked to identify the individual who was learning something new and difficult when the PET scan was performed.She should look for the PET that indicates ____.

Todd decides to create a matching game to study his psychology concepts.He pulls a card that asks "What is best defined as the manipulation of mental representations?" Todd thinks for a minute before he remembers that the answer is "____."

First impressions of people are difficult to change due to ____.

During an interview,SherlockHolmes confesses that his detective skills were based largely on principles of deduction,algorithms,and logic.In other words,Holmes relies primarily on ____ to solve his cases.

Exam 7: Thought and Language

Vanessa walked into a party and said,"I just purchased a vehicle." Most people in the room formed a mental image of a midsize car.Apparently,a midsize car can be considered a ____ for the ____ concept called vehicle.

In an experiment to measure reaction time,subjects must push either a blue button in response to a green light or a green button in response to a blue light.Discuss five factors that could influence their reaction time.

Shari is taking a computer-based test designed to measure her knowledge of a word processor.To understand the sequence of commands that allows her to create a macro (e.g.,clicking on "Tools",naming the macro) ,Shari must use a ____.

While playing a video game,you guide your character through a make-believe world,avoiding some objects and picking up others,while responding to various events.This extremely rapid process of description,elaboration,decision,planning,and action illustrates ____.

Neuroimaging reveals how the brain functions during certain activities.As a child is exposed to a new puzzle toy,we can expect an increase in ____ involvement.After the puzzle becomes familiar to the child,involvement in the ____ will become highly active.

Tolkien is creating a new language called Elvish for a race of characters in his upcoming book.After a long writing session,he smiles and says,"There.I finally have the rules for combining symbols in Elvish." In other words,Tolkien has created the ____ of the language.

In his mind,Perry is able to picture every detail of his favorite painting.This type of analogous representation is known as a(n) ____.

Marta is lecturing on the first day of her Introduction to Linguistics course.She starts by explaining that if you have words and a set of rules for using those words,you have everything you need for ____.

Two-year-old Allie is learning to talk.Her sentences are very short and to the point.For example,she says "Me do" when she wants to do something herself.Allie is ____.

The word tools has ____ phonemes and ____ morpheme(s) .

Darnetta took apart her alarm clock in an attempt to repair it,and now she has to put it back together.She forgot how the pieces were connected,so she tries fitting each piece with every other piece until she finds one that fits.Darnetta's approach to problem solving demonstrates ____.

Derek is mowing the lawn when a wheel falls off the lawnmower.Derek cannot find a screwdriver,so he uses the edge of a dime to screw the wheel back on.Derek has overcome which obstacle to problem solving?

Software programs receive information,represent that information with symbols,and then manipulate those representations.Such software constitutes a(n) ____.

Shaggy and Scooby cannot figure out who the masked intruder are from the clues that they find,so they decide to put the clues down and go to the kitchen for a snack.After a couple of hours,Shaggy sees the clues again and realize who the masked intruder is.Shaggy solved this problem through ____.

After being trampled by platform shoes at an Iggy concert,Buffy awakes in the hospital and says to a nurse,"Watches playfully wrote pumpkins in the sky." This doesn't make sense because Buffy's speech violates the rules of ____.

Dr.Zheng is looking at the PET scans of four different people.She has been asked to identify the individual who was learning something new and difficult when the PET scan was performed.She should look for the PET that indicates ____.

Todd decides to create a matching game to study his psychology concepts.He pulls a card that asks "What is best defined as the manipulation of mental representations?" Todd thinks for a minute before he remembers that the answer is "____."

First impressions of people are difficult to change due to ____.

During an interview,SherlockHolmes confesses that his detective skills were based largely on principles of deduction,algorithms,and logic.In other words,Holmes relies primarily on ____ to solve his cases.

Vanessa walked into a party and said,"I just purchased a vehicle." Most people in the room formed a mental image of a midsize car.Apparently,a midsize car can be considered a for the concept called vehicle.

Neuroimaging reveals how the brain functions during certain activities.As a child is exposed to a new puzzle toy,we can expect an increase in involvement.After the puzzle becomes familiar to the child,involvement in the will become highly active.

The word tools has phonemes and morpheme(s) .